Tuzlu sulama suyu ve prolin uygulamalarının patatesin (Solanum tuberosum L.) verim, vejatatif ve fizyolojik özellikleri üzerine etkileri

Year 2019, Volume: 36 Issue: 1, 54 - 63, 31.05.2019

Berkant Ödemiş , Dursun Büyüktaş , Mehmet Emin Çalışkan

https://doi.org/10.16882/derim.2018.407736

Cited By: 3

Abstract

Patates (Solanum
tuberosum L.) yaygın olarak yetiştirilen önemli nişasta bitkilerinden
biridir. Bu çalışmada tuzlu su ve prolin içeriğinin verime ve bazı patates
özelliklerine etkileri belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada, elektriksel iletkenliği
0.2 dSm^-1, 3.5 dSm^-1, 7 dSm^-1, 10 dSm^-1
ve 13 dSm^-1 olan sulama suları ile sulanan bitkiye 0 mM, 10 mM, 20
mM konsantrasyonlarında prolin uygulanmıştır. Elektriksel iletkenliği
0.2 dS m^-1 olan musluk suyuna NaCl ilave edilerek farklı
seviyelerde tuzlu sulama suyu elde edilmiştir Tuzlu su uygulamalarında %20 civarında
yıkama suyu eklenmiştir. Çalışma Ocak-Haziran 2010 tarihleri arasında Doğu
Akdeniz (Hatay-Türkiye) koşullarında sera içinde yerleştirilen saksılarda
yürütülmüştür. Kontrol konusuna kıyasla, sulama suyu ve bitki su tüketimi,
toprak tuzluluğuna bağlı olarak, sırasıyla, %4.5-18.9 ve % 3.0-16.0 oranında
azalmıştır. Toprak tuzluluğu toplam yumru veriminde, ortalama yumru
ağırlığında, toplam kuru ağırlıkta, hasat indeksinde ve A Sınıfı olarak
sınıflandırılan patates sayısında azalmaya neden olurken, toplam kuru madde
içeriğinde artışa neden olmuştur. Yüksek tuz stresi konularında prolinin yumru
verimi üzerindeki belirgin etkileri gözlenmemiştir. Artan prolin
konsantrasyonunun etkisi vejatatif ve gaz değişim parametrelerinde daha çok
belirgin olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

Patates, Tuzluluk, Prolin, Yumru verimi, Fotosentez hızı, Stoma iletkenliği

Effects of saline irrigation water and proline applications on yield, vegetative and physiological characteristics of potato crop (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Abstract

Potato
(Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most
important starch crops grown extensively. In this study, the effects of saline
water and proline content on yield and some characteristics of potato were
determined. Proline concentrations of 0 mM (control), 10 mM, and 20 mM were
applied to potato crop irrigated with water with electrical conductivities of
0.2 dSm^-1 (control), 3.5 dSm^-1, 7 dSm^-1
10 dSm^-1 and 13 dSm^-1. Different levels of
saline irrigation water were obtained by adding NaCl into the tap water with an
EC of 0.2 dSm^-1. In the saline water treatments, a leaching
fraction about 20% was applied.  The
study was conducted between January-June 2010 in the pots located in a
greenhouse under the Eastern Mediterranean (Hatay, Turkey) conditions. Compared
to the control treatment, the amount of irrigation water and crop water use
decreased by 4.5%-18.9% and 3.0%-16.0% depending on soil salinity,
respectively. Soil salinity caused a decrease in total tuber yield, mean tuber
weight, total dry weight, harvest index, and number of potatoes classified as
Grade A, whereas it caused an increase in total dry matter content. No distinct
effects of proline on tuber yield were observed in the treatments of higher
salt stress. The effect of increasing proline concentration was mostly
pronounced in the vegetative and gas exchange parameters.

Keywords

Potato, Salinity, Proline, Tuber yield, Photosynthesis rate, Stomatal conductance

References

• Aghaei, K., Akbar Ehsanpour, A., Balali, G., & Mostajeran, A. (2008). In vitro screening of potao (Solanum Tuberosum L.) cultivars for salt tolerance using physiological parameters and RAPD analysis. American-Eurasian Journal Agricultural and Environmental Science, 3(2):159-164.
• Arvin, M.J., & Donnelly, D.J. (2008). Screening potato cultivars and wild species to abiotic stresses using an electrolyte leakage bioassay. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 10(1):33-42.
• Avcıoğlu, R., Demiroğlu, G., Khalvati, M.A., & Geren, H. (2003). Ozmotik basıncın bazı kültür bitkilerinin erken gelişme dönemindeki etkileri II. Prolin klorofil birikimi ve zar dayanıklılığı. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 40(2):9-16.
• Backhausen, J.E., Klein, M., Klocke, M., & Scheibe, R. (2005). Salt tolerance of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. var. Desirée) plants depends on light intensity and air humidity. Plant Science, 169(1):229-237.
• Bek, Y., & Efe, E. (1988). Araştırma ve Deneme Metotları I. Ç.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi. Ders Kitabı: No:71. 395 s.
• Chen, Q., Zhang, W.H., & Liu, Y.L. (1999). Effect of NaCl, glutathione and ascorbic acid on function of tonoplast vesicles iso-lated from barley leaf. Journal of Plant Physiology, 155(6):685-690.
• De, B., & Mukherjee, A.K. (1996). Mercuric chloride induced membrane damage in tomato cultured cells. Biology of Plant, 38(1996): 69-473.
• Demirel, E. (2012). Farklı nitelikteki sulama sularının patates (Solanum tuberosum L.) bitkisinde stoma iletkenliği, klorofil değeri ve verim öğeleri üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi, Hatay.
• El-Khatib, R., Hamerlynck, E.P., Gallardo, F., & Kirby, E.G. (2004). Transgenic poplar characterized by ectopic expression of a pine cytosolic glutamine synthetase gene exhibits enhanced tolerance to water stress. Tree Physiology, 24(7):729-736. FAO, (2002). Potato. FAO No: 21. 40 pp.
• Fidalgo, R., Times, V.C., & Silva, J. (2004). Providing multidimensional and geographical integration based on gdw and metamodels. In proceedings of the Brazilian Symposium on Databases. Brasilia, Brazil, pp. 148-162.
• Ghosh, C.S., Asanuma, K., Kusutani, A., & Toyota, M., (2001). Effect of salt stress on some chemical components and yield potato. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 47(3):467-475.
• Grattan, S.R,, & Grieve, C.M. (1999). Salinity mineral nutrient relations in horticultural crops. Scientia Horticulturae, 78(1-4):127-157.
• Iba, K. (2002). Acclimative response to temperature stress in higher plants: approaches of gene engineering for temperature tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 53(2002):225-245.
• Karakuş, M. (2008). Farklı tuz (NaCl) stresi koşullarında prolin uygulamalarının patateste fizyolojik ve morfolojik özelliklere etkileri. Doktora Tezi, Harran Üniversitesi, Şanlıurfa.
• Katerji, N., Van Hoorn, J.M., Hamdy, A., & Mastrorilli, M. (2003). Salinity effect on crop development and yield, analysis of salt tolerance according to several classification methods. Agricultural Water Management, 62(1):37-66.
• Khrais, T., Leclerc, Y., & Donnelly, D.J. (1998). Relative salinity tolerance of potato cultivars assessed by in vitro screening. American Journal of Potato Research. 75(5):207-210.
• Kirk, W.W., Rocha, A.B., Hollosy, S.I., Hammerschimidt, R., & Wharton. P.S. (2006). Effect of soil salinity on internal browning of potato tuber tissue in two soil types. American Journal of Potato Research, 83(3):223-232.
• Levy, D. (1992). The response of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) to salinity: plant growth and tuber yields in the arid desert of Israel. Annals Applied Biology, 120(3):547-555.
• Levy, D., & Veilleux, E.R. (2007). Adaptation of potato to high temperatures and salinity-A Review. American Journal of Potato Research, 84(6):487-506.
• Martinez, C.A., Maestri, M., & Lani E.G. (1996). In vitro salt tolerance and proline accumulation in Andrean potato (Solanum spp.) differing in frost resistance. Plant Science, 116(2):177-184.
• Nadler, A., & Heuer, B. (1995). Effect of saline irrigation and water deficit on tuber quality. Potato Research, 38(1):119-123.
• Öztürk, L., & Demir, Y. (2002). in vivo and in vitro protective role of proline. Plant Growth Regulation, 38(39):259-264.
• Prathapar, S.A., & Qureshi, A.S. (1999). Modelling the effects of deficit irrigation on soil salinity, dept to water table and transpiration in semiarid zones with monsoonal rains. International Journal of Water Resources Development. 15(1-2):141-159.
• Rahman, H.U., Maalik, S.A., & Saleem, M. (2003). Heat tolerance of upland cotton during the fruiting stage using cellular thermostability. Field Crop Research, 85(2-3):149-158.
• Rahnama, H., & Ebrahimzadeh, H. (2004). The effect of NaCl on proline accumulation in potato seedling and calli. Acta Physiolagiae Plantarum, 26(3):263-270.
• Rosenthal, W.D., Arkin, G.F., Shouse, P.J., & Jordan, W.R. (1987). Water deficit effects on transpiration and leaf growth. Agronomy Journal, 79(6):1019-1026.
• Schittenhelm, S., Hartmann, M.U., & Oldenburg, E. (2004). Photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism and yield of phytochrome-B- overexpressing potatoes under different light regimes. Crop Science, 44(1):131-143.
• Sluc, R.M., Albrecht, K., & Duke, S.H. (1991). Leakage of intracellular substances as an indicator of freezing injury in alfalfa. Crop Science, 31(2):430-435.
• Velasquez, B., Balzarini, M., & Taleisnik, E. (2005). Salt tolerance variability among Argentine Andean potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. subsp andigena). Potato Research, 48(1-2):59-67.
• van Hoorn, J.W., Katerji, N., Hamdy, A., &Mastrorilli, M. (1993). Effect of saline water on soil salinity and on water, stress, growth and yield of wheat and potatoes. Agricultural Water Management, 23(3):247-265.
• Yeo, A.R., Lee, K.S., Izard, P., Boursier, P.J., & Flowers, T.J. (1991). Short and long term effects of salinity on leaf growth in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Experimental Botany, 42(24):881-889.
• Yürekli, F., Topçuoğlu, Ş.F., & Bozcuk, S. (1996). Tuz stresinin konsantrasyonuna ve zamana bağlı olarak ayçiçeği yapraklarında prolin birikimine etkisi. Turkish Journal of Biology, 20(3):163-169.
• Zhang, W., Zheng, R., Zhang, B., Yu, W., & Shen, X. (1993). An observation on flash evoked cortical potential sand Qi Gongmeditation. American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 21(3-4):243-249.