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Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımları Belirleyen Temel Unsurlar

Year 2017, Volume: 32 Issue: 2, 15 - 45, 04.12.2017

Hayriye Başcı Nur , İlkay Dilber

https://doi.org/10.24988/deuiibf.2017322551

Abstract

Küreselleşme sürecinin ortaya çıkardığı en önemli olgulardan biri, ülkelere orta ve uzun vadeli sermaye ve teknoloji getiren doğrudan yabancı yatırımlardır (DYY). Araştırmanın amacı, gelişmekte olan ülkelere yönelik DYY’yi çeken belirleyicilerin neler olduğunun açıklanmasıdır. Bu amaçla DYY kavramı üzerinde durulmuş ve DYY’nin temel belirleyicileri irdelenmiştir. 18 gelişmekte olan ülkeye ait DYY girişleri üzerinde etkili olduğu düşünülen 12 farklı değişken, 1996–2014 dönemi için panel veri yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda, yolsuzluk kontrolü, dışa açıklık oranı, teknoloji, toplam işgücü ve hukukun üstünlüğü değişkenlerinin DYY girişlerini olumlu yönde etkilediği, borç stoku, gayri safi sabit sermaye ve altyapı değişkenin ise DYY girişlerini olumsuz yönde etkilediği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Keywords

Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırım Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler Panel Veri

References

  • AGARWAL, J. P., (1980), “Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment: A Surve”, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 116(4): 739-773.
  • AL-SADIG, A. (2009), “The Effects of Corruption on FDI Inflows”, Cato Journal, 29(2): 267-294.
  • ASIEDU, E. (2002), “On the Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment to Developing Countries: Is Africa Different?”. World Development. 30 (1): 107-119.
  • ASIEDU, E. (2006), “Foreign Direct Investment in Africa: The Role of Natural Resources, Market Size, Government Policy, Institutions and Political Instability”, The World Economy, 29(1): 63–77.
  • BALTAGI, B. H. (2008), Econometric Analysis of Panel Data. Chichester. John Wiley and Sons Ltd. 4th Edition.
  • BAL, H. VE GÖZ, D. (2010), “Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları ve Türkiye”, Ç.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 19 (2):450-467.
  • BANDERA, V.N., WHITE, J.T. (1968), U.S. “Direct Investments and Domestic Markets in Europe”, Economica Internazionale, 21:117- 133.
  • BATMAZ, N. ,TUNCA H. (2005), Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları ve Türkiye (1923–2003), Beta, İstanbul.
  • BEVAN, A.A., ESTRIN, S. (2004), “The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment into European Transition Economies”, Journal of Comparative Economics. 32: 775-787.
  • BREUSCH, T. S., PAGAN, A. R. (1980), “The Lagrange Multiplier Test and Its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics”, Review of Economic Studies, 47 (1):239-253.
  • CHAKRABARTI, A.(2001), “ The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment: Sensitivity Analyses of Cross-Country Regression” Kyklos, 54(1):89-114.
  • ÇAK, M., KARAKAŞ, M. (2009), “ Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımlarını Belirleyen Unsurlar ve Etkileri”, Marmara Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 26 (1):43-54.
  • DPT.(2000), “Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları Özel İhtisas Komisyonu Raporu. VIII. Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planı” Yayın No: DPT:2514-ÖİK:532, Ankara. www.kalkinma.gov.tr (12.02.2013).
  • DUNNING, J.H. (1988), Explaining International Production. Unwin Hyman, London.
  • DUNNING, J.H. (1981), “Explaining the International Direct Investment Position of Countries: Towards a Dynamic or Developmental Approach”, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 117: 30-64.
  • EROĞLU, N. (2002), Küreselleşme: İktisadi Yönelimler ve Sosyopolitik Karşıtlıklar, Om Yayınevi, Derleyen: Aklan Soyak, İstanbul.
  • HABIB, M., ZURAWICKI L. (2002), “Corruption and Foreign Direct Investment”, Journal of International Business Studies, 33(2):291-307.
  • HADRI, K., KUROZUMI, E. (2012), “A Simple Panel Stationarity Test in The Presence of Serial Correlation and A Common Factor”, Economics Letters, 115:31-34.
  • IM, K. L., PESARAN, M. H., SHIN, Y. (2003), “Testing for Unit Roots in Heterogeneous Panels”, Journal of Econometrics, 115: 53–74.
  • IMF (2015), “World Economic Outlook Ekim 2015: Adjusting to Lower Commodity Pricesworld”, International Monetary Fund, Publication Services. Washington, ABD. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2015/02/pdf/text.pdf, (18.11.2015).
  • JANICKI, H.P., WUNNAVA, P.V.(2004), “Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment: Empirical Evidence From EU Accession Candidates”, Applied Economics, 36: 505-509.
  • KAR, M., TATLISÖZ, F. (2008), “ Türkiye’de Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Hareketlerini Belirleyen Faktörlerin Ekonometrik Analizi”, KMU İİBF Dergisi, 10 (14): 1-23.
  • KARAGÖZ, K. (2007), “Türkiye’de Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırım Girişlerini Belirleyen Faktörler: 1970:2005”, Journal of Yasar University. 2(8): 927-948.
  • KIRKPATRICK, C., PARKER D.,ZHANG, Y. (2006), “Foreign Direct Investment in Infrastructure in Developing Countries: Does Regulation Make a Difference?”, Transnational Corporation, 15 (1): 143–171.
  • KÖK R.,AÇIKGÖZ B. (2009), “Analyses of FDI Determinants in Developing Countries”, International Journal of Social Economics, 36 (1/2): 105-123.
  • LEBE, F. S., ERSUNGUR M. (2011), “Türkiye’de Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımını Etkileyen Ekonomik Faktörlerin Ampirik Analizi” Atatürk Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi 10. Ekonometri ve İstatistik Sempozyumu Özel Sayısı, 2011: 321-339.
  • LEVIN, A., LIN, C. F. VE CHU, C. J. (2002), “Unit Root Tests in Panel Data: Asymptotic and Finite Sample Properties”, Journal of Econometrics, 108:1- 24
  • MİKE, F., ORANSAY G. (2015), Altyapı ve İnovasyon Değişimlerinin Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar Üzerine Etkisi: Türkiye Üzerine Ampirik Bir Uygulama, Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3 (12): 372-381.
  • NUNNEKAMP, P. (2002), “To What Extent Can Foreign Direct Investment Help Achieve International Development Goals?”, Kiel Institute for World Economics, 1128:1-50.
  • OECD (2008), “Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment Fourth Edition” http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investmentstatisticsandanalysis/40193734.pdf (23.05.2013).
  • ONYEIWU, S., SHRESTHA H. (2004), “Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Africa”, Journal of Developing Societies, 20 (1-2): 89-106.
  • ÖZCAN, B., ARI, A. (2010), “Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımların Belirleyicileri Üzerine Bir Analiz: OECD Örneği” İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi Ekonometri ve İstatistik Dergisi, 12/2010: 65-88.
  • PESARAN, M. H., SHİN, Y.,SMITH, R. J. (1999), “Pooled Mean Group Estimation of Dynamic Heterogeneous Panels”, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 94:621–634.
  • PESARAN, M. H. (1997), “The Role of Economic Theory In Modelling The Long Run”, The Economic Journal,107 (440):178-191.
  • PESARAN, M. H. (2007), “A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in The Presence of Cross-Section Dependence” Journal of Applied Econometrics,22:265-312.
  • PESARAN, M. H. (2004), “General Diagnostic Tests For Cross Section Dependence in Panels”, Cambridge Working Papers in Economics Working Paper 1229:1-43.
  • PESARAN, M. H., YAMAGATA, T. (2008), “Testing Slope Homogeneity in Large Panels” Journal of Econometric,142 (1):50-93.
  • ROOT, F. VE AHMED, A. (1979), “ Empirical Determinants of Manufacturing Direct Foreign Investment in Developing Countries, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 27:751-767.
  • ROSENSTEIN- RODAN, P.N. (1961), “International Aid For Underdeveloped Countries. Center For International Studies. Massachusetts Institute of Technology”,Cambridge. https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/83066/14907684.pdf?sequence=1 (11.03.2013).
  • SCHNEİDER, F., FREY, B. (1985). “Economic and Political Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment,” World Development, 13: 161-175.
  • SEYİDOĞLU, H. (2001), Uluslararası Finans. Güzem Yayınları. Geliştirilmiş 3. Baskı No:16. İstanbul.
  • UNCTAD, (1998), “World Investment Report 1998. Trends and Determinants”, United Nations New York and Geneva, http://unctad.org/en/Docs/wir1998_en.pdf (12.02.2014).
  • UNCTAD, (2005), “World Investment Report 2005 Transnational Corporations and the Internationalization of R&D”, United Nations New York and Geneva,http://unctad.org/en/docs/wir2005_en.pdf (8.03.2015).
  • UNCTAD, (2007), “ World Investment Report 2007”, Transnational Corporations, Extractive Industries and Development. United Nations New York and Geneva.http://unctad.org/en/docs/wir2007_en.pdf (8.03.2015).
  • UNCTAD, (2008), “World Investment Report 2008. Transnational Corporations, and the Infrastructure Challenge”, United Nations New York and Geneva.http://unctad.org/en/docs/wir2008_en.pdf (8.03.2015).
  • UNCTAD, (2011), “World Investment Report 2011. Non-Equity Modes of International Production and Development” United Nations New York and Geneva, http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/wir2011_en.pdf (8.03.2015).
  • UNCTAD, (2012), “World Investment Report 2012. Towards a New Generation of Investment Policies”, United Nations New York and Geneva.http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/wir2012_embargoed_en.pdf (8.03.2015).
  • UNCTAD, (2013), “World Investment Report 2013 Global Value Chains: Investment and Trade for Development” United Nations New York and Geneva, http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/wir2013_en.pdf (8.03.2015).
  • UNCTAD, (2015), “World Investment Report 2015. Reforming International Investment Governance”, United Nations New York and Geneva, http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/wir2015_en.pdf (8.03.2015).
  • WESTERLUND, J. (2006), “Testing for Panel Cointegration with Multiple Structural Breaks”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics & Statistics, 68:101-32.
  • WESTERLUND, J. (2007). “Testing for Error Correction in Panel Data” Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics,69(6):709–748.
  • YAPRAKLI, S. (2006), “Türkiye’de Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımların Ekonomik Belirleyicileri Üzerine Ekonometrik Bir Analiz”, D.E.Ü. İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 21 (2): 33-48.
  • YASED, (2013),” Uluslararası Doğrudan Yatırımlar Değerlendirme Raporu- 2012 Yılsonu” No:4. http://www.yased.org.tr/ (17.02.2015).

The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries

Year 2017, Volume: 32 Issue: 2, 15 - 45, 04.12.2017

Hayriye Başcı Nur , İlkay Dilber

https://doi.org/10.24988/deuiibf.2017322551

Abstract

One of the most important phenomenon of globalization process, is foreign direct investments (FDI) that brings medium and long term funds and technology to the countries. The main purpose of this research is to explain the specifications of the developing countries that attract foreign direct investments. For this purpose, the concept of FDI was being focused on and the determinants of FDI were examined. 12 different variables of 18 developing countries which are considered to have an effect on FDI inflow in 1996-2014 of were analyzed with panel data method. At the end of the study we concluded that while control of corruption, openness to trade, technology, total labor and rule of law variables affects FDI inflows positively and total debt service, gross fixed capital formation and infrastructure variables affects FDI negatively.

Keywords

Foreign Direct Investment Developing Countries Panel Data Analysis

References

  • AGARWAL, J. P., (1980), “Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment: A Surve”, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 116(4): 739-773.
  • AL-SADIG, A. (2009), “The Effects of Corruption on FDI Inflows”, Cato Journal, 29(2): 267-294.
  • ASIEDU, E. (2002), “On the Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment to Developing Countries: Is Africa Different?”. World Development. 30 (1): 107-119.
  • ASIEDU, E. (2006), “Foreign Direct Investment in Africa: The Role of Natural Resources, Market Size, Government Policy, Institutions and Political Instability”, The World Economy, 29(1): 63–77.
  • BALTAGI, B. H. (2008), Econometric Analysis of Panel Data. Chichester. John Wiley and Sons Ltd. 4th Edition.
  • BAL, H. VE GÖZ, D. (2010), “Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları ve Türkiye”, Ç.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 19 (2):450-467.
  • BANDERA, V.N., WHITE, J.T. (1968), U.S. “Direct Investments and Domestic Markets in Europe”, Economica Internazionale, 21:117- 133.
  • BATMAZ, N. ,TUNCA H. (2005), Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları ve Türkiye (1923–2003), Beta, İstanbul.
  • BEVAN, A.A., ESTRIN, S. (2004), “The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment into European Transition Economies”, Journal of Comparative Economics. 32: 775-787.
  • BREUSCH, T. S., PAGAN, A. R. (1980), “The Lagrange Multiplier Test and Its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics”, Review of Economic Studies, 47 (1):239-253.
  • CHAKRABARTI, A.(2001), “ The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment: Sensitivity Analyses of Cross-Country Regression” Kyklos, 54(1):89-114.
  • ÇAK, M., KARAKAŞ, M. (2009), “ Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımlarını Belirleyen Unsurlar ve Etkileri”, Marmara Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 26 (1):43-54.
  • DPT.(2000), “Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları Özel İhtisas Komisyonu Raporu. VIII. Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planı” Yayın No: DPT:2514-ÖİK:532, Ankara. www.kalkinma.gov.tr (12.02.2013).
  • DUNNING, J.H. (1988), Explaining International Production. Unwin Hyman, London.
  • DUNNING, J.H. (1981), “Explaining the International Direct Investment Position of Countries: Towards a Dynamic or Developmental Approach”, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 117: 30-64.
  • EROĞLU, N. (2002), Küreselleşme: İktisadi Yönelimler ve Sosyopolitik Karşıtlıklar, Om Yayınevi, Derleyen: Aklan Soyak, İstanbul.
  • HABIB, M., ZURAWICKI L. (2002), “Corruption and Foreign Direct Investment”, Journal of International Business Studies, 33(2):291-307.
  • HADRI, K., KUROZUMI, E. (2012), “A Simple Panel Stationarity Test in The Presence of Serial Correlation and A Common Factor”, Economics Letters, 115:31-34.
  • IM, K. L., PESARAN, M. H., SHIN, Y. (2003), “Testing for Unit Roots in Heterogeneous Panels”, Journal of Econometrics, 115: 53–74.
  • IMF (2015), “World Economic Outlook Ekim 2015: Adjusting to Lower Commodity Pricesworld”, International Monetary Fund, Publication Services. Washington, ABD. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2015/02/pdf/text.pdf, (18.11.2015).
  • JANICKI, H.P., WUNNAVA, P.V.(2004), “Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment: Empirical Evidence From EU Accession Candidates”, Applied Economics, 36: 505-509.
  • KAR, M., TATLISÖZ, F. (2008), “ Türkiye’de Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Hareketlerini Belirleyen Faktörlerin Ekonometrik Analizi”, KMU İİBF Dergisi, 10 (14): 1-23.
  • KARAGÖZ, K. (2007), “Türkiye’de Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırım Girişlerini Belirleyen Faktörler: 1970:2005”, Journal of Yasar University. 2(8): 927-948.
  • KIRKPATRICK, C., PARKER D.,ZHANG, Y. (2006), “Foreign Direct Investment in Infrastructure in Developing Countries: Does Regulation Make a Difference?”, Transnational Corporation, 15 (1): 143–171.
  • KÖK R.,AÇIKGÖZ B. (2009), “Analyses of FDI Determinants in Developing Countries”, International Journal of Social Economics, 36 (1/2): 105-123.
  • LEBE, F. S., ERSUNGUR M. (2011), “Türkiye’de Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımını Etkileyen Ekonomik Faktörlerin Ampirik Analizi” Atatürk Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi 10. Ekonometri ve İstatistik Sempozyumu Özel Sayısı, 2011: 321-339.
  • LEVIN, A., LIN, C. F. VE CHU, C. J. (2002), “Unit Root Tests in Panel Data: Asymptotic and Finite Sample Properties”, Journal of Econometrics, 108:1- 24
  • MİKE, F., ORANSAY G. (2015), Altyapı ve İnovasyon Değişimlerinin Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar Üzerine Etkisi: Türkiye Üzerine Ampirik Bir Uygulama, Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3 (12): 372-381.
  • NUNNEKAMP, P. (2002), “To What Extent Can Foreign Direct Investment Help Achieve International Development Goals?”, Kiel Institute for World Economics, 1128:1-50.
  • OECD (2008), “Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment Fourth Edition” http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investmentstatisticsandanalysis/40193734.pdf (23.05.2013).
  • ONYEIWU, S., SHRESTHA H. (2004), “Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Africa”, Journal of Developing Societies, 20 (1-2): 89-106.
  • ÖZCAN, B., ARI, A. (2010), “Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımların Belirleyicileri Üzerine Bir Analiz: OECD Örneği” İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi Ekonometri ve İstatistik Dergisi, 12/2010: 65-88.
  • PESARAN, M. H., SHİN, Y.,SMITH, R. J. (1999), “Pooled Mean Group Estimation of Dynamic Heterogeneous Panels”, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 94:621–634.
  • PESARAN, M. H. (1997), “The Role of Economic Theory In Modelling The Long Run”, The Economic Journal,107 (440):178-191.
  • PESARAN, M. H. (2007), “A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in The Presence of Cross-Section Dependence” Journal of Applied Econometrics,22:265-312.
  • PESARAN, M. H. (2004), “General Diagnostic Tests For Cross Section Dependence in Panels”, Cambridge Working Papers in Economics Working Paper 1229:1-43.
  • PESARAN, M. H., YAMAGATA, T. (2008), “Testing Slope Homogeneity in Large Panels” Journal of Econometric,142 (1):50-93.
  • ROOT, F. VE AHMED, A. (1979), “ Empirical Determinants of Manufacturing Direct Foreign Investment in Developing Countries, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 27:751-767.
  • ROSENSTEIN- RODAN, P.N. (1961), “International Aid For Underdeveloped Countries. Center For International Studies. Massachusetts Institute of Technology”,Cambridge. https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/83066/14907684.pdf?sequence=1 (11.03.2013).
  • SCHNEİDER, F., FREY, B. (1985). “Economic and Political Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment,” World Development, 13: 161-175.
  • SEYİDOĞLU, H. (2001), Uluslararası Finans. Güzem Yayınları. Geliştirilmiş 3. Baskı No:16. İstanbul.
  • UNCTAD, (1998), “World Investment Report 1998. Trends and Determinants”, United Nations New York and Geneva, http://unctad.org/en/Docs/wir1998_en.pdf (12.02.2014).
  • UNCTAD, (2005), “World Investment Report 2005 Transnational Corporations and the Internationalization of R&D”, United Nations New York and Geneva,http://unctad.org/en/docs/wir2005_en.pdf (8.03.2015).
  • UNCTAD, (2007), “ World Investment Report 2007”, Transnational Corporations, Extractive Industries and Development. United Nations New York and Geneva.http://unctad.org/en/docs/wir2007_en.pdf (8.03.2015).
  • UNCTAD, (2008), “World Investment Report 2008. Transnational Corporations, and the Infrastructure Challenge”, United Nations New York and Geneva.http://unctad.org/en/docs/wir2008_en.pdf (8.03.2015).
  • UNCTAD, (2011), “World Investment Report 2011. Non-Equity Modes of International Production and Development” United Nations New York and Geneva, http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/wir2011_en.pdf (8.03.2015).
  • UNCTAD, (2012), “World Investment Report 2012. Towards a New Generation of Investment Policies”, United Nations New York and Geneva.http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/wir2012_embargoed_en.pdf (8.03.2015).
  • UNCTAD, (2013), “World Investment Report 2013 Global Value Chains: Investment and Trade for Development” United Nations New York and Geneva, http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/wir2013_en.pdf (8.03.2015).
  • UNCTAD, (2015), “World Investment Report 2015. Reforming International Investment Governance”, United Nations New York and Geneva, http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/wir2015_en.pdf (8.03.2015).
  • WESTERLUND, J. (2006), “Testing for Panel Cointegration with Multiple Structural Breaks”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics & Statistics, 68:101-32.
  • WESTERLUND, J. (2007). “Testing for Error Correction in Panel Data” Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics,69(6):709–748.
  • YAPRAKLI, S. (2006), “Türkiye’de Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımların Ekonomik Belirleyicileri Üzerine Ekonometrik Bir Analiz”, D.E.Ü. İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 21 (2): 33-48.
  • YASED, (2013),” Uluslararası Doğrudan Yatırımlar Değerlendirme Raporu- 2012 Yılsonu” No:4. http://www.yased.org.tr/ (17.02.2015).
There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Hayriye Başcı Nur

İlkay Dilber

Publication Date December 4, 2017
Acceptance Date July 2, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 32 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Nur, H. B., & Dilber, İ. (2017). Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımları Belirleyen Temel Unsurlar. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 32(2), 15-45. https://doi.org/10.24988/deuiibf.2017322551
AMA Nur HB, Dilber İ. Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımları Belirleyen Temel Unsurlar. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. December 2017;32(2):15-45. doi:10.24988/deuiibf.2017322551
Chicago Nur, Hayriye Başcı, and İlkay Dilber. “Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımları Belirleyen Temel Unsurlar”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 32, no. 2 (December 2017): 15-45. https://doi.org/10.24988/deuiibf.2017322551.
EndNote Nur HB, Dilber İ (December 1, 2017) Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımları Belirleyen Temel Unsurlar. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 32 2 15–45.
IEEE H. B. Nur and İ. Dilber, “Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımları Belirleyen Temel Unsurlar”, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 15–45, 2017, doi: 10.24988/deuiibf.2017322551.
ISNAD Nur, Hayriye Başcı - Dilber, İlkay. “Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımları Belirleyen Temel Unsurlar”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 32/2 (December 2017), 15-45. https://doi.org/10.24988/deuiibf.2017322551.
JAMA Nur HB, Dilber İ. Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımları Belirleyen Temel Unsurlar. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2017;32:15–45.
MLA Nur, Hayriye Başcı and İlkay Dilber. “Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımları Belirleyen Temel Unsurlar”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 32, no. 2, 2017, pp. 15-45, doi:10.24988/deuiibf.2017322551.
Vancouver Nur HB, Dilber İ. Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımları Belirleyen Temel Unsurlar. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2017;32(2):15-4.
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