Comparison of the Mental Status of COVID-19 Intensive Care Unit and General Intensive Care Unit Staff

Year 2021, Volume: 23 Issue: 2, 197 - 204, 30.08.2021

Fatma Çelik , Recai Dağlı

https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.915010

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Aim: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may predispose front-line intensive care staff to experience mental health problems. The aim of this study was to compare the COVID-19 fear experienced by COVID-19 intensive care unit staff and general intensive care unit staff, and the effects of this fear on mental health.
Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 156 participants, 90 (57.7%) participants from the COVID-19 intensive care unit and 66 (42.3%) from the general intensive care unit, were included. A printed questionnaire consisting of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), and demographic data were used.
Results: Female gender, being a nurse, and working in COVID-19 intensive care unit, were associated with higher depression, anxiety, and stress scores. A significant relationship was found between fear of COVID-19 and depression (ρ=0.399, p=0.044), anxiety (ρ=0.456, p=0.019), and stress (ρ=0.418, p=0.033). Furthermore, as compared to general intensive care unit staff, COVID-19 intensive care unit staff who may have high-risk contact were approximately twice times more likely to experience anxiety and fear of COVID-19 and 3.5 times more likely to suffer from depression and stress.
Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected the mental health of intensive care staff. Attention should be paid to the mental health of females and nurses working in the COVID-19 intensive care unit. The mental health of intensive care workers should be supported to protect the health workforce.

Keywords

Anxiety, COVID-19, depression, fear, mental health, intensive care

Thanks

Acknowledgments We would like to thank the entire medical, nursing, and assistant healthcare staff from the Intensive Care Units staff at Kırşehir Ahi Evran University Education and Research Hospital for their dedicated care to our patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.

COVID-19 Yoğun Bakım Ünitesi ve Genel Yoğun Bakım Ünitesi Personelinin Ruhsal Durumunun Karşılaştırılması

Abstract

Amaç: Koronavirüs hastalığı 2019 (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) pandemisi, ön saflardaki yoğun bakım personelini ruhsal sağlık sorunları yaşamaya yatkın hale getirebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, COVID-19 yoğun bakım ünitesi personeli ile genel yoğun bakım ünitesi personelinin yaşadığı COVID-19 korkusunu ve bu korkunun ruh sağlıkları üzerindeki etkilerini karşılaştırmaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu kesitsel çalışmaya COVID-19 yoğun bakım ünitesinden 90 (%57,7) katılımcı ve genel yoğun bakım ünitesinden 66 (%42,3) katılımcı olmak üzere toplam 156 katılımcı dahil edildi. COVID-19 Korku Ölçeği (Fear of COVID-19 Scale, FCV-19S), Depresyon Anksiyete Stres Ölçeği (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, DASS-21) ve demografik verilerden oluşan basılı bir anket kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Kadın cinsiyet, hemşire olmak ve COVID-19 yoğun bakım ünitesinde çalışmak daha yüksek depresyon, anksiyete ve stres puanları ile ilişkili idi. COVID-19 korkusu ile depresyon (ρ=0,399; p=0,044), kaygı (ρ=0,456; p=0,019) ve stres (ρ=0,418; p=0,033) arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulundu. Ayrıca, genel yoğun bakım ünitesi personeline kıyasla, yüksek temas riski olan COVID-19 yoğun bakım ünitesi personelinin, anksiyete ve COVID-19 korkusu yaşama olasılığı yaklaşık iki kat, depresyon ve stresten muzdarip olma olasılığı 3,5 kat daha fazlaydı.
Sonuç: COVID-19 pandemisi, yoğun bakım personelinin ruh sağlığını olumsuz etkilemiştir. COVID-19 yoğun bakım ünitesinde çalışan kadın ve hemşirelerin ruh sağlığına dikkat edilmelidir. Yoğun bakım çalışanlarının ruh sağlığı, sağlık iş gücünün korunması için desteklenmelidir.

Keywords

Anksiyete, COVID-19, depresyon, korku, ruh sağlığı, yoğun bakım

References

• who.int [Internet]. World Health Organization. Mental health and psychosocial considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak. 2020 [Cited: 2020 June 27]. Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/mental-health-considerations.pdf.
• Styra R, Hawryluck L, Robinson S, Kasapinovic S, Fones C, Gold WL. Impact on health care workers employed in high-risk areas during the Toronto SARS outbreak. J Psychosom Res. 2008;64(2):177-83.
• Ho SM, Kwong-Lo RS, Mak CW, Wong JS. Fear of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) among health care workers. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005;73(2):344-9.
• McAlonan GM, Lee AM, Cheung V, Cheung C, Tsang KW, Sham PC, et al. Immediate and sustained psychological impact of an emerging infectious disease outbreak on health care workers. Can J Psychiatry. 2007;52(4):241-7.
• Matsuishi K, Kawazoe A, Imai H, Ito A, Mouri K, Kitamura N, et al. Psychological impact of the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 on general hospital workers in Kobe. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2012;66(4):353-60.
• Shen X, Zou X, Zhong X, Yan J, Li L. Psychological stress of ICU nurses in the time of COVID-19. Crit Care. 2020;24(1):200.
• Albott CS, Wozniak JR, McGlinch BP, Wall MH, Gold BS, Vinogradov S. Battle buddies: Rapid deployment of a psychological resilience intervention for health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Anesth Analg. 2020;131(1):43-54.
• Malhotra N, Gupta N, Ish S, Ish P. COVID-19 in intensive care. Some necessary steps for health care workers. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis. 2020;90(1):1284.
• Wu PE, Styra R, Gold WL. Mitigating the psychological effects of COVID-19 on health care workers. CMAJ. 2020;192(17):E459-60.
• Ahorsu DK, Lin CY, Imani V, Saffari M, Griffiths MD, Pakpour AH. The fear of COVID-19 scale: Development and initial validation. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2020;[Epub ahead of print]. doi: 10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8.
• Satici B, Gocet-Tekin E, Deniz ME, Satici SA. Adaptation of the fear of COVID-19 scale: Its association with psychological distress and life satisfaction in Turkey. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2020;[Epub ahead of print]. doi: 10.1007/s11469-020-00294-0.
• Lovibond PF, Lovibond SH. The structure of negative emotional states: comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the beck depression and anxiety inventories. Behav Res Ther. 1995;33(3):335-43.
• Yılmaz Ö, Boz H, Arslan A. The validity and reliability of depression stress and anxiety scale (DASS-21) Turkish short form. Res Financial Econ Soc Sci J. 2017;2(2):78-91.
• Demirbilek Y, Pehlivantürk G, Özgüler ZÖ, Alp Meşe E. COVID-19 outbreak control, example of ministry of health of Turkey. Turk J Med Sci. 2020;50(SI-1):489-94.
• saglik.gov.tr [Internet]. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health. COVID-19 information page. [Cited: 2020 July 1]. Available from: https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/.
• Yıldırım Baş F. The importance of vaccination in the pandemia and COVID-19 vaccination studies. Med J SDU. 2021;(ozelsayi-1):245-8.
• Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, et al. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(3):e203976.
• Chew NWS, Lee GKH, Tan BYQ, Jing M, Goh Y, Ngiam NJH, et al. A multinational, multicentre study on the psychological outcomes and associated physical symptoms amongst healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;88:559-65.
• Reznik A, Gritsenko V, Konstantinov V, Khamenka N, Isralowitz R. COVID-19 fear in Eastern Europe: Validation of the fear of COVID-19 scale. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2020;[Epub ahead of print]. doi: 10.1007/s11469-020-00283-3.
• García-Reyna B, Castillo-García GD, Barbosa-Camacho FJ, Cervantes-Cardona GA, Cervantes-Pérez E, Torres-Mendoza BM, et al. Fear of COVID-19 scale for hospital staff in regional hospitals in Mexico: a brief report. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2020;[Epub ahead of print]. doi: 10.1007/s11469-020-00413-x.
• Öğütlü H. Turkey's response to COVID-19 in terms of mental health. Ir J Psychol Med. 2020:37(3):222-5.
• Greenberg N, Weston D, Hall C, Caulfield T, Williamson V, Fong K. Mental health of staff working in intensive care during COVID-19. Occup Med (Lond). 2021;71(2):62-7.
• Bukhari EE, Temsah MH, Aleyadhy AA, Alrabiaa AA, Alhboob AA, Jamal AA, et al. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak perceptions of risk and stress evaluation in nurses. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2016;10(8):845-50.
• McHenry J, Carrier N, Hull E, Kabbaj M. Sex differences in anxiety and depression: role of testosterone. Front Neuroendocrinol. 2014;35(1):42-57.
• Arı M, Duman T. COVID-19 and mental health. Duzce Med J. 2020;22(Special Issue):19-22.
• Altun F. How the COVID-19 pandemic, the crisis of the century, impacted social life and women’s socio-economic status. Marmara Univ J Women Gend Stud. 2021;5(1):51-73.
• Huang JZ, Han MF, Luo TD, Ren AK, Zhou XP. [Mental health survey of medical staff in a tertiary infectious disease hospital for COVID-19]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2020;38(3):192-5. Chinese.