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Nörolojik İzlem Protokolü Kullanımının Beyin Ölümü Tanı Oranlarına Etkisi

Year 2022, Volume: 36 Issue: 3, 277 - 285, 27.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.18614/deutip.1213587

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, akut yapısal beyin hasarı olan komatöz hastalarda nörolojik izlem protokolü kullanımı öncesi ve sonrası beyin ölümü oranlarını karşılaştırmayı amaçladı.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Akut yapısal beyin hasarı ve Glasgow koma skoru ≤8 ile erişkin yoğun bakım ünitelerine kabul edilen komatöz hastalar değerlendirildi. 2018-2019 arası “dönem 1”, nörolojik izlem protokolünün kullanıldığı 2019-2020 arası “dönem 2” olarak incelendi.
Bulgular: Dönem-1’de 92 hasta, dönem-2’de 83 hasta takip edildi. Dönem-1’de klinik beyin ölümü oranı % 3,3 iken dönem-2’de klinik beyin ölümü oranı % 20,5 (p=0,001) idi. Dönem-1’de beyin ölümü deklarasyon oranı % 1,1 iken dönem-2’de beyin ölümü deklarasyon oranı % 13,3 idi (p=0,001). Yoğun bakım mortalitesi ise dönem-2’de daha düşüktü (dönem-1’de % 73,9, dönem-2’de % 60,2), ancak bu düşüklük istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi (p=0,054).
Sonuç: Bu çalışmada nörolojik izlem protokolü uygulanması ile dönem-2’de beyin ölümü deklarasyon oranlarının belirgin olarak arttığı gösterildi. Ayrıca protokol uygulanması ile yoğun bakım mortalitesinde düşüş gözlendi. Bu bulgular ile vardığımız sonuç, akut beyin hasarı olan hastalarda hastanelerin kendi özel stratejilerini geliştirmesi ve komatöz hastaların belirli bir protokol çerçevesinde takip edilmesi faydalı olacağı şeklindedir.

References

  • KAYNAKLAR 1. Mizraji R, Perez-Protto S, Etchegaray A, Castro A, Lander M, Buccino E, et al. Brain death epidemiology in Uruguay and utilization of the Glasgow coma score in acute brain injured patients as a predictor of brain death. Transplant Proc. 2009;41(8):3489-3491. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2009.09.008.
  • 2. de Groot YJ, Jansen NE, Bakker J, Kuiper MA, Aerdts S, Maas AI, et al. Imminent brain death: point of departure for potential heart-beating organ donor recognition. Intensive Care Med. 2010;36(9):1488-1494. doi: 10.1007/s00134-010-1848-y.
  • 3. Karasu D, Yılmaz C, Karaduman İ, Çınar YS, Pekel NB. Beyin Ölümü Olgularının Retrospektif Analizi. Dahili ve Cerrahi Yoğun Bakım Dergisi. 2015;6:23-26. doi: 10.5152/dcbybd.2015.595.
  • 4. Aydın K, Ergan B, Tokur ME, Çalışkan T, Gürsoy G, Savran Y, ve ark. İzmir’de Bir Üniversite Hastanesindeki Organ Donasyonunun Mevcut Durumu: Engellerin ve Gelecekteki Olası Çözümlerin Belirlenmesi. J Turk Soc Intens Care 2019;17:154-160. doi: 10.4274/tybd.galenos.2018.54366.
  • 5. Bustos JL, Surt K, Soratti C. Glasgow coma scale 7 or less surveillance program for brain death identification in Argentina: Epidemiology and outcome. Transplant Proc. 2006;38(10):3697-3699. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.10.046.
  • 6. Escudero D, Valentín MO, Escalante JL, Sanmartín A, Perez-Basterrechea M, de Gea J, et al. Intensive care practices in brain death diagnosis and organ donation. Anaesthesia. 2015;70(10):1130-1139. doi: 10.1111/anae.13065.
  • 7. Bodí MA, Pont T, Sandiumenge A, Oliver E, Gener J, Badía M, et al. Brain death organ donation potential and life support therapy limitation in neurocritical patients. Med Intensiva. 2015;39(6):337-344. doi: 10.1016/j.medin.2014.07.010.
  • 8. Arsava EM, Demirkaya Ş, Dora B, Giray S, Gökçe M, Güler A, ve ark. Turkish Neurological Society- Diagnostic guidelines for brain death. Turk J Neurol 2014;20:101-104.
  • 9. Stevens RD, Nyquist PA. Types of brain dysfunction in critical illness. Neurol Clin. 2008;26(2):469-486. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2008.02.004.
  • 10. Wijdicks EF. Management of the comatose patient. Handb Clin Neurol. 2017;140:117-129. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63600-3.00008-8.
  • 11. Senouci K, Guerrini P, Diene E, Atinault A, Claquin J, Bonnet F, et al. A survey on patients admitted in severe coma: implications for brain death identification and organ donation. Intensive Care Med. 2004;30(1):38-44. doi: 10.1007/s00134-003-1923-8.
  • 12. Örken DN, Sağduyu AK, Şirin H, Işıkara CT, Gökçe M, Sütlaş N. Reliability of the Turkish Version of a New Coma Scale: FOUR Score. Balkan Medical Journal 2010;27(1): 28-31.
  • 13. Andrews PJ, Citerio G, Longhi L, Polderman K, Sahuquillo J, Vajkoczy P; Neuro-Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine (NICEM) Section of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. NICEM consensus on neurological monitoring in acute neurological disease. Intensive Care Med. 2008;34(8):1362-1370. doi: 10.1007/s00134-008-1103-y.
  • 14. Misis M, Raxach JG, Molto HP, Vega SM, Rico PS. Bispectral index monitoring for early detection of brain death. Transplant Proc. 2008;40(5):1279-1281. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.03.145.
  • 15. Jacobsohn E, De Wet C, Tymkew H, Hill L, Avidan M, Levy N, et al. Use of the Patient State Index (PSI) to assist in the diagnosis of perioperative neurological injury and brain death. J Clin Monit Comput. 2005;19(3):219-222. doi: 10.1007/s10877-005-3546-9.
  • 16. Tommasino N, Forteza D, Godino M, Mizraji R, Alvarez I. A model to predict progression in brain-injured patients. Transplant Proc. 2014;46(9):2950-2952. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.07.002.
  • 17. Shevlin C. Optic nerve sheath ultrasound for the bedside diagnosis of intracranial hypertension: pitfalls and potential. Critical Care Horizons 2015;1(1):22-30.
  • 18. Sekhon MS, McBeth P, Zou J, Qiao L, Kolmodin L, Henderson WR, et al. Association between optic nerve sheath diameter and mortality in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Neurocrit

The Effect of Neurological Monitoring Protocol on Brain Death Diagnosis Rates

Year 2022, Volume: 36 Issue: 3, 277 - 285, 27.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.18614/deutip.1213587

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to compare the rates of brain death before and after the use of a neurological monitoring protocol in comatose patients with acute structural brain injury.
Materials and Methods: The comatose patients admitted to adult intensive care units with acute structural brain injury and Glasgow coma score ≤8 were evaluated. The period between 2018-2019 was analyzed as “period 1”, and the period between 2019-2020, where the neurological monitoring protocol was used, as “period 2”.
Results: 92 patients in period-1 and 83 patients in period-2 were followed up. While the clinical brain death rate in period-1 was 3.3%, the clinical brain death rate in period-2 was 20.5% (p=0.001). While the rate of brain death declaration was 1.1% in period-1, the rate of brain death declaration was 13.3% in period-2 (p=0.001). Intensive care unit mortality was lower in period-2 (73.9% in period-1, 60.2% in period-2), but this decrease was not statistically significant (p=0.054).
Conclusion: In this study, it was shown that the rate of brain death declaration in period-2 increased significantly with the use of the neurological monitoring protocol. In addition, a decrease in intensive care unit mortality was observed with the use of the protocol. Our conclusion with these findings is that it would be beneficial for hospitals to develop their own special strategies for patients with acute brain injury and to follow comatose patients within the framework of a certain protocol.

References

  • KAYNAKLAR 1. Mizraji R, Perez-Protto S, Etchegaray A, Castro A, Lander M, Buccino E, et al. Brain death epidemiology in Uruguay and utilization of the Glasgow coma score in acute brain injured patients as a predictor of brain death. Transplant Proc. 2009;41(8):3489-3491. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2009.09.008.
  • 2. de Groot YJ, Jansen NE, Bakker J, Kuiper MA, Aerdts S, Maas AI, et al. Imminent brain death: point of departure for potential heart-beating organ donor recognition. Intensive Care Med. 2010;36(9):1488-1494. doi: 10.1007/s00134-010-1848-y.
  • 3. Karasu D, Yılmaz C, Karaduman İ, Çınar YS, Pekel NB. Beyin Ölümü Olgularının Retrospektif Analizi. Dahili ve Cerrahi Yoğun Bakım Dergisi. 2015;6:23-26. doi: 10.5152/dcbybd.2015.595.
  • 4. Aydın K, Ergan B, Tokur ME, Çalışkan T, Gürsoy G, Savran Y, ve ark. İzmir’de Bir Üniversite Hastanesindeki Organ Donasyonunun Mevcut Durumu: Engellerin ve Gelecekteki Olası Çözümlerin Belirlenmesi. J Turk Soc Intens Care 2019;17:154-160. doi: 10.4274/tybd.galenos.2018.54366.
  • 5. Bustos JL, Surt K, Soratti C. Glasgow coma scale 7 or less surveillance program for brain death identification in Argentina: Epidemiology and outcome. Transplant Proc. 2006;38(10):3697-3699. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.10.046.
  • 6. Escudero D, Valentín MO, Escalante JL, Sanmartín A, Perez-Basterrechea M, de Gea J, et al. Intensive care practices in brain death diagnosis and organ donation. Anaesthesia. 2015;70(10):1130-1139. doi: 10.1111/anae.13065.
  • 7. Bodí MA, Pont T, Sandiumenge A, Oliver E, Gener J, Badía M, et al. Brain death organ donation potential and life support therapy limitation in neurocritical patients. Med Intensiva. 2015;39(6):337-344. doi: 10.1016/j.medin.2014.07.010.
  • 8. Arsava EM, Demirkaya Ş, Dora B, Giray S, Gökçe M, Güler A, ve ark. Turkish Neurological Society- Diagnostic guidelines for brain death. Turk J Neurol 2014;20:101-104.
  • 9. Stevens RD, Nyquist PA. Types of brain dysfunction in critical illness. Neurol Clin. 2008;26(2):469-486. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2008.02.004.
  • 10. Wijdicks EF. Management of the comatose patient. Handb Clin Neurol. 2017;140:117-129. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63600-3.00008-8.
  • 11. Senouci K, Guerrini P, Diene E, Atinault A, Claquin J, Bonnet F, et al. A survey on patients admitted in severe coma: implications for brain death identification and organ donation. Intensive Care Med. 2004;30(1):38-44. doi: 10.1007/s00134-003-1923-8.
  • 12. Örken DN, Sağduyu AK, Şirin H, Işıkara CT, Gökçe M, Sütlaş N. Reliability of the Turkish Version of a New Coma Scale: FOUR Score. Balkan Medical Journal 2010;27(1): 28-31.
  • 13. Andrews PJ, Citerio G, Longhi L, Polderman K, Sahuquillo J, Vajkoczy P; Neuro-Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine (NICEM) Section of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. NICEM consensus on neurological monitoring in acute neurological disease. Intensive Care Med. 2008;34(8):1362-1370. doi: 10.1007/s00134-008-1103-y.
  • 14. Misis M, Raxach JG, Molto HP, Vega SM, Rico PS. Bispectral index monitoring for early detection of brain death. Transplant Proc. 2008;40(5):1279-1281. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.03.145.
  • 15. Jacobsohn E, De Wet C, Tymkew H, Hill L, Avidan M, Levy N, et al. Use of the Patient State Index (PSI) to assist in the diagnosis of perioperative neurological injury and brain death. J Clin Monit Comput. 2005;19(3):219-222. doi: 10.1007/s10877-005-3546-9.
  • 16. Tommasino N, Forteza D, Godino M, Mizraji R, Alvarez I. A model to predict progression in brain-injured patients. Transplant Proc. 2014;46(9):2950-2952. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.07.002.
  • 17. Shevlin C. Optic nerve sheath ultrasound for the bedside diagnosis of intracranial hypertension: pitfalls and potential. Critical Care Horizons 2015;1(1):22-30.
  • 18. Sekhon MS, McBeth P, Zou J, Qiao L, Kolmodin L, Henderson WR, et al. Association between optic nerve sheath diameter and mortality in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Neurocrit
There are 18 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Tuğçe Mengi 0000-0002-0639-0957

Mustafa Kaçmaz 0000-0002-8655-3882

Hadiye Şirin 0000-0003-0262-3706

Publication Date January 27, 2023
Submission Date December 2, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 36 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Mengi T, Kaçmaz M, Şirin H. Nörolojik İzlem Protokolü Kullanımının Beyin Ölümü Tanı Oranlarına Etkisi. DEU Tıp Derg. 2023;36(3):277-85.