Eksozomlar ve Kanserdeki Rolleri

Year 2018, Volume: 45 Issue: 2, 209 - 217, 15.06.2018

Süreyya Bozkurt

https://doi.org/10.5798/dicletip.424986

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Eksozomlar, vücutta bulunan hücrelerin neredeyse tamamı
tarafından salgılanan, 40-100 nanometre (nm) çapında ve çift fosfolipid tabaka
ile çevrili ekstrasellüler veziküllerdir. İçlerinde proteinler, lipitler, çok
çeşitli RNA molekülleri ve DNA fragmenleri gibi birçok biyomolekül taşırlar. Bu
biyomoleküller vasıtasıyla, alıcı hücrelerde gen ifadelerini düzenleyerek,
immün regülasyon, hücre farklılaşması, hücreler arası haberleşme, hücre göçü
gibi birçok biyolojik fonksiyonda rol alırlar. Tümör kökenli eksozomlar ise
içlerinde taşıdıkları biyomoleküller vasıtasıyla kanserin gelişimi ve
yayılımına yardım etmek için lokal ve sistemik çevreyi düzenlerler. Eksozom
içeriklerinin kanserin tanısında ve hastalık seyrinin izlenmesinde biyobelirteç
olarak kullanım potansiyellerini araştıran çalışmalar hızla artmaktadır. Ayrıca
son yıllarda kanser tedavisinde eksozomların hedeflendiği ya da kullanıldığı
yaklaşımlar da bulunmaktadır. Bu derlemenin amacı eksozomların yapısının,
kanser gelişimindeki ve metastazdaki rollerinin ve kanser tedavisindeki
kullanım potansiyellerinin ortaya konmasıdır.

Keywords

Eksozomlar, kanser, tümör metastazı

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