Is Dermal Melasma a Phototoxic Reaction?: A Case Report

Year 2018, Volume: 2 Issue: 3, 35 - 39, 13.05.2019

Yavuz Kayaş , Banu Yaman İlgen Ertam , Taner Akalın , İdil Ünal

Abstract

Pigmentation
related to drugs consist %10-20 of cases with acquired hyperpigmentation. Melasma
is a common acquired disorder characterized by symmetric, hyperpigmented
patches with an irregular outline, occurring most commonly on the face. Melasma
is rarely seen in males. High ultraviolet exposure and family history are the
most common in ethiology  and some drugs
may result melasma to be seen in males which is very rare. Phototoxic drug
reaction should also be considered in differential diagnosis in male patients
with hyperpigmentation on the sun exposed areas.

Keywords

Melasma, Photosensitivity, Drug reactions

References

• 1. M. W. Chang, “Disorders of Hyperpigmentation,” in Dermatology, Third., vol. one, J. V. Jean L. Bolognia, Joseph L. Jorizzo, Ed. Elsevier Saunders, 2012, pp. 1049–1074.
• 2. S. K. Çakmak, N. Özcan, A. Kılıç, S. Koparal, F. Artüz, A. Çakmak, and K. Köse, “Etiopathogenetic factors, thyroid functions and thyroid autoimmunity in melasma patients,” Adv. Dermatology Allergol., vol. 5, pp. ;2015;327–330 .
• 3. Y. H. Jang, J. H. Sim, H. Y. Kang, Y. C. Kim, and E. S. Lee, “The histopathological characteristics of male melasma: Comparison with female melasma and lentigo,” J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., vol. 66, no. 4, pp. 2012;642–649.
• 4. S. Rashmi and S. Garg, “Melasma in Men,” in Melasma : A Monograph, First., R. Sarkar, Ed. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, 2015, pp. 80–85.
• 5. A. Drucker and C. Rosen, “Drug-induced photosensitivity : culprit durgs, management and preventin,” Drug Saf., vol. 34, no. 10, pp.2011; 821–837.
• 6. O. Dereure, “Drug-induced skin pigmentation. Epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment.,” Am. J. Clin. Dermatol., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 2001;253–262.
• 7. Z. Kutlubay, A. Sevim, B. Engin, and Y. Tüzün, “Photodermatoses, including phototoxic and photoallergic reactions (internal and external).,” Clin. Dermatol., vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 2014;73–79.
• 8. P. Lehmann, “Photodermatoses,” in Braun-Falco´s Dermatology, Third., Burgdorf W. Plewig G. Wolff H.H. Landthaler M., Ed. Springer New York, 2008;573–597.
• 9. M. Herstowska, O. Komorowska, W. J. Cubała, K. Jakuszkowiak-Wojten, M. Gałuszko-Węgielnik, and J. Landowski, “Severe skin complications in patients treated with antidepressants: a literature review.,” Postȩpy dermatologii i Alergol., vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 2014;92–97.
• 10. L. Pazzagli, R. Banfi, G. Borselli, and M. V Semmola, “Photosensitivity reaction to fluoxetine and alprazolam.,” Pharm. World Sci., vol. 20, no. 3, p. 136, Jun. 1998.
• 11. E. Gaufberg and J. M. Ellison, “Photosensitivity reaction to fluoxetine.,” J. Clin. Psychiatry, vol. 56, no. 10, p. 486, Oct. 1995.
• 12. I. Drug-induced, I. The, and M. Phototoxic, “Evidence-Based Guideline for the Classification and Management of Drug-Induced Phototoxicity,” Eur. Dermatology Forum Guidel. Photodermatoses, pp. 1–6.