FLÖRT İLİŞKİLERİNDE ŞİDDETİN NEDENLERİ: BİR ÖLÇEK UYARLAMA ÇALIŞMASI

Year 2024, Volume: 26 Issue: 2, 762 - 784, 15.06.2024

Güleycan Akgöz Aktaş , Arzu Aydın Acı

https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1281311

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı flört ilişkilerindeki şiddet nedenlerini çiftlerin öz-bildirimi ile değerlendiren bir ölçeğin Türkçeye uyarlanmasıdır. Bu kapsamda Yakın İlişkilerde Şiddetin Nedenleri Ölçeğinin psikometrik özellikleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmaya yaş ortalaması 22.34 (S =1.80) olan, 157’si kadın 132’si erkek toplam 289 üniversite öğrencisi katılmıştır. Ölçeğin faktör yapısı Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi ile incelenmiş, iki faktörlü yapı (içe atfedilen nedenler ve dışa atfedilen nedenler) Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi ile doğrulanmıştır. Ölçüt bağıntılı geçerliğin incelenmesi için Çiftler Arası Şiddetin Kabulü Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Güvenirliği test etmek amacıyla ölçeğin Cronbach Alfa güvenirlik katsayıları hesaplanmıştır. Sonuçlar ölçeğin geçerlik ve güvenirliğinin yeterli düzeyde olduğunu göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte çalışmada, kadın ve erkeklerin farklı nedenlerle şiddet gösterdiği bulunmuştur. Şiddetin nedenleri, şiddetin kabulü ve flört şiddeti arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. Katılımcıların bildirdiği şiddet nedenlerinin oranı arttıkça, şiddetin kabulü ve flört şiddetine maruz bırakma da artmaktadır. Ayrıca içe ve dışa atfedilen şiddet nedenlerinin, şiddetin kabulünün ve bazı flört şiddeti alt boyutlarının cinsiyete göre farklılaştığı bulunmuştur. Çalışma sonuçlarının, yakın ilişkilerde bildirilen şiddet nedenlerinin anlaşılması ve şiddetin önlenmesini hedefleyen çeşitli müdahale alanları için katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

Şiddetin nedenleri, Şiddetin kabulü, Flört şiddeti, Geçerlik, Güvenirlik

Supporting Institution

-

Project Number

-

Thanks

-

REASONS FOR VIOLENCE OF DATING RELATIONSHIPS: A SCALE ADAPTATION STUDY

Abstract

This study aims to adapt a scale that evaluates the causes of violence in dating relationships with the couple's self-report. In this context, the psychometric properties of the Reasons for Intimate Partner Violence Scale were examined. A total of 289 university students, 157 female and 132 male, with an average age of 22.34 (SD = 1.80) participated in the study. The scale's factor structure was examined by exploratory factor analysis, and the two-factor structure (internalized and externalized reasons) was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Acceptance of Couples Violence Scale was used for criterion-related validity. The scale's Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficients were calculated to determine internal consistency. The results showed that the validity and reliability of the scale were sufficient. However, it was found that men and women show violence for different reasons in the study The relationships between causes of violence, acceptance of violence, and dating violence are also examined. As the rate of reasons for violence shown in close relationships increases, acceptance of violence and exposure to dating violence also increases. Also, it was found that internalized causes of violence, externalized causes of violence, acceptance of violence, and some dating violence sub-dimensions differ by gender. It is thought that the study's results will contribute to understanding the reasons for violence reported by an intimate partner and for valuable areas of intervention aimed at preventing dating violence.

Keywords

Reasons of violence, Acceptance of violence, Dating violence, Validity, Reliability.

Project Number

-

References

• Aba, Y. A. & Kulakaç, Ö. (2016). Çatışmaların Çözümüne Yaklaşım Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Bakırköy Tıp Dergisi, 12 (1), 33-43. Doi: 10.5350/BTDMJB201612106
• Amar, A. F. (2007). Dating violence: Comparing victims who are also perpetrators with victims who are not. Journal of Forensic Nursing, 3 (1), 35-41. Doi: 10.1111/j.1939-3938.2007.tb00090.x
• Angelone, D. J., Mitchell, D., & Grossi, L. (2015). Men’s perceptions of anacquaintance rape: The role of relationship length, victim resistance, and gender role attitudes. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 30 (13), 2278- 2303. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260514552448
• Angelone, D. J., Mitchell, D., & Lucente, L. (2012). Predicting perceptions of date rape: An examination of perpetrator motivation, relationship length, and gender role beliefs. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27 (13), 2582-2602. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260512436385
• Brem, M. J., Stuart, G. L., Cornelius, T. L., & Shorey, R. C. (2021). A longitudinal examination of alcohol problems and cyber, psychological, and physical dating abuse: The moderating role of emotion dysregulation. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36 (19-20). Doi: 10.1177/0886260519876029
• Caldwell, J. E., Swan, S. C., Allen, C. T., Sullivan, T. P., & Snow, D. L. (2009). Why I hit him: Women's reasons for intimate partner violence. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 18 (7), 672-697. Doi: 10.1080/10926770903231783
• Callahan, M. R., Tolman, R. M., & Saunders, D. G. (2003). Adolescent dating violence victimization and psychological well-being. Journal of Adolescent Research, 18 (6), 664-681. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558403254784
• Chaplin, T. M., Cole, P. M., & Zahn-Waxler, C. (2005). Parental socialization of emotion expression: gender differences and relations to child adjustment. Emotion, 5 (1), 80. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.5.1.80
• Deniz, S., Yüksel, O. (2020). A Study on the Determination of the Reasons for Violence Against Healthcare Workers. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 11 (3), 483-487. http://dx.doi.org/10.17719/jisr.2020.4031
• Elmquist, J., Hamel, J., Febres, J., Zapor, H., Wolford-Clevenger, C., Brem, M., ... & Stuart, G. L. (2016). Motivations for psychological aggression among dating college students. Partner Abuse, 7 (2), 157-168. https://doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.7.2.157
• Elmquist, J., Hamel, J., Shorey, R. C., Labrecque, L., Ninnemann, A., & Stuart, G. L. (2014). Motivations for intimate partner violence in men and women arrested for domestic violence and court referred to batterer intervention programs. Partner Abuse, 5 (4), 359-374. Doi: 10.1891/1946- 6560.5.4.359
• Fidan, F., & Yeşil, Y. (2018). Nedenleri ve sonuçları itibariyle flört şiddeti. Balkan ve Yakın Doğu Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4 (1), 16-24.
• Flynn, A., & Graham, K. (2010). “Why did it happen?” A review and conceptual framework for research on perpetrators' and victims' explanations for intimate partner violence. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 15 (3), 239-51. Doi: 10.1016/j.avb.2010.01.002
• Folger, S., & Wright, M. O. (2013). Altering risk following child maltreatment: Family and friend support as promotive factors. Journal of Family Violence,28, 325–337. Doi: 10.1007/s10896-013-9510-4
• Follingstad, D. R., Wright, S., Lloyd, S., & Sebastian, J. A. (1991). Sex differences in motivations and effects in dating violence. Family Relations, 51-57.
• Foshee, V. A., Fothergill, K., & Stuart, J. (1992). Acceptance of couple violence. (Unpublished). Chapelhill, NC: University of North Carolina.
• Frederick, A. C. (2003). Violence in the dating experiences of college women. University of Pennsylvania.
• Gemici, İ. (2008). İlköğretim kurumlarında şiddetin nedenleri ve önlenmesine ilişkin yönetici ve öğretmen görüşleri (İzmir İli metropol ilçeleri örneği). (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, İzmir.
• Gover, A. R., Kaukinen, C., & Fox, K. A. (2008). The relationship between violence in the family of origin and dating violence among college students. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 23 (12), 1667-1693. Doi: 10.1177/0886260508314330
• Gratz, K. L., Paulson, A., Jakupcak, M., & Tull, M. T. (2009). Exploring the relationship between childhood maltreatment and intimate partner abuse: Gender differences in the mediating role of emotion dysregulation. Violence and Victims, 24 (1), 68-82. Doi: 10.1891/0886-6708.24.1.68
• Hines, D. A., & Malley-Morrison, K. (2001). Psychological effects of partner abuse against men: A neglected research area. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 2 (2), 75. https://doi.org/10.1037/1524-9220.2.2.75
• Jennings, W. G., Okeem, C., Piquero, A. R., Sellers, C. S., Theobald, D., & Farrington, D. P. (2017). Dating and intimate partner violence among young persons ages 15–30: Evidence from a systematic review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 33, 107-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2017.01.007
• Kaukinen, C. (2014). Dating violence among college students: The risk and protective factors. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 15 (4), 283-296. Doi: 10.1177/1524838014521321
• Klimes‐Dougan, B., Brand, A. E., Zahn‐Waxler, C., Usher, B., Hastings, P. D., Kendziora, K., & Garside, R. B. (2007). Parental emotion socialization in adolescence: Differences in sex, age and problem status. Social Development, 16(2), 326-342. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007.00387.x
• Koçak, Y. Ç., & Can, H. Ö. (2019). Flört Şiddeti: Tanımı, Sınıflaması ve Değerlendirmesi. Turkiye Klinikleri Obstetric-Women's Health and Diseases Nursing-Special Topics, 5 (3), 43-53.
• Leisring, P. A. (2013). Physical and emotional abuse in romantic relationships: Motivation for perpetration among college women. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 28 (7), 1437-1454. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260512468236
• Lewis, S. F., & Fremouw, W. (2001). Dating violence: A critical review of the literature. Clinical Psychology Review, 21 (1), 105-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7358(99)00042-2
• Lown, E. A., & Vega, W. A. (2001). Intimate partner violence and health: self-assessed health, chronic health, and somatic symptoms among Mexican American women. Psychosomatic Medicine, 63 (3), 352-360. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-200105000-00004
• Lytton, H., & Romney, D. M. (1991). Parents' differential socialization of boys and girls: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 109 (2), 267. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.109.2.267
• Machado, A., Hines, D., & Matos, M. (2018). Characteristics of intimate partner violence victimization experienced by a sample of Portuguese men. Violence and Victims, 33 (1), 157-175. Doi: 10.1891/0886-6708.33.1.157
• Mıhçıokur, S., & Akın, A. (2015). Flört şiddeti-“şiddet’li sevgi”. Sağlık ve Toplum, 25 (2), 9-15.
• Monson, C. M., & Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J. (2002). Sexual and nonsexual dating violence perpetration: Testing an integrated perpetrator typology. Violence and Victims, 17 (4), 403-428. Doi: 10.1891/vivi.17.4.403.33684
• Öztürk, M., & Gökkaya, V. B. (2022). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Flört Şiddeti Mağduriyetleri ile Mücadele Stratejileri. Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 32 (2), 795-806.
• Purdie, M. P., Abbey, A., & Jacques-Tiura, A. J. (2010). Perpetrators of intimate partner sexual violence: are there unique characteristics associated with making partners have sex without a condom?. Violence Against Women, 16 (10), 1086-1097. Doi: 10.1177/1077801210382859
• Quinlan, A. (2011). Dating violence. Encyclopedia of School Crime and Violence; Finley, LL, Ed.; ABC-CLIO: Santa Barbara, CA, USA, 1, 128-130.
• Ramisetty‐Mikler, S., Goebert, D., Nishimura, S., & Caetano, R. (2006). Dating violence victimization: associated drinking and sexual risk behaviors of Asian, Native Hawaiian, and Caucasian high school students in Hawaii. Journal of School Health, 76 (8), 423-429. Doi: 10.1111/j.1746- 1561.2006.00136.x
• Richards, T. N., & Branch, K. A. (2012). The relationship between social support and adolescent dating violence: A comparison across genders. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27 (8), 1540-1561. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260511425796
• Roberts, T. A., Auinger, P., & Klein, J. D. (2005). Intimate partner abuse and the reproductive health of sexually active female adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 36 (5), 380-385. Doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2004.06.005
• Ross, J. M. (2011), Personality and Situational Correlates of Self-reported Reasons for Intimate Partner Violence among Women versus Men Referred for Batterers' Intervention. Behavioral Sciences & The Law, 29, 711–727. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.1004
• Sezer, Ö. (2008). The adaptation of acceptance of couple violence scale into Turkish: validity and reliability studies. Journal of the Faculty of Education, 9 (16), 1-15.
• Shorey, R. C., Brasfield, H., Febres, J., & Stuart, G. L. (2011). An examination of the association between difficulties with emotion regulation and dating violence perpetration. Journal of Aggressionn, Maltreatment & Trauma, 20 (8), 870-885. Doi: 10.1080/10926771.2011.629342
• Silverman, J. G., Raj, A., Mucci, L. A., & Hathaway, J. E. (2001). Dating violence against adolescent girls and associated substance use, unhealthy weight control, sexual risk behavior, pregnancy, and suicidality. Jama, 286 (5), 572-579. Doi: 10.1001/jama.286.5.572
• Stappenbeck, C. A., Gulati, N. K., & Fromme, K. (2016). Daily associations between alcohol consumption and dating violence perpetration among men and women: Effects of self-regulation. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 77 (1), 150-159. Doi: 10.15288/jsad.2016.77.150
• Straus, M. A. (2004). Prevalence of violence against dating partners by male and female university students worldwide. Violence Against Women, 10 (7), 790-811. https://doi.org/10.1177/107780120426555
• Straus, M. A., Hamby, S. L., Boney-McCoy, S., & Sugarman, D. B. (1996). The revised conflict tactics scales (CTS2) development and preliminary psychometric data. Journal of Family Issues, 17 (3), 283-316. https://doi.org/10.1177/019251396017003001
• Stuart, G. L., Moore, T. M., Hellmuth, J. C., Ramsey, S. E., & Kahler, C. W. (2006). Reasons for intimate partner violence perpetration among arrested women. Violence Against Women, 12 (7), 609-621. Doi: 10.1177/1077801206290173
• Tjaden, P., & Thoennes, N. (2000). Prevalence and consequences of male-to-female and female-to-male intimate partner violence as measured by the National Violence Against Women Survey. Violence Against Women, 6 (2), 142-161. https://doi.org/10.1177/10778010022181769
• Weiner, B. (1972). Attribution theory, achievement motivation, and the educational process. Review of Educational Research, 42 (2), 203-215. https://doi.org/10.2307/1170017
• West, S. G., Finch, J. F., & Curran, P. J. (1995). Structural 297 equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications. Sage Publications, Inc.
• Yamawaki, N. (2007). Rape perception and the function of ambivalent sexism and gender-role traditionality. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 22 (4), 406-423. Doi: 10.1177/0886260506297210