Some Critiques towards Kohlberg’s Moral Development Theory

Year 2014, Volume: 12 Issue: 28, 69 - 99, 01.12.2014

Semra Çinemre

Abstract

Keywords

Lawrence Kohlberg, Morality, Moral judge, Moral development, Critiques

Kohlberg'in Ahlak Gelişim Teorisine Yönelik Bazı Eleştiriler

Abstract

Kohlberg'in ahlak gelişim teorisi, uluslararası düzeyde kabul gören ve pek çok çalışmaya temel teşkil eden bir teoridir. Bununla birlikte teori, özellikle Batı'da, kendisine meydan okuyan ciddi eleştirilerle de karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Hatta bu eleştirilere karşı savunma eleştirileri yapılmış ve tüm eleştirilerdeki vurgulardan hareketle yeni bazı teoriler daha geliştirilmiştir. Ancak tüm bu gelişmeler Türkiye'deki literatüre henüz girememiştir. Nitekim ülkemizde Kohlberg'in teorisi üzerine yapılan çalışmalar, genellikle ahlak gelişim basamaklarıyla sınırlı kalmış, teorinin eleştiriye açık yönleri göz ardı edilmiştir. Oysa gerek teorinin daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi gerekse bu teoriden hareketle alternatif ahlak teorilerinin geliştirilebilmesi için bu kapsamdaki belli başlı eleştiriler de bilinmelidir. Bu düşünceden yola çıkarak, makalede Kohlberg'in ahlak gelişim teorisine yöneltilen eleştirilerden hareketle, teorinin sorunlu yönlerini ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, özellikle Kohlberg ve çağdaşlarının eserleri taranarak doküman incelemesi yöntemine başvurulmuştur. Araştırma sonunda, Kohlberg'in teorisinin başta teorik, pratik ve dini olmak üzere pek çok açıdan ciddi eleştirilerle karşı karşıya olduğu ortaya konulmuştur.

Keywords

Lawrence Kohlberg, Ahlak, Ahlaki yargı, Ahlak gelişimi, Eleştiriler

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