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AHŞAP KORUYUCULARLA MUAMELE EDİLMİŞ BAZI AĞAÇ MALZEMELERİN YANMASIYLA ORTAYA ÇIKAN GAZ EMİSYON MİKTARLARI

Year 2017, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 503 - 514, 15.12.2017

Ş.şadiye Yaşar , Musa Atar

Abstract

- Bu çalışma koruyucu maddelerle muamele edilmiş, üst yüzey işlemlerinden
geçmiş ağaç malzemenin yanması ile ortaya çıkan O2, CO2,
CO ve NOx miktarlarının tespit edilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu maksatla sarıçam (Pinus sylvestris L.), sapsız meşe (Quercus
petraea L.) ve Doğu kayını (Fagus orientalis L.) odunlarından ASTM–E 160-50 [1] yanma standardına göre hazırlanan
örnekler, ASTM-D 1413-76 [2] standardına göre tanalith-E (T) ve wolmanit-CB (WC)
ile emprenye edilip, ASTM-D 3023 [3]’ e göre sentetik (St) ve su bazlı (Sb)
vernik uygulanmıştır.



Sonuç olarak Doğu
kayını örnekleri kor halde yanmada O2 miktarını azaltıp, CO, CO2
ve NOx miktarını yükseltmiştir. Wolmanit CB tüm yanma aşamalarında O2
miktarını yükseltmiş, CO2 ve NOx miktarlarını
azaltmıştır. Sentetik vernik yanma aşamalarında O2 miktarını
yükseltmiştir.

Keywords

Wood material impregnation varnish combustion gases emission

References

  • [1]. ASTM E 160-50., (1975). Standard test method for combustible properties of treated wood by the cribe test. West Conshohocken, PA, USA: ASTM Standards [2]. ASTM-D 1413-76., (1976). Standart test methods of testing wood preservatives by laboratory soilblock cultures, Annual Book of Astm Standarts. USA, 452-460. [3]. ASTM-E 160-50., (1975). Standart test method for combustible properties of terated wood by the crib test. ASTM Standards, USA. [4]. Forest Products Laboratory - USDA., (2010). Wood Handbook: Wood as an Engineering Material. USDA - General Technical Report, General Te, 508. https://doi.org/General Technical Report FPL-GTR-190 [5] Ibach, R. E., (2013). Biological Properties of Wood. Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites, 5, 99–126. https://doi.org/10.1201/b12487-8 [6]. EPA., (2006). Solid waste management and greenhouse gases a life cycle assessment of emissions and sinks. 3rd Ed. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. [7]. Rowell, R. M., and Dietenberger, M. A. (2013). Thermal Combustion , and Fire Retardancy of Wood. Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites, 127–149. https://doi.org/doi:10.1201/b12487-9 [8]. Poncsák, S.; Kocaefe, D.; Bouazara, M. and Pıchette, A. (2006). Effect of high temperature treatment on the mechanical properties of birch (Betula papyrifera). Wood Science and Technology 40(8): 647-663. [9]. Aydemir, D., Civi, B., Alsan, M., Can, A., Sivrikaya, H., Gunlduz,, G. and Wang, A., (2016). Mechanical, morphological and thermal properties of nano-boron nitride treated wood materials, Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología 18(1): 19 – 32. [10]. Keskin, H., Atar, M. and Izciler, M., (2009). Impacts of impregnation chemicals on combustion properties of the laminated wood materials produced combination of beech and poplar veneers, Construction and Building Materials 23(2):634-643. [11]. Keskin, H., Erturk, N. S., Colakoglu, M. H. and Korkut, S., (2013). Combustion properties of Rowan wood impregnated with various chemical materials, Int. J. Phys. Sci. 8 (19) 1022–1028. [12]. Lee H. L., Chen G. C. and Rowell R. M., (2004). Thermal properties of wood reacted with a phosphorus pentoxide–amine system, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 91 2465–2481 [13]. Deveci, I., Baysal, E., Toker, H., Yuksel, M., Turkoglu, T. and Peker, H., (2017). Thermal characterıstıcs of orıental beech wood treated wıth some leachıng resıstant borates, Wood Research, 62 (1): 91-10 2. [14]. Ayan, S., Doruk, Ş., Arslan, A.R. and Perçin, O., (2011). Effect of sodium borate solution added in the adhesive line and used as impregnatıon material on combustion properties of laminated limba wood (LVL), Technology, 14(4), 107-114 [15]. Kim, J. Y., Kim, T. S., Eom, I. Y., Kang, S. M., Cho, T. S., Choi, I. G. and Choi, J. W., (2012). Characterization Of Pyrolytic Products Obtained From Fast Pyrolysis Of Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA)- and Alkaline Copper Quaternary Compounds (ACQ)-Treated Wood Biomasses, J. Hazard. Mater. 227– 228 445–452. [16]. Marney, D. C. O. and Russell, L. J. (2008). Combined Fire Retardant and Wood Preservative Treatments for Outdoor Wood Applications – A Review of the Literature. Fire Technology, 44(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-007-0016-6. [17]. Naeher, L. P., Brauer, M., Zelikoff, J. T., Simpson, C. D., Koenig, J. Q. and Smith, K. R. (2007). Woodsmoke Health Effects : A Review, 67–106. https://doi.org/10.1080/08958370600985875 [18]. White, R. H. (1978). Oxygen Index Evaluation Of Fire-Retardant-Treated Wood. Wood Science, 12(12), 113–122. [19] Fung, D. P. C., Tsuchıya, Y. and Sumı, K., (1972). Thermal degradation of cellulose and levoglucosan - the effect of inorganic salts. Wood Science 5(1): 38 - 43. [20]. Wang, X., Wang, F., Yu, Z., Zhang, Y., Qi, C., and Du, L., (2017). Surface free energy and dynamic wettability of wood simultaneously treated with acidic dye and flame retardant. Journal of Wood Science, 63(3), 271–280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10086-017-1621-8 [21]. Wang, F., Liu, J. and Lv, W., (2017). Thermal degradation and fire performance of wood treated with PMUF resin and boron compounds, Fire and Materials, , DOI: 10.1002/fam.2445 [22]. Lu, S. Y. and Hamerton, I., (2012). Recent developments in the chemistry of halogen-free flame retardant polymers, Progress in Polymer Science 27(8), 1661-1712. [23]. Dönmez, Ç. A., (2014). Effect of various wood preservatives on limiting oxygen index levels of fir wood. Measurement: Journal of the International Measurement Confederation, 50(1), 279–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2014.01.009 [24]. Özkaya, K., (2007). The effect of potassium carbonate, borax and wolmanit on the burning characteristics of oriented strandboard (OSB), 21, 1457–1462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.07.001 [25]. Baysal, E., Deveci, I., Turkoglu, T. and Toker, H., (2017). Thermal analysis of oriental beech sawdust treated with some commercial wood preservatives. Maderas. Ciencia Y Tecnologia, 19(3). https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-221X2017005000028 [26].Hemel Ürün Kataloğu, (2017). website. [Online]. Erişim, URL: http://hemel.com.tr [27]. Bozkurt, Y., Göker, Y. and Erdin, N., (1993). Emprenye tekniği. İ.Ü.Orman Fak. Yayınları, İstanbul, 3779 (425) :125, 135 [28]. Berkel, A., (1972). Ağaç malzeme teknolojisi, ağaç malzemenin korunması ve emprenye tekniği. İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Yayınları No: 183, Sermet Matbaası, İstanbul, Cilt 2, 334. [29]. Aslan, S. and Özkaya, K., (2004). Farklı kimyasal maddelerle emprenye edilmiş ahşap esaslı levhaların yanma mukavemetinin araştırılması. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi. 2, 122-140. [30]. Yasar, Ş. Ş., Fidan, M. S., Yaşar, M., Atar, M. and Alkan, E., (2017). Combustion properties of impregnated spruce ( Picea orientalis L.) wood. Construction and Building Materials, 143, 574–579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.141 [31]. Atar, M., (1999). Renk açıcı kimyasal maddelerin ağaç malzemede üstyüzey işlemlerine etkileri. Doktora Tezi, G.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Ankara. [32]. Sigma 74172, NSU Baca Gazı Analizörü Cihazı Kullanım Kılavuzu. [34]. Fidan, M. S., Yaşar, Ş. Ş., Yaşar, M., Atar, M. and Alkan, E., (2016). Characterization of the Combustion Parameters of Impregnated and Varnished Cedar Wood ( Cedrus libani ). Forest Products Journal, 66(5–6), 290–299. https://doi.org/10.13073/FPJ-D-15-00063 [35]. Yasar, Ş. Ş., Fidan, M. S., Yaşar, M. and Atar, M., (2016). Influences of Seasonal Alterations on the Burning Characteristics of Impregnated and, 61(August 2015), 399–412. [36]. Wang, Q., Li, J. and Winandy, J.E., (2004). Chemical mechanism of fire retardance of boric acid on wood, Wood Sci. Technol. 38, 375–389. [37]. Fidan, M. S., Yaşar, Ş. Ş., Yaşar, M., Atar, M., and Alkan, E. (2016). Effect of seasonal changes on the combustion characteristics of impregnated cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) wood. Construction and Building Materials, 106, 711–720. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.133 [38]. Atar, M., Yalınkılıç, A., C. and Aksoy, E., (2010). Renk açma işleminin ağaç malzemenin yanma özelliklerine etkileri. TÜBİTAK, Proje No: 109004

Year 2017, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 503 - 514, 15.12.2017

Ş.şadiye Yaşar , Musa Atar

Abstract

References

  • [1]. ASTM E 160-50., (1975). Standard test method for combustible properties of treated wood by the cribe test. West Conshohocken, PA, USA: ASTM Standards [2]. ASTM-D 1413-76., (1976). Standart test methods of testing wood preservatives by laboratory soilblock cultures, Annual Book of Astm Standarts. USA, 452-460. [3]. ASTM-E 160-50., (1975). Standart test method for combustible properties of terated wood by the crib test. ASTM Standards, USA. [4]. Forest Products Laboratory - USDA., (2010). Wood Handbook: Wood as an Engineering Material. USDA - General Technical Report, General Te, 508. https://doi.org/General Technical Report FPL-GTR-190 [5] Ibach, R. E., (2013). Biological Properties of Wood. Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites, 5, 99–126. https://doi.org/10.1201/b12487-8 [6]. EPA., (2006). Solid waste management and greenhouse gases a life cycle assessment of emissions and sinks. 3rd Ed. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. [7]. Rowell, R. M., and Dietenberger, M. A. (2013). Thermal Combustion , and Fire Retardancy of Wood. Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites, 127–149. https://doi.org/doi:10.1201/b12487-9 [8]. Poncsák, S.; Kocaefe, D.; Bouazara, M. and Pıchette, A. (2006). Effect of high temperature treatment on the mechanical properties of birch (Betula papyrifera). Wood Science and Technology 40(8): 647-663. [9]. Aydemir, D., Civi, B., Alsan, M., Can, A., Sivrikaya, H., Gunlduz,, G. and Wang, A., (2016). Mechanical, morphological and thermal properties of nano-boron nitride treated wood materials, Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología 18(1): 19 – 32. [10]. Keskin, H., Atar, M. and Izciler, M., (2009). Impacts of impregnation chemicals on combustion properties of the laminated wood materials produced combination of beech and poplar veneers, Construction and Building Materials 23(2):634-643. [11]. Keskin, H., Erturk, N. S., Colakoglu, M. H. and Korkut, S., (2013). Combustion properties of Rowan wood impregnated with various chemical materials, Int. J. Phys. Sci. 8 (19) 1022–1028. [12]. Lee H. L., Chen G. C. and Rowell R. M., (2004). Thermal properties of wood reacted with a phosphorus pentoxide–amine system, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 91 2465–2481 [13]. Deveci, I., Baysal, E., Toker, H., Yuksel, M., Turkoglu, T. and Peker, H., (2017). Thermal characterıstıcs of orıental beech wood treated wıth some leachıng resıstant borates, Wood Research, 62 (1): 91-10 2. [14]. Ayan, S., Doruk, Ş., Arslan, A.R. and Perçin, O., (2011). Effect of sodium borate solution added in the adhesive line and used as impregnatıon material on combustion properties of laminated limba wood (LVL), Technology, 14(4), 107-114 [15]. Kim, J. Y., Kim, T. S., Eom, I. Y., Kang, S. M., Cho, T. S., Choi, I. G. and Choi, J. W., (2012). Characterization Of Pyrolytic Products Obtained From Fast Pyrolysis Of Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA)- and Alkaline Copper Quaternary Compounds (ACQ)-Treated Wood Biomasses, J. Hazard. Mater. 227– 228 445–452. [16]. Marney, D. C. O. and Russell, L. J. (2008). Combined Fire Retardant and Wood Preservative Treatments for Outdoor Wood Applications – A Review of the Literature. Fire Technology, 44(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-007-0016-6. [17]. Naeher, L. P., Brauer, M., Zelikoff, J. T., Simpson, C. D., Koenig, J. Q. and Smith, K. R. (2007). Woodsmoke Health Effects : A Review, 67–106. https://doi.org/10.1080/08958370600985875 [18]. White, R. H. (1978). Oxygen Index Evaluation Of Fire-Retardant-Treated Wood. Wood Science, 12(12), 113–122. [19] Fung, D. P. C., Tsuchıya, Y. and Sumı, K., (1972). Thermal degradation of cellulose and levoglucosan - the effect of inorganic salts. Wood Science 5(1): 38 - 43. [20]. Wang, X., Wang, F., Yu, Z., Zhang, Y., Qi, C., and Du, L., (2017). Surface free energy and dynamic wettability of wood simultaneously treated with acidic dye and flame retardant. Journal of Wood Science, 63(3), 271–280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10086-017-1621-8 [21]. Wang, F., Liu, J. and Lv, W., (2017). Thermal degradation and fire performance of wood treated with PMUF resin and boron compounds, Fire and Materials, , DOI: 10.1002/fam.2445 [22]. Lu, S. Y. and Hamerton, I., (2012). Recent developments in the chemistry of halogen-free flame retardant polymers, Progress in Polymer Science 27(8), 1661-1712. [23]. Dönmez, Ç. A., (2014). Effect of various wood preservatives on limiting oxygen index levels of fir wood. Measurement: Journal of the International Measurement Confederation, 50(1), 279–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2014.01.009 [24]. Özkaya, K., (2007). The effect of potassium carbonate, borax and wolmanit on the burning characteristics of oriented strandboard (OSB), 21, 1457–1462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.07.001 [25]. Baysal, E., Deveci, I., Turkoglu, T. and Toker, H., (2017). Thermal analysis of oriental beech sawdust treated with some commercial wood preservatives. Maderas. Ciencia Y Tecnologia, 19(3). https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-221X2017005000028 [26].Hemel Ürün Kataloğu, (2017). website. [Online]. Erişim, URL: http://hemel.com.tr [27]. Bozkurt, Y., Göker, Y. and Erdin, N., (1993). Emprenye tekniği. İ.Ü.Orman Fak. Yayınları, İstanbul, 3779 (425) :125, 135 [28]. Berkel, A., (1972). Ağaç malzeme teknolojisi, ağaç malzemenin korunması ve emprenye tekniği. İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Yayınları No: 183, Sermet Matbaası, İstanbul, Cilt 2, 334. [29]. Aslan, S. and Özkaya, K., (2004). Farklı kimyasal maddelerle emprenye edilmiş ahşap esaslı levhaların yanma mukavemetinin araştırılması. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi. 2, 122-140. [30]. Yasar, Ş. Ş., Fidan, M. S., Yaşar, M., Atar, M. and Alkan, E., (2017). Combustion properties of impregnated spruce ( Picea orientalis L.) wood. Construction and Building Materials, 143, 574–579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.141 [31]. Atar, M., (1999). Renk açıcı kimyasal maddelerin ağaç malzemede üstyüzey işlemlerine etkileri. Doktora Tezi, G.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Ankara. [32]. Sigma 74172, NSU Baca Gazı Analizörü Cihazı Kullanım Kılavuzu. [34]. Fidan, M. S., Yaşar, Ş. Ş., Yaşar, M., Atar, M. and Alkan, E., (2016). Characterization of the Combustion Parameters of Impregnated and Varnished Cedar Wood ( Cedrus libani ). Forest Products Journal, 66(5–6), 290–299. https://doi.org/10.13073/FPJ-D-15-00063 [35]. Yasar, Ş. Ş., Fidan, M. S., Yaşar, M. and Atar, M., (2016). Influences of Seasonal Alterations on the Burning Characteristics of Impregnated and, 61(August 2015), 399–412. [36]. Wang, Q., Li, J. and Winandy, J.E., (2004). Chemical mechanism of fire retardance of boric acid on wood, Wood Sci. Technol. 38, 375–389. [37]. Fidan, M. S., Yaşar, Ş. Ş., Yaşar, M., Atar, M., and Alkan, E. (2016). Effect of seasonal changes on the combustion characteristics of impregnated cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) wood. Construction and Building Materials, 106, 711–720. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.133 [38]. Atar, M., Yalınkılıç, A., C. and Aksoy, E., (2010). Renk açma işleminin ağaç malzemenin yanma özelliklerine etkileri. TÜBİTAK, Proje No: 109004
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Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ş.şadiye Yaşar

Musa Atar This is me

Publication Date December 15, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 6 Issue: 3

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APA Yaşar, Ş., & Atar, M. (2017). AHŞAP KORUYUCULARLA MUAMELE EDİLMİŞ BAZI AĞAÇ MALZEMELERİN YANMASIYLA ORTAYA ÇIKAN GAZ EMİSYON MİKTARLARI. İleri Teknoloji Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(3), 503-514.
AMA Yaşar Ş, Atar M. AHŞAP KORUYUCULARLA MUAMELE EDİLMİŞ BAZI AĞAÇ MALZEMELERİN YANMASIYLA ORTAYA ÇIKAN GAZ EMİSYON MİKTARLARI. İleri Teknoloji Bilimleri Dergisi. December 2017;6(3):503-514.
Chicago Yaşar, Ş.şadiye, and Musa Atar. “AHŞAP KORUYUCULARLA MUAMELE EDİLMİŞ BAZI AĞAÇ MALZEMELERİN YANMASIYLA ORTAYA ÇIKAN GAZ EMİSYON MİKTARLARI”. İleri Teknoloji Bilimleri Dergisi 6, no. 3 (December 2017): 503-14.
EndNote Yaşar Ş, Atar M (December 1, 2017) AHŞAP KORUYUCULARLA MUAMELE EDİLMİŞ BAZI AĞAÇ MALZEMELERİN YANMASIYLA ORTAYA ÇIKAN GAZ EMİSYON MİKTARLARI. İleri Teknoloji Bilimleri Dergisi 6 3 503–514.
IEEE Ş. Yaşar and M. Atar, “AHŞAP KORUYUCULARLA MUAMELE EDİLMİŞ BAZI AĞAÇ MALZEMELERİN YANMASIYLA ORTAYA ÇIKAN GAZ EMİSYON MİKTARLARI”, İleri Teknoloji Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 503–514, 2017.
ISNAD Yaşar, Ş.şadiye - Atar, Musa. “AHŞAP KORUYUCULARLA MUAMELE EDİLMİŞ BAZI AĞAÇ MALZEMELERİN YANMASIYLA ORTAYA ÇIKAN GAZ EMİSYON MİKTARLARI”. İleri Teknoloji Bilimleri Dergisi 6/3 (December 2017), 503-514.
JAMA Yaşar Ş, Atar M. AHŞAP KORUYUCULARLA MUAMELE EDİLMİŞ BAZI AĞAÇ MALZEMELERİN YANMASIYLA ORTAYA ÇIKAN GAZ EMİSYON MİKTARLARI. İleri Teknoloji Bilimleri Dergisi. 2017;6:503–514.
MLA Yaşar, Ş.şadiye and Musa Atar. “AHŞAP KORUYUCULARLA MUAMELE EDİLMİŞ BAZI AĞAÇ MALZEMELERİN YANMASIYLA ORTAYA ÇIKAN GAZ EMİSYON MİKTARLARI”. İleri Teknoloji Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 3, 2017, pp. 503-14.
Vancouver Yaşar Ş, Atar M. AHŞAP KORUYUCULARLA MUAMELE EDİLMİŞ BAZI AĞAÇ MALZEMELERİN YANMASIYLA ORTAYA ÇIKAN GAZ EMİSYON MİKTARLARI. İleri Teknoloji Bilimleri Dergisi. 2017;6(3):503-14.