Doğu Akdeniz’de Ekolojik Güvenlik

Year 2020, Issue: 2, 71 - 85, 29.12.2020

Senem Atvur

Abstract

Akdeniz Havzası’nın doğusunda kalan bölge, tarihin ve uygarlığın şekillendiği merkezi noktalardan biridir. Doğu Akdeniz bölgesi binlerce yıldır siyasi ve kültürel etkileşimlerin de beşiği olmuştur. Havza, sahip olduğu zengin kaynaklar ve ticaret yolları üzerindeki stratejik konumu ile çatışma ve rekabetin de odağında yer almıştır. Özellikle Ortadoğu bölgesinde petrolün bulunması, Süveyş Kanalı’nın açılması ile dünya ticaretinde yeni bir stratejik rotanın belirmesi Doğu Akdeniz havzasının önemini artırmıştır. Günümüzde ise Doğu Akdeniz’de petrol ve doğal gaz rezervlerinin keşfi, bölgesel ve küresel aktörlerin çıkar mücadelesinin yoğunlaşmasına neden olmuştur. Bu çalışma ise Doğu Akdeniz havzasını ekolojik güvenlik bağlamında ele almayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın iddiası Doğu Akdeniz havzasında ekolojik güvenlik temelinde geliştirilecek politik yaklaşımların hem bölgenin doğasının korunmasında hem de devletler arasında çıkabilecek olası çatışmaları önlemede rol oynayabileceğidir. Güvenliğin temeline ekosistemlerin bütünlüğünü yerleştirmek Doğu Akdeniz’de sosyal ve ekonomik refahın sağlanması ve işbirliğinin geliştirilmesi yönünde yeni bir ivme kazandırabilecektir.

Keywords

Doğu Akdeniz, Ekolojik Güvenlik, İklim Değişikliği, Petrol Arama, Eastern Mediterranean, Ecological Security, Climate Change, Oil Exploitation

Ecological Security in the Eastern Mediterranean

Abstract

The eastern part of the Mediterranean basin is one of the central hubs where history and civilization had been shaped. The Eastern Mediterranean region was the cradle of the political and cultural interactions for thousands of years. This basin was also at the focus of conflict and competition due to its rich resources and its strategic geographical position on the trade routes. The importance of the Eastern Mediterranean basin had been increased especially with the exploration of oil reserves in the Middle East region and the opening of the Suez Canal as a new strategic route for the world trade. Nowadays, the conflict of interest between global and regional actors has arisen in the Eastern Mediterranean because of the new offshore oil and gas reserves. This study aims to examine the Eastern Mediterranean in the context of ecological security. The study argues that the political approaches based on the ecological security perspective could not only preserve the nature of the region, but also could play an important role to prevent potential inter-state conflicts. In order to assure social and economic development and to improve the cooperation in the Eastern Mediterranean, it could be essential to put the integrity of ecosystems at the focus of security.

Keywords

Eastern Mediterranean, Ecological Security, Climate Change, Oil Exploitation

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