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BAŞBAKAN TANAKA KAKUEI'İN BÖLGEYE YÖNELİK ZİYARETİ ODAĞINDA JAPONYA-GÜNEYDOĞU ASYA İLİŞKİLERİ (1974)

Year 2024, Volume: 64 Issue: 1, 248 - 271, 25.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.33171/dtcfjournal.2024.64.1.11

Abstract

Savaş bitmesine ve bağımsızlıklarına kavuşmalarına rağmen Güneydoğu Asya ülkeleri Japonya’ya karşı temkinli yaklaşmaya devam etmişlerdir. Japonya’nın özellikle II. Dünya Savaşı’nda kendilerine yaşattıklarını gelecek kuşaklara aktararak acıların her daim taze kalmasını sağlamışlardır. Ancak yerel halkın kendilerine yönelik olumsuz yaklaşımlarına rağmen Japonya, savaştan önce olduğu gibi savaştan sonra da Güneydoğu Asya’dan vazgeçmemiştir. Bu duruma Japonya’nın hammadde açısından fakir olup, dışa bağımlı olması etki etmiştir. Çünkü her zaman için kendisinin en büyük hammadde tedarikçisi Güneydoğu Asya olmuştur. Dolayısıyla Japonya, Amerikan işgalinden kurtulduktan sonra vakit kaybetmeden bölge ülkeleriyle karşılıklı ilişkileri düzeltme yoluna gitmiştir. Bu doğrultuda öncelikle tazminat görüşmeleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ardından ülke liderleri bölgeye yönelik birbiri ardına ziyaretlerde bulunarak karşılıklı ilişkileri pekiştirmeye çalışmışlardır. Bunlardan en önemlisi ve en çok ses getireni hiç kuşkusuz 1974 yılının Ocak ayında dönemin Başbakanı Tanaka Kakuei’in bölgeye yönelik gerçekleştirdiği on günlük kısa gezisidir. Tanaka’nın gelişiyle birlikte özellikle Tayland ve Endonezya’da büyük ölçekli Japon karşıtı protestolar düzenlenmiştir. Elbette bu protestoları sadece Japon karşıtlığı olarak nitelendirmek doğru değildir. Görünenin dışında arka planda başka sebeplerin olduğu da bir gerçektir. Bu çalışmada, Japonya Başbakanı Tanaka Kakuei’in 1974 yılının 7-17 Ocak tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirdiği Güneydoğu Asya gezisinde yaşananlar, arşiv belgeleri ışığında detaylı olarak incelenmiştir. Tanaka’nın ziyareti özelinde, Japonya’nın bölgeye geri dönme çabaları, savaş sonrası karşılıklı ilişkiler ve seyahati esnasında ortaya çıkan Japon karşıtı protestoların altında yatan nedenler ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır.

References

  • ABD Dışişleri Bakanlığı Arşivi. 1974TOKYO01412. Tokyo to State. “Tanaka Trip to Southeast Asia: Fonoff and Miti Accounts of Economic Aspects”. Erişim Tarihi: 11.01.2022,https://add.archieves.gov/add/createdpdf?rid=1356&dt=2474&dl=1345
  • ABD Dışişleri Bakanlığı Arşivi. 1974TOKYO01153. Tokyo to State. “Tanaka Trip to Southeast Asia: Initial Goj and Press Reactions”, Erişim Tarihi: 13.04.2023 https://add.archieves.gov/add/createdpdf?rid=341&dt2474&dl=1345
  • ABD Dışişleri Bakanlığı Arşivi. 1974Kuala00253. Kuala Lumpur to State. “Tanaka Visit to Malaysia: Japanese Embassy Views”, Tarihi: 18/1/1974. https://add.archieves.gov/add/createdpdf?rid=13054&dt2474&dl=1345
  • ABD Dışişleri Bakanlığı Arşivi. 1974TOKYO00027 01OF02030621Z. Tokyo to State. “Tanaka’s Tour of Southeast Asia Summary: Acoording to Fonoff Sources, on his January 7-17 Tour of Confidential”, Tarihi: 3/1/1974. Erişim Tarihi: 15.04.2022,https://add.archieves.gov/add/createdpdf?rid=14469&dt=2474&dl=1345
  • ABD Dışişleri Bakanlığı Arşivi. 1974Bangkok01203. Bangkok01203221134Z. Bangkok to Tokyo. “Fear Among the Japanese Business Community in Bangkok”, Tarihi: 22/1/1964. Erişim Tarihi: 21.05.2023, https://add.archieves.gov/add/createpdf?rid=46&dt=2474&dl=1345
  • New Nation (1974). Tanaka Starts His Tour. Erişim Tarihi: 21.08.2023,
  • https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/newnation197401071.2.14?
  • ST=1&AT=search&k=Tanaka%20Kakuei%20southeast&QT=tanaka,kakuei,sou theast&oref=article The New York Times (1974). Tanaka Arrives in Malaysia. Erişim Tarihi: 10.08.2023,
  • https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/13/archives/world-news-briefs-tanaka-arrives-in-malaysia.html
  • The New York Times (1974). Jakarta Violence Declines on 2d Day of Tanaka Visit. https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/17/archives/jakarta-violence-declines-on-2d-day-of-tanaka-visit-tanaka-flies.html
  • The Straits Times (1974). We Don’t Want to Dominate Asia: Tanaka. Erişim Tarihi: 20.08.2023, https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes197401011.2.36? ST=1&AT=search&k=Tanaka%20Kakuei%20southeast&QT=tanaka,kakuei,sou theast&oref=article
  • Babb, J. (2000). Tanaka The Making of Postwar Japan. İngiltere: Longman.
  • Blackburn, K. (2010). War Memory and Nation-Building in South East Asia. South East Asia Research, 18(1), 5-31.
  • Cho, Il Hyun ve Park, S.-H. (2013). The Rise of China and Varying Sentiments in Southeast Asia toward Great Powers. Strategic Studies Quarterly, 7(2), 69-92.
  • Er, L. P. (1996). Japan’s Search for a Political Role in Southeast Asia. Southeast Asian Affairs, 40-55.
  • Jo, Y.-H. (1968). Regional Cooperation in Southeast Asia and Japan’s Role. The Journal of Politics, 30(3), 780-797.
  • Kurasawa, A. (1992). インドネシア. Yoshikawa Toshiharu (Ed.). 日本と東南アジア içinde (s. 80-119). Tokyo: Tokyo Shoseki.
  • Miyagi, T. (2007). 増補海洋国家日本の戦後史. Tokyo: Chikuma.
  • Morley, J. W. (1963). Japan’s Position in Asia. Journal of International Affairs, 17(2), 142-154.
  • Satō, S. (2009). 田中東南アジア歴訪の意義―グローバリゼーション過程における東南アジアと日本. 国際政経論集, 15, 1-16.
  • Shibusawa, M. ve Saitō, S. (1974). 東南アジアの日本批判. Tokyo: Saimarushuppan.
  • Shiraishi, T. (1997). Japan and Souheast Asia. P. J. Katzenstein ve T. Shiraishi (Ed.). Network Power Japan and Asia içinde (s. 169-197). Londra: Cornell University Press.
  • Sicim Kaplan, E. (2021). Özgürlük Yolu: Bandung Konferansı ve Japonya. Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi, 36(2), 675-699.
  • Sing, L. H. (1984). Japanese Perspectives on Malaysia’s “Look East” Policy. Southeast Asian Affairs, 231-245.
  • Singh, B. (2002). Asean’s Perceptions of Japan: Change and Continuity. Asian Survey, 42(2), 276-296.
  • Sudo, S. (2002). The International Relations of Japan and South East Asia. Londra: Routlegde.
  • Suehiro, A. (1999). The Road to Economic Re-entry: Japan’s Policy toward Southeast Asian Development in the 1950s and 1960s. Social Science Japan Journal, 2(1), 85-105.
  • Suzuki, Shizuo (1991). 一九七〇年代前半の東南アジアにおける反日の論理. Tooru Yano (Ed.). 東南アジアと日本10 içinde (s. 233-247). Tokyo: Kōbundō.
  • Yano, Tooru (2009). 南進の系譜. Tokyo: Chikura.

JAPAN-SOUTHEAST ASIA RELATIONS ON THE FOCUS OF JAPAN'S PRIME MINISTER TANAKA KAKUEI'S VISIT TO THE REGION (1974)

Year 2024, Volume: 64 Issue: 1, 248 - 271, 25.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.33171/dtcfjournal.2024.64.1.11

Abstract

Southeast Asian countries have been continued to approach Japan cautiously, though the war was over and they got rid of the colony. The suffering has been ensured to remain fresh by passing down to the generations that this country had inflicted on them in World War II. However, despite the negative attitudes of the people of the region towards Japan, Japan never gave up on the Southeast Asian Region neither before nor after the war. Because Japan is poor in terms of raw materials and is dependent on foreign sources. Therefore, Southeast Asia was the largest supplier of raw materials for Japan. When American occupation officially ended, Japan immediately moved to improve bilateral relations with countries in the region. In this direction, first of all, compensation negotiations were held. Then, the leaders of Japan visited the region one after another and tried to consolidate the relations. The most important and most influential of these was undoubtedly the ten-day trip of Prime Minister Tanaka Kakuei in January 1974. With the arrival of Tanaka, largescale anti-Japanese protests were held, especially in Thailand and Indonesia. Of course, it is not correct to describe these protests only as anti-Japanese, but it is a fact that there are other underlying reasons as well. In this study, it has been examined in detail what happened during the ten-day trip of Japanese Prime Minister Tanaka Kakuei to the Southeast Asia on January 7-17, 1974 by using of archival documents. Japan’s efforts to return to the region, postwar bilateral relations and the reasons behind the anti-Japanese protests that emerged during the trip has been tried to be revealed through Tanaka’s trip.

References

  • ABD Dışişleri Bakanlığı Arşivi. 1974TOKYO01412. Tokyo to State. “Tanaka Trip to Southeast Asia: Fonoff and Miti Accounts of Economic Aspects”. Erişim Tarihi: 11.01.2022,https://add.archieves.gov/add/createdpdf?rid=1356&dt=2474&dl=1345
  • ABD Dışişleri Bakanlığı Arşivi. 1974TOKYO01153. Tokyo to State. “Tanaka Trip to Southeast Asia: Initial Goj and Press Reactions”, Erişim Tarihi: 13.04.2023 https://add.archieves.gov/add/createdpdf?rid=341&dt2474&dl=1345
  • ABD Dışişleri Bakanlığı Arşivi. 1974Kuala00253. Kuala Lumpur to State. “Tanaka Visit to Malaysia: Japanese Embassy Views”, Tarihi: 18/1/1974. https://add.archieves.gov/add/createdpdf?rid=13054&dt2474&dl=1345
  • ABD Dışişleri Bakanlığı Arşivi. 1974TOKYO00027 01OF02030621Z. Tokyo to State. “Tanaka’s Tour of Southeast Asia Summary: Acoording to Fonoff Sources, on his January 7-17 Tour of Confidential”, Tarihi: 3/1/1974. Erişim Tarihi: 15.04.2022,https://add.archieves.gov/add/createdpdf?rid=14469&dt=2474&dl=1345
  • ABD Dışişleri Bakanlığı Arşivi. 1974Bangkok01203. Bangkok01203221134Z. Bangkok to Tokyo. “Fear Among the Japanese Business Community in Bangkok”, Tarihi: 22/1/1964. Erişim Tarihi: 21.05.2023, https://add.archieves.gov/add/createpdf?rid=46&dt=2474&dl=1345
  • New Nation (1974). Tanaka Starts His Tour. Erişim Tarihi: 21.08.2023,
  • https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/newnation197401071.2.14?
  • ST=1&AT=search&k=Tanaka%20Kakuei%20southeast&QT=tanaka,kakuei,sou theast&oref=article The New York Times (1974). Tanaka Arrives in Malaysia. Erişim Tarihi: 10.08.2023,
  • https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/13/archives/world-news-briefs-tanaka-arrives-in-malaysia.html
  • The New York Times (1974). Jakarta Violence Declines on 2d Day of Tanaka Visit. https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/17/archives/jakarta-violence-declines-on-2d-day-of-tanaka-visit-tanaka-flies.html
  • The Straits Times (1974). We Don’t Want to Dominate Asia: Tanaka. Erişim Tarihi: 20.08.2023, https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes197401011.2.36? ST=1&AT=search&k=Tanaka%20Kakuei%20southeast&QT=tanaka,kakuei,sou theast&oref=article
  • Babb, J. (2000). Tanaka The Making of Postwar Japan. İngiltere: Longman.
  • Blackburn, K. (2010). War Memory and Nation-Building in South East Asia. South East Asia Research, 18(1), 5-31.
  • Cho, Il Hyun ve Park, S.-H. (2013). The Rise of China and Varying Sentiments in Southeast Asia toward Great Powers. Strategic Studies Quarterly, 7(2), 69-92.
  • Er, L. P. (1996). Japan’s Search for a Political Role in Southeast Asia. Southeast Asian Affairs, 40-55.
  • Jo, Y.-H. (1968). Regional Cooperation in Southeast Asia and Japan’s Role. The Journal of Politics, 30(3), 780-797.
  • Kurasawa, A. (1992). インドネシア. Yoshikawa Toshiharu (Ed.). 日本と東南アジア içinde (s. 80-119). Tokyo: Tokyo Shoseki.
  • Miyagi, T. (2007). 増補海洋国家日本の戦後史. Tokyo: Chikuma.
  • Morley, J. W. (1963). Japan’s Position in Asia. Journal of International Affairs, 17(2), 142-154.
  • Satō, S. (2009). 田中東南アジア歴訪の意義―グローバリゼーション過程における東南アジアと日本. 国際政経論集, 15, 1-16.
  • Shibusawa, M. ve Saitō, S. (1974). 東南アジアの日本批判. Tokyo: Saimarushuppan.
  • Shiraishi, T. (1997). Japan and Souheast Asia. P. J. Katzenstein ve T. Shiraishi (Ed.). Network Power Japan and Asia içinde (s. 169-197). Londra: Cornell University Press.
  • Sicim Kaplan, E. (2021). Özgürlük Yolu: Bandung Konferansı ve Japonya. Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi, 36(2), 675-699.
  • Sing, L. H. (1984). Japanese Perspectives on Malaysia’s “Look East” Policy. Southeast Asian Affairs, 231-245.
  • Singh, B. (2002). Asean’s Perceptions of Japan: Change and Continuity. Asian Survey, 42(2), 276-296.
  • Sudo, S. (2002). The International Relations of Japan and South East Asia. Londra: Routlegde.
  • Suehiro, A. (1999). The Road to Economic Re-entry: Japan’s Policy toward Southeast Asian Development in the 1950s and 1960s. Social Science Japan Journal, 2(1), 85-105.
  • Suzuki, Shizuo (1991). 一九七〇年代前半の東南アジアにおける反日の論理. Tooru Yano (Ed.). 東南アジアと日本10 içinde (s. 233-247). Tokyo: Kōbundō.
  • Yano, Tooru (2009). 南進の系譜. Tokyo: Chikura.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Japanese Language, Literature and Culture
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Emine Sicim Kaplan 0000-0002-9328-1192

Early Pub Date June 23, 2024
Publication Date June 25, 2024
Submission Date January 19, 2024
Acceptance Date March 17, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 64 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Sicim Kaplan, E. (2024). BAŞBAKAN TANAKA KAKUEI’İN BÖLGEYE YÖNELİK ZİYARETİ ODAĞINDA JAPONYA-GÜNEYDOĞU ASYA İLİŞKİLERİ (1974). Ankara Üniversitesi Dil Ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 64(1), 248-271. https://doi.org/10.33171/dtcfjournal.2024.64.1.11

Ankara University Journal of the Faculty of Languages and History-Geography

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