CONCENTRATION AND COMPETITION OF CONTAINER PORTS IN TURKEY: A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

Year 2014, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 91 - 110, 04.11.2015

Seçil Varan A.güldem Cerit

https://doi.org/10.18613/deudfd.91502

Cited By: 3

Abstract

Literature implies that in developing countries, the level and nature
of public investments should be adjusted to stimulate private investments for
economic growth. This study aims to assess the outcome of Turkey’s recent
privatization process by analyzing the industry concentration and
competition in the specific context of container ports. For this purpose, the
concentration dynamics of Turkish container ports are examined by applying
statistical measures of market concentration and competition throughout the
port privatization period. The statistical findings of this study suggest that the
recent port privatizations have been successful in stimulating private
investments and competition. However, for the post-privatization
performance, macro-economic and institutional factors are influential.
Therefore, the continuous improvements in the port policy and regulatory
framework are required for using the competitive advantage of the
newcomers to the sector as a future advantage for Turkey’s global
competitiveness.

Keywords

Public-private investment, container ports, concentration, competition, turkey

TÜRKİYE’DEKİ KONTEYNER LİMANLARINDA YOĞUNLAŞMA VE REKABET: İSTATİSTİKSEL BİR ANALİZ

Abstract

Araştırmalara göre, gelişmekte olan ülkelerde ekonomik büyümenin sağlanması için, kamu yatırımlarının mahiyeti, özel sektör yatırımlarını teşvik edecek şekilde ayarlanmalıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’deki güncel özelleştirme sürecini, konteyner limanları açısından değerlendirmektir. Bu amaçla, Türkiye’deki konteyner limanlarındaki yoğunlaşma eğilimleri ve rekabet şartları, özelleştirme dönemi boyunca, istatistiksel ölçütler ile incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre, Türkiye’deki limanların özelleştirilmesi süreci, özel sektör yatırımlarının teşviki açısından başarılıdır. Ancak, özelleştirme sonrası liman performansında makroekonomik ve kurumsal faktörler önemlidir. Bu nedenle, sektöre yeni giren yatırımcıların rekabet avantajlarının Türkiye için küresel bir rekabet gücüne dönüşebilmesinde liman politikaları ve sektörel düzenlemelerin sürekli gelişimi gerekmektedir

Keywords

Kamu-özel sektör yatırımları, konteyner limanları, yoğunlaşma, rekabet, türkiye

References

• BIKKER, J.A., HAAF, K. (2002) Competition, Concentration and
• Their Relationship: An Empirical Analysis of the Banking Industry,
• Journal of Banking and Finance, Vol. 26, pp. 2191-2214.
• BOUBAKRI, N., COSSET, J., GUEDMANI, O. (2005)
• Liberalization, Corporate Governance, and the Performance of Newly
• Privatized Firms, Journal of Corporate Finance, Vol. 11, pp.767-790.
• CHEN, S., LIAO, C. (2011) Are Foreign Banks more Profitable than
• Domestic Banks? Home- and Host-country Effects of Banking Market
• Structure, Governance, and Supervision, Journal of Banking and
• Finance, Vol. 35, pp. 819-839.
• CULLINANE, K., SONG, D.W. (2002) Port Privatization and
• Practice, Transport Reviews, Vol. 22, No.1, pp. 55-75.
• ÇAĞLAR, V., ESMER, S., ORAL, E. Z. (2010) Özelleştirme ve
• Özelleştirme Aşamasında Olan Limanların Sektörel İncelenmesi, 8.
• Türkiye’nin Kıyı ve Deniz Alanları Ulusal Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı,
• pp. 925-935.
• DJANKOV, S., MURRELL, P. (2002) Enterprise Restructuring in
• Transition: a Quantitative Survey, Journal of Economic Literature,
• Vol. 40, pp.739-792.
• D’SOUZA, J., MEGGINSON, W.L., NASH, R.C. (2005) Why do
• Privatized Firms Improve Performance? Evidence from Developed
• Countries, Journal of Corporate Finance, Vol. 11, pp.747-766.
• ESTACHE, A., GONZALES, M., TRUJILLO, L. (2002) Efficiency
• Gains from Port Reform and the Potential for Yardstick Competition:
• Lessons from Mexico, World Development, Vol. 30, pp. 545-560.
• FAGEDA, X. (2011) Load Centers in the Mediterranenen Port
• Range: Ports Hub and Ports Gateway. 40th Congress of the European
• Regional Science Association, Barselona.
• FLEMING, D., BAIRD, A. (1999) Comment. Some Reflections on
• Port Competition in the United States and Western Europe, Maritime
• Policy and Management, Vol. 26, pp. 383-394.
• HARALAMBIDES, H. E. (2002) Competition, Excess Capacity and
• the Pricing of Port Infrastructure, International Journal of Maritime
• Economics, Vol. 4, pp. 323-347.
• HEAVER, T. (1995) The Implications of Increased Competition
• among Ports for Port Policy and Management, Maritime Policy and
• Management, Vol. 27, pp. 125-133.
• HEAVER, T., MEERSMAN, H., Van De Voorde, E. (2001) Cooperation
• and Competition in International Container Transport:
• Strategies for Ports, Maritime Policy and Management, Vol. 28, pp.
• -305.
• JIMENEZ, G., SALAZ, V., SAURINA, J. (2006) Determinants of
• Collateral, Journal of Financial Economic, Vol. 81, pp. 255-281.
• KHAN, M., KUMAR, M.S. (1997) Public and Private Investment and
• the Growth Process in Developing Countries, Oxford Bulletin of
• Economics and Statistics, Vol. 59, pp. 69-88.
• LIU, N., GAN, H., CHEN, S. (2011) An Analysis of the Competition
• of Ports in the Shanghai International Shipping Hub, National
• University of Singapore, Working Paper.
• MICCO, A., PÉREZ, N. (2002) Determinants of Maritime Transport
• Costs, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department,
• Working Paper 441.
• NAGORSKY, B. (1972) Port Problems in Developing Countries:
• Principles of Port Planning and Organisation, International
• Association of Ports and Harbours, Tokyo.
• NEWBERY, D., POLLITT, M. (1997) The Restructuring and
• Privatization of Britain’s CEGB: Was it Worth it?, Journal of
• Industrial Economics, Vol. 45, pp. 269-303.
• NIEKERK, H. C. (2005) Port Reform and Concessioning in
• Developing Countries, Maritime Economics & Logistics, Vol. 7, pp.
• -155.
• NOTTEBOOM, T.E. (1997) Concentration and Load Centre
• Development in the European container port system”, Journal of
• Transport Geography, Vol.5,No.2, pp. 99-115.
• NOTTEBOOM, T.E. (2010) Concentration and the Formation of
• Multi‐Port Gateway Regions in the European Container Port System:an Update, Journal of Transport Geography, Vol. 18 (4), pp.567‐583.
• NOTTEBOOM, T.E. (2012) Dynamics in Port Competition in
• Europe: Implications for North Italian ports, Workshop ‘I porti del
• Nord’, Milano, 18 April 2012.
• ORAL, E.Z., KİŞİ, H., CERİT, A.G., TUNA, O., ESMER, S. (2007)
• Port Governance in Turkey, Chapter 8 in Devolution, Port
• Governance and Port Performance, eds. Mary R. Brooks and Kevin
• Cullinane, Research in Transportation Economics Vol.17, Elsevier,
• The Netherlands, pp. 171-184.
• SLACK, B., FREMONT, A. (2005) Transformation of Port Terminal
• Operations: From the Local to the Global, Transport Reviews, Vol. 25,
• pp. 117-130.
• TONGZON, J., HENG W. (2005) Port Privatization, Efficiency and
• Competitiveness: Some Empirical Evidence from Container Ports
• (terminals), Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice,
• Vol. 39, pp. 405-424.
• TÜRKLİM (Türkiye Liman İşletmecileri Derneği) (2012) TÜRKLİM
• Limancılık Sektörü Raporu, İstanbul.
• WILLIAMS, B. (2003) Domestic and International Determinants of
• Bank Profits: Foreign Banks in Australia, Journal of Banking and
• Finance, Vol. 27, pp. 1185-1210.
• ZHANG, A., ZHANG, Y., ZHAO, R. (2001) Impact of Ownership
• and Competition on the Productivity of Chinese Enterprises, Journal
• of Comparative Economics, Vol. 29, pp. 327-346.
• http://www.ubak.gov.tr
• http://www.turklim.org/tr/liman/liste