Ameliyat Sonrası Bulantı Kusma Yönetiminde Kanıta Dayalı Uygulamalar

Year 2018, Volume: 45 Issue: 3, 341 - 351, 05.09.2018

Yeşim Yaman Aktaş , Dilek Gürçayır Canan Atalay

https://doi.org/10.5798/dicletip.457268

Cited By: 13

Abstract

Ameliyat sonrası bulantı ve kusma ameliyat
sonrası dönemde en sık görülen komplikasyonlardan biridir. Ameliyat sonrası
bulantı ve kusma hasta memnuniyetini azaltan, hastaların iyileşme süresini
uzatan ve aspirasyon gibi ciddi komplikasyonlara neden olabilen bir durumdur.
Bu nedenle ameliyat öncesi dönemde ameliyat sonrası bulantı ve kusma açısından
riskli hastaların belirlenmesi ve ameliyat sonrası bulantı ve kusma yönetiminde
kanıta dayalı farmakolojik ve non-farmakolojik tedavi yöntemlerinin uygulanması
büyük önem arz etmektedir. Bu derlemede ameliyat sonrası bulantı ve kusma
yönetiminde kanıta dayalı uygulamalar yer almaktadır. Bu uygulamaların cerrahi
kliniklerde çalışan hemşireler için ameliyat sonrası bulantı ve kusmanın
önlenmesi ve tedavisinde rehber olabileceği düşünülmektedir. 

Keywords

Bulantı ve kusma, Hemşirelik

References

• 1. Aşçı H, Özer MK. Bulantı ve kusma için tedavi önerileri. S.D.Ü. Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 2011; 2: 160-5.
• 2. McCracken G, Houston P, Lefebvre G. Guideline for the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting. JOGC JUILLET 2008; 209: 600-7.
• 3. Dipiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, et al. Pharmacotherapy-a pathophysiologic approach. In: Dipiro CV (editor). Nausea and Vomiting. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc, 2008: 607-16.
• 4. Habib AS, Gan TJ. Evidence-based management of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a review. Can J Anesth 2004; 51: 326–41. 5. Cappen TH, Vergouwe Y, van Wolfswinkel L, Kalkman CJ, 21. Apfel CC, Kranke P, Katz MH, et al. Volatile anaesthetics Moons KGM, van Klei WA. Impact of adding therapeutic may be the main cause of early but not delayed postoperative recommendations to risk assessments from a prediction vomiting: a randomized controlled trial of factorial design. Br model for postoperative nausea and vomiting. Br J AnaesthJ Anaesth 2002; 88: 659–68. 2015; 114: 252-60. 22. Apfel CC, Kranke P, Eberhart LH. Comparison of surgical
• 6. Pace NL, Carlisle J, Eberhart LHJ, et al. Prediction models for site and patient’s history with a simplified risk score for the the risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Cochrane prediction of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Database Syst Rev 2014; 9: CD011318. Anaesthesia 2004; 59: 1078–82.
• 7. Apfel CC, Turan A, Souza K, Pergolizzi J, Hornuss C. 23. Myles PS, Leslie K, Chan MT, et al. Avoidance of nitrous Intravenous acetaminophen reduces postoperative nausea oxide for patients undergoing major surgery: a randomized and vomiting: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain controlled trial. Anesthesiology 2007; 107: 221–31. 2013; 154: 677-89. 24. Breitfeld C, Peters J, Vockel T, Lorenz C, Eikermann M.
• 8. Roberts SM, Bezinover DS, Janicki PK. Reappraisal of the role Emetic effects of morphine and piritramide. Br J Anaesth of dolasetron in prevention and treatment of nausea and 2003; 91: 218–23. vomiting associated with surgery or chemotherapy. Cancer 25. Hong D, Flood P, Diaz G. The side effects of morphine and Manag Res 2012; 4: 67-73. hydromorphone patient-controlled analgesia. Anesth Analg
• 9. İzveren AU, Dal İ. Abdominal cerrahi girişim uygulanan 2008; 107: 1384–9. hastalarda görülen erken dönem sorunları ve bu sorunlara 26. Roberts GW, Bekker TB, Carlsen HH, Moffatt CH, Slattery PJ, yönelik hemşirelik uygulamaları. Hacettepe Üniversitesi McClure AF. Postoperative nausea and vomiting are strongly Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Hemşirelik Dergisi 2011; 18: 36-46.influenced by postoperative opioid use in a dose -related
• 10. Yavaşçaoğlu B, Kaya FN, Özcan B, et al. Erişkinlerde manner. Anesth Analg 2005; 101: 1343–8. anestezi sonrası görülen komplikasyonların retrospektif 27. Pierre S, Corno G, Benais H, Apfel CC. A risk scoredeğerlendirilmesi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi dependent antiemetic approach effectively reduces 2009; 35: 73-8. postoperative nausea and vomiting–a continuous quality
• 11. Apfel CC, Kranke P, Eberhart LHJ, Roos A, Roewer N. improvement initiative. Can J Anaesth 2004; 51: 320–5. Comparison of predictive models for postoperative nausea 28. Koivuranta M, Läärä E, Snåre L, Alahuhta S. A survey of and vomiting. Br J Anaesth 2002; 88: 234–40. postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anaesthesia 1997; 52:
• 12. Rüsch D, Eberhart L, Biedler A, Dethling J, Apfel CC. 443–9. Prospective application of a simplified risk score to prevent 29. Gan TJ, Meyer TA, Apfel CC, et al. Society for Ambulatory postoperative nausea and vomiting. Can J Anaesth 2005; 52: Anesthesia. Society for Ambulatory Anesthesia guidelines for 478–84. the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
• 13. Van den Bosch JE, Kalkman CJ, Vergouwe Y, et al. Assessing Anesth Analg 2007; 105: 1615–28. the applicability of scoring systems for predicting 30. Sinclair DR, Chung F, Mezei G. Can postoperative nausea postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anaesthesia 2005; 60: and vomiting be predicted? Anesthesiology 1999; 91: 109–323–31.18.
• 14. Carlisle J, Stevenson CA. Drugs for preventing 31. Visser K, Hassink EA, Bonsel GJ, Moen J, Kalkman CJ. postoperative nausea and vomiting. Cochrane Database Syst Randomized controlled trial of total intravenous anesthesia Rev 2006;3:CD004125. with propofol versus inhalation anesthesia with
• 15. Myles PS, Williams DL, Hendrata M, Anderson H, Weeks isofluranenitrous oxide: postoperative nausea with vomiting AM. Patient satisfaction after anaesthesia and surgery: and economic analysis. Anesthesiology 2001; 95: 616–26. results of a prospective survey of 10811 patients. Br J 32. Apfel CC, Korttila K, Abdalla M, et al. A factorial trial of six Anaesth 2000; 84: 6–10. interventions for the prevention of postoperative nausea and
• 16. Smith HS, Smith EJ, Smith BR. Postoperative nausea and vomiting. N Engl J Med 2004; 350: 2441–51. vomiting. Ann Palliat Med 2012; 1: 94-102. 33. Møiniche S, Rømsing J, Dahl JB, Tramèr MR. Nonsteroidal
• 17. Chung F, Mezei F. Factors contributing to a prolonged stay anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk of operative site after ambulatory surgery. Anesth Analg 1999; 9: 1352–9. bleeding after tonsillectomy: a quantitative systematic
• 18. Gan TJ, Diemunsch P, Habib AS, et al. Consensus guidelines review. Anesth Analg 2003; 96: 68–77. for the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting. 34. Marret E, Kurdi O, Zufferey P, Bonnet F. Effects of Anesth Analg 2014; 118: 85-113. nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on patient-controlled
• 19. Apfel CC, Philip BK, Cakmakkaya OS, et al. Who is at risk for analgesia morphine side effects: meta-analysis of postdischarge nausea and vomiting after ambulatory randomized controlled trials. Anesthesiology 2005; 102: surgery? Anesthesiology 2012; 117: 475–86. 1249–60.
• 20. Apfel CC, Heidrich FM, Jukar-Rao S, et al. Evidence-based analysis of risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting. Br J Anaesth. 2012; 109: 742–53.
• 21. Apfel CC, Kranke P, Katz MH, et al. Volatile anaesthetics may be the main cause of early but not delayed postoperative vomiting: a randomized controlled trial of factorial design. Br J Anaesth. 2002; 88: 659–68.
• 22. Apfel CC, Kranke P, Eberhart LH. Comparison of surgical site and patient’s history with a simplified risk score for the prediction of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anaesthesia. 2004; 59: 1078–82.
• 23. Myles PS, Leslie K, Chan MT, et al. Avoidance of nitrous oxide for patients undergoing major surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Anesthesiology. 2007; 107: 221–31.
• 24. Breitfeld C, Peters J, Vockel T, Lorenz C, Eikermann M. Emetic effects of morphine and piritramide. Br J Anaesth. 2003; 91: 218–23.
• 25. Hong D, Flood P, Diaz G. The side effects of morphine and hydromorphone patient-controlled analgesia. Anesth Analg. 2008; 107: 1384–9.
• 26. Roberts GW, Bekker TB, Carlsen HH, Moffatt CH, Slattery PJ, McClure AF. Postoperative nausea and vomiting are strongly influenced by postoperative opioid use in a dose-related manner. Anesth Analg. 2005; 101: 1343–8.
• 27. Pierre S, Corno G, Benais H, Apfel CC. A risk score-dependent antiemetic approach effectively reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting–a continuous quality improvement initiative. Can J Anaesth. 2004; 51: 320–5.
• 28. Koivuranta M, Läärä E, Snåre L, Alahuhta S. A survey of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anaesthesia. 1997; 52: 443–9.
• 29. Gan TJ, Meyer TA, Apfel CC, et al. Society for Ambulatory Anesthesia. Society for Ambulatory Anesthesia guidelines for the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg. 2007; 105: 1615–28.
• 30. Sinclair DR, Chung F, Mezei G. Can postoperative nausea and vomiting be predicted? Anesthesiology. 1999; 91: 109–18.
• 31. Visser K, Hassink EA, Bonsel GJ, Moen J, Kalkman CJ. Randomized controlled trial of total intravenous anesthesia with propofol versus inhalation anesthesia with isofluranenitrous oxide: postoperative nausea with vomiting and economic analysis. Anesthesiology. 2001; 95: 616–26.
• 32. Apfel CC, Korttila K, Abdalla M, et al. A factorial trial of six interventions for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. N Engl J Med. 2004; 350: 2441–51.
• 33. Møiniche S, Rømsing J, Dahl JB, Tramèr MR. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk of operative site bleeding after tonsillectomy: a quantitative systematic review. Anesth Analg. 2003; 96: 68–77.
• 34. Marret E, Kurdi O, Zufferey P, Bonnet F. Effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on patient-controlled analgesia morphine side effects: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Anesthesiology. 2005; 102: 1249–60.
• 35. Elia N, Lysakowski C, Tramèr MR. Does multimodal analgesia with acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and patient controlled analgesia morphine offer advantages over morphine alone? Meta-analyses of randomized trials. Anesthesiology. 2005; 103: 1296–304.
• 36. Elia N, Tramèr MR. Ketamine and postoperative pain–a quantitative systematic review of randomised trials. Pain. 2005; 113: 61–70.
• 37. Chan KS, Chen WH, Gan TJ, et al. Development and validation of a composite score based on clinically meaningful events for the opioid related symptom distress scale. Qual Life Res. 2009; 18: 1331–40.
• 38. Orhan-Sungur M, Kranke P, Sessler D, Apfel CC. Does supplemental oxygen reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Anesth Analg. 2008; 106: 1733–8.
• 39. Rincón DA, Valero JF. Supplemental oxygen for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim. 2008; 55: 101–9.
• 40. Chaudhary S, Sethi AK, Motiani P, Adatia C. Pre-operative intravenous fluid therapy with crystalloids or colloids on post-operative nausea & vomiting. Indian J Med Res. 2008; 127: 577–81.
• 41. Haentjens LL, Ghoundiwal D, Touhiri K, et al. Does infusion of colloid influence the occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting after elective surgery in women? Anesth Analg. 2009; 108: 1788–93.
• 42. Goodarzi M, Matar MM, Shafa M, Townsend JE, Gonzalez I. A prospective randomized blinded study of the effect of intravenous fluid therapy on postoperative nausea and vomiting in children undergoing strabismus surgery. Paediatr Anaesth. 2006; 16: 49–53.
• 43. Hooper V. SAMBA consensus guidelines for the management of postperative nausea and vomiting: An executive summary for perianesthesia nurses. J Perianesth Nurs. 2015; 30: 377-82.
• 44. Arslan M, Cicek R, Kalender HT, Yilmaz H. Preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 2011; 72: 1–12.
• 45. Alghanem SM, Massad IM, Rashed EM, Abu-Ali HM, Daradkeh SS. Optimization of anesthesia antiemetic measures versus combination therapy using dexamethasone or ondansetron for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Surg Endosc. 2010; 24: 353–8.
• 46. Banihashem N, Hassannasab B, Naziri F, Rahimifar AR, Hosseini V, Shirkhani Z. Comparison of the prophylactic effect of ondansetron and dexamethasone on postoperative nausea and vomiting after intrathecal meperidine in women scheduled for elective cesarean section. JBUMS. 2011; 13: 30–3.
• 47. Kazemi-Kjellberg F, Henzi I, Tramèr MR. Treatment of established postoperative nausea and vomiting: a quantitative systemic review. BMC Anesthesiol. 2001; 1: 2.
• 48. Tramèr MR. A rational approach to the control of postoperative nausea and vomiting: evidence from systematic reviews. Part I. Efficacy and harm of antiemetic interventions, and methodological issues. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2001; 45: 4–13.
• 49. Lee A, Fan LTY. Stimulation of the wrist acupuncture point P6 for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009; 2: CD003281.
• 50. Amir SH, Bano S, Khan RM, Ahmed M, Zia F, Nasreen F. Electro-stimulation at P6 for prevention of PONV. Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology. 2007; 23: 383–86.
• 51. Butkovic D, Toljan S, Matolic M, Kralik S, Radesic L. Comparison of laser acupuncture and metoclopramide in PONV prevention in children. Paediatr Anaesth. 2005; 15: 37–40.
• 52. Turgut S, Ozalp G, Dikmen S, Savil S, Tuncel G, Kadiogullari N. Acupressure for postoperative nausea and vomiting in gynecological patients receiving patient controlled analgesia. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2007; 24: 87–91.
• 53. Misra MN, Pullani AJ, Mohamed ZU. Prevention of PONV by acustimulation with capsicum plaster is comparable to ondansetron after middle ear surgery. Can J Anaesth. 2005; 52: 485–9.
• 54. Agarwal A, Pathak A, Gaur A. Acupressure wristbands do not prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting after urological endoscopic surgery. Can J Anaesth. 2000; 47: 319–24.
• 55. Lee A, Done ML. Stimulation of the wrist acupuncture point P6 for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004; 3: CD 003281.
• 56. Coloma M, White PF, Ogunnaike BO, et al. Comparison of acustimulation and ondansetron for the treatment of established postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesthesiology. 2002; 97: 1387–92.
• 57. Madson AT, Silverman MJ. The effect of music therapy on relaxation, anxiety, pain perception, and nausea in adult solid organ transplant patients. J Music Ther. 2010; 47: 220–32.
• 58. Teran L, Hawkins JK. The effectiveness of inhalation isopropyl alcohol vs. granisetron for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. AANA J. 2007; 75: 417–22.
• 59. Kerger KH, Mascha E, Steinbrecher B, et al. Routine use of nasogastric tubes does not reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg. 2009; 109: 768–73.
• 60. Raeder J, Dahl V, Bjoernestad E, et al. Does esomeprazole prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting? Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2007; 51: 217–25.
• 61. Czarnetzki C, Schiffer E, Lysakowski C, Haller G, Bertrand D, Tramèr MR. Transcutaneous nicotine does not prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting: a randomized controlled trial. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2011; 71: 383–90.
• 62. Montgomery GH, Bovbjerg DH, Schnur JB, et al. A randomized clinical trial of a brief hypnosis intervention to control side effects in breast surgery patients. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2007; 99: 1304–12.
• 63. Tramèr MR, Carroll D, Campbell FA, Reynolds DJ, Moore RA, McQuay HJ. Cannabinoids for control of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting: quantitative systematic review. BMJ. 2001; 323: 16–21.
• 64. Ernst E, Pittler MH. Efficacy of ginger for nausea and vomiting: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Br J Anaesth. 2000; 84: 367–71.
• 65. Mandal P, Das A, Majumdar S, Bhattacharyya T, Mitra T, Kundu R. The efficacy of ginger added to ondansetron for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in ambulatory surgery. Pharmacognosy Res. 2014; 6: 52-7.
• 66. Prapaitrakool S1, Itharat A. Morinda citrifolia Linn. for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. J Med Assoc Thai. 2010; 93: 204-9.
• 67. Pellegrini J, DeLoge J, Bennett J, Kelly J. Comparison of inhalation of isopropyl alcohol vs promethazine in the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients identified as at high risk for developing PONV. AANA J. 2009; 77: 293–9.
• 68. Cotton JW, Rowell LR, Hood RR, Pellegrini JE. A comparative analysis of isopropyl alcohol and ondansetron in the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting from the hospital setting to the home. AANA J. 2007; 75: 21–6.