The Use and Importance of Procalcitonin as a Biomarker in Veterinary Clinical Practice

Year 2022, Volume: 15 Issue: 2, 116 - 120, 31.12.2022

Florim Kollçaku , Abdullah Kayar , Banu Dokuzeylül , Erman Or

https://doi.org/10.47027/duvetfd.1155738

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Bir Akut Faz Protein Olan Prokalsitonin’in Biyobelirteç Olarak Veteriner Hekimlik Klinik Pratiğinde Kullanımı ve Önemi

Abstract

Veteriner hekimlikte klinik şartlarında septisemi vakalarının erken saptanması ve prognozunun değerlendirilmesi veteriner hekimler için oldukça güçtür. Bu konuda seri kullanılan belirteçler yetersiz ve spesifik değildir. Bu nedenle son yıllarda glikoprotein yapıda, bir akut faz protein olan prokalsitoninin diagnostik etkilerine olan ilgi artmıştır.
Prokalsitonin (PCT), kalsitonin (CT) hormonunun prekürsörü olan, primer olarak tiroid bezindeki C-hücrelerince ve küçük miktarlarda da akciğer ve bağırsak gibi organlardaki nöroendokrin dokularca sentezlenen, kalsiyum homeostazisinde düzenleyici olarak görev alan öncül bir proteindir.
Genel manada inflamasyon, vücuda hasar veren bir uyaran ve bu söz konusu hasarın önüne geçmek adına; kapillar dilatasyon, lökosit infiltrasyonu, kızarıklık, ısı artışları, şişlik ve ağrıyla seyreden, hücresel hasara yol açan lokal yanıt olarak tanımlanmakta ve bu reaksiyon, zararlı ajanların ve hasarlı dokunun vücuttan uzaklaştırılmasını sağlayan mekanizmayı başlatmaktadır.
Bu derlemede, hayvanlarda septisemi durumlarını saptamak, bu vakalarda prognozu yorumlamak, bakteriyel ve viral hastalıkları birbirinden ayırt etmek, uyguladığımız antibiyotiklerin etkilerini değerlendirmek ve veteriner hekimlik alanında yeni bir belirteç olarak kullanılabileceğine inandığımız prokalsitonin hakkında detaylı bilgi verilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Keywords

Prokalsitonin, sepsis, veteriner hekimlik

References

• 1. Mehanic S, Baljic R. The importance of serum procalcitonin in diagnosis and treatment of serious bacterial infection and sepsis. Mater Sociomed.2013;25(4):277-281.
• 2. Chivate C. G, Belwalkar G. J, Limaye R. P, Patil V. Procalcitonin as a marker for the diagnosis of sepsis. Int J Res Med Sci. 2016;4(4):1216-1218.
• 3. Leli Ch, Ferranti M, Moretti A, Salim Al Dhahab Z, Cenci E, MencacciA. Procalcitonin Levels in Gram-Positiv , Gram-Negative, and Fungal Bloodstream Infection. Hindawi 2015; 701480.
• 4. Mustafic S, Brkic S, Prnjavorac B, Sinanovic A, Porobic-Jahic H, Salkic S. Diagnostic and prognostic value of procalcitonin in patients with sepsis. Med Glas. 2018;15(2):93-100.
• 5. Davies J. Procalcitonin. To cite: Davis J. J Clin Pathol. 2015; 68:675-679
• 6. Clec’h Ch, Ferreire F, Karoubi Ph, Fosse J, Cupa M, Hoang Ph, Cohen Y. Diagnostic and prognostic value of procalcitonin in patient with septic shock. Crit. Care Med. 2004;32(5):1166-1169
• 7. Okada Y, Hisanori M, Takeshi T, Mashiko K, Yoshinari I, Kunihisa K, Hirokazu K, Akihiro M, Serum procalcitonin concentration in patients with Kawasaki diseases. Sci Direct. 2004;48(2):199-205.
• 8. Bouadma L, Luyt Ch, Tubach F, Cracco Ch, Alvarez A, Schwebel C, Schortgen F, Lasocki S, Veber B, Dehoux M, Bernard M, Pasquet B, Regnier B, Brun-Buisson Ch, Chastre J, Wolff M. Use of procalcitonin to reduce patients’ exposure to antibiotics in intensive care units (Prorata trail): a multicenter randomized controlled trail. Sci. Direct. 2010;375(9713):463-474.
• 9. Matur E, Eraslan E, Çötelioğlu Ü. Biology of procalcitonin and its potential role in veterinary medicine. Jour. of Ist. Vet. Sci. 2017;1(1):16-27.
• 10. Nakamura M, Kono R, Nomura S, Utsunomiya H. Procalcitonin: Mysterious protein in sepsis. J Basic Clin Med. 2013; 2(1): 7-11.
• 11. Whang KT, Wath SD, Becker KL, Snider RH, Nylen ES, Muller B, Li Q, Tamarkin L, White JC. Procalcitonin and proinflammatory cytokine interactions in sepsis. Eur. PMC. 2000;14(1):73-78.
• 12. Schroeder S, Hochreiter M, Koehler T, Schweiger A-M, Bein B, Keck F.S, von Spiegel T. Procalcitonin (PCT)-guided algorithm reduces length of antibiotic treatment in surgical intensive care patients with severe sepsis: results of a prospective randomized study. Spri. Link. 2009;394(161)221-226.
• 13. Briel M MD, Scheutz Ph MD, Mueller B MD. Procalcitonin-Guided Antibiotic Use vs a Standard Approach for Acute Respiratory Tract Infection in Primary Care. JAMA Int. Med. 2008;168(18):2000-2007.
• 14. Assicot M PhD, Bohuon C PhD, Gendrel D MD, Raymond J MD, Carsin H MD, Guilbaud J MD. High serum procalcitonin concentrations in patient with sepsis and infection. Sci Direct. 1993;341(8844):515-518
• 15. M Steinwald P, T Whang K, L Becker K, H Snider R, S Nylen E, C White J. Elevated procalcitonin precursor levels are related to mortality in an animal model of sepsis. Crit Care 1999;3:11-16.
• 16. Becker KL, Nylen ES, White JC, Müller B, Snider Jr RH. Clinical review 167: Procalcitonin and the calcitonin gene family of peptides in inflammation, infection,and sepsis: a journey from calcitonin back to its precursors, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2004;89(4):1512-1525.
• 17. Jin M, I. Khan A. Procalcitonin: uses in the clinical laboratory for the diagnosis of sepsis, Laboratory Medicine. 2010;41(3):173-177.
• 18. Carrol ED, Thomson APJ, Hart CA. Procalcitonin as a marker of sepsis. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2002;20(1):1-9.
• 19. Gendrel D, Bohuon C. Procalcitonin as a marker of bacterial infection. Pediatr Infect Dic J. 2000;19(8):679-88.
• 20. Maruna P, Nedelnikova K, Gürlich R. Physiology and genetics of procalcitonin. Physiol Res. 2000;49(1):57-61.
• 21. Oczenski W, Fitzgerald R:D and Scwarz S. Procalcitonin: a new parameter for the diagnosis of bacterial infection in the peri-operative perion. European Journal of Anesthesiology. 1998;15(2):202-209.
• 22. Schneider H, Lam, Q.T. Procalcitonin for the clinical laboratory: a review. Pathology. 2007;39(4):383–390.
• 23. Meisner, M. Update on Procalcitonin Measurements. Ann. Lab Med. 2014;34:263–273.
• 24. Yamada H, Matsuda S, Ushio Y, Nakamura K, Kobatake S, Satomura S, Matsuura S. Determination of procalcitonin concentration using the SphereLight 180 clinical auto-analyzer. Clin. Chim. Acta. 2008;388(1-2):38–40.
• 25. Dipalo M, Gnocchi C, Avanzini P, Musa R, Di Pietro M, Aloe R. Comparison of Procalcitonin Assays on KRYPTOR and LIAISON® XL Analyzers. Diagnostics. 2019;9(3):94.
• 26. Baldini F, Bolzoni L, Giannetti A, Kess M, Kramer P.M, Kremmer E, Porro G, Senesi F, Trono C. A new procalcitonin optical immunosensor for POCT applications. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2009;393:1183–1190.
• 27. Sener G, Ozgur E, Rad A.Y, Uzun L, Say R, Denizli A. Rapid real-time detection of procalcitonin using a microcontact imprinted surface plasmon resonance biosensor. Analyst. 2013;138:6422–6428.
• 28. Lee H. Procalcitonin as a biomarker of infectious diseases. Korean J Intern Med. 2013;28(3):285-291.
• 29. Bonelli F, Meucci V, Divers T.J, Boccardo A, Pravettoni D, Meylan M, Belloli A.G, Sgorbini M. Plasma procalcitonin concentration in healthy calves and those with septic systemic inflmatory response syndrome. The Vet J. 2018;234:61-65.
• 30. El-Deeb W, Fayez M, Alhumam N, Elsohaby I, A Quadri S, Mkrtchyan H. The effect of staphylococcal mastitis including resistant strains on serum procalcitonin, neopterin, acute phase response and stress biomarkers in Holstein dairy cows. Peer J. 2021;9:e11511.
• 31. Akgul G, Akgul MB, Ozen D, S Kahya D. Comparison of serum procalcitoin, haptoglobin and C-reactive protein level in goat with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Indian J. Anim. Res. 2018;52(12):1778-1781.
• 32. Floras A, Holowaychuk M, Hodgins D, Marr H, Birkenheuer A, Sharif S, Bersenas A, Bienzle D. Investigation of a commercial ELISA for the detection of canine procalcitonin. J. Vet. Int. Med. 2014;28(2):599–602.
• 33. Goggs R, Milloway M, Troia R, Giunti M. Plasma procalcitonin concentrations are increased in dogs with sepsis. Vet. Rec. Open. 2018;5(1):e000255.
• 34. Easley F, Holowaychuk M.K, Lashnits E.W, Nordone S.K, Marr H, Birkenheuer A.J. Serum procalcitonin concentrations in dogs with induced endotoxemia. J. Vet. Int. Med. 2020;34(2):653–658.
• 35. Yilmaz Z, Ilcol Y.O, Ulus I.H. Endotoxin increases plasma leptin and ghrelin levels in dogs. Crit. Care Med. 2008;36(3):828–833.
• 36. Giunti M, Peli A, Battilani M, Zacchini S, Militerano G, M Otto C. Evaluation of CALCC-I gene (CALCA) expression in tissues of dogs with signs of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome. J Vet Emerg Crit Care. 2010;20(5):523–527.
• 37. Kuzi Sh, Aroch I, Peleg K, Karnieli O, Kelment E, Dank G. Canin procalcitonin messenger RNA expression. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2008;20(5):629-633.
• 38. Troia R, Giunti M, Goggs R. Plasma procalcitonin concentrations predict organ dysfunction and outcome in dogs with sepsis. BMC Vet Research. 2018;14:111.
• 39. Goggs R, Milloway M, Troia R, Giunti M. Plasma procalcitonin concentration are increased in dogs with sepsis. VetRec. Open. 2018;5(1):e000255.
• 40. Matur E, Or E, Dokuzeylül B, Özcan M, Çetinkaya H, Arslan M, Erhan S, Çötelioğlu Ü. Can procalcitonin be used as a clinical biomarker during bacterial, viral and parasitic infections in dogs. Jap. Jour. of Vet. Res. 2021;69(1):5-17.
• 41. Pusterla N, Gary Magdesian K, Mapes S. Expression of molecular markers in blood of neonatal foals with sepsis. AVMA J. 2006;67(6):1045-1049.
• 42. E Toribio R, W. Kohn C, W. Leone G, C. Capen Ch, J. Rosol Th. Molecular cloning and expression of equine calcitonin, calcitonin gene-related peptide-I, and calcitonin gene-related peptide-II. Mol. and Cell. Endo. 2002;199:119-128.
• 43. Rieger M, Kochleus C, Teschner D, Rascher D, K. Barton A, Geerlof A, Kremmer E, Schmid M, Hartmann A, Gehlen H. A new ELISA for the quantification of equine procalcitonin in plasma as potential inflammation biomarker in horses. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2014;446:5507–5512.
• 44. Bonelli F, Meucci V, Divers T.J, Wagner B, Intorre L, Sgorbini M. Kinetics of plasma procalcitonin, soluble CD14, CCL2 and IL-10 after a sublethal infusion of lipopolysaccharide in horses. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 2017; 184:29–35.
• 45. Teschner D, Rieger M, Koopmann C, Gehlen H. Procalcitonin in horses with an acute colic. CABI Direct. 2015;31(4):371–377.
• 46. Bonelli F, Meucci V, Divers T.J, Jose-Cunilleras E, Corazza M, Tognetti R, Guidi G, Intorre L, Sgorbini M. Plasma procalcitonin concentration in healthy horses and horses affected by systemic ınflammatory response syndrome. J. Vet. Int. Med. 2015;29(6):1689–1691.