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AZERBAYCAN SOVYET SOSYALİST CUMHURİYETİ'NDE PROPAGANDA POSTERLERİ ÜZERİNDEN STALİN'İN LİDERLİK KÜLTÜNÜN İNŞASI

Year 2020, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 984 - 1010, 30.09.2020

Sadık Çalışkan

https://doi.org/10.19145/e-gifder.717676

Abstract

Liderlik kültü, bir kişinin kitle iletişim araçları kullanılarak, bulunduğu toplumda yüceltilmesi ve diğer insanlardan farklı bir pozisyonda konumlandırılmasını ifade etmektedir. Sovyetler Birliği, liderlik kültünü egemenliği altında bulunan toplumlar üzerinde tahakküm kurmak için propaganda amaçlı kullanmıştır. Özellikle Sovyetler Birliği Komünist Parti genel sekreteri Josef Stalin döneminde, gerek Sovyetler Birliği'nde gerekse Sovyetler Birliği'nin etkisi altındaki Doğu Blok'u ülkelerinde Stalin'in liderlik kültüne yönelik etkili şekilde propaganda faaliyeti gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Azerbaycan Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti'nde (ASSC) Stalin'in liderlik kültünün propaganda posterleri üzerinden inşası incelenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında Komünizm'in meşrulaştırılması sürecinde Stalin liderlik kültü üzerinden hangi mesajların verildiğinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla çalışma kapsamında Stalin'in liderlik kültünü konu alan propaganda posterleri, ABD'li dilbilimci Charles William Morris'in göstergebilim kavramları ışığında analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda Stalin liderliğindeki komünist rejimde Azerbaycan halkının ekonomik, toplumsal ve kültürel yönden refaha kavuştuğu ve toplum genelinde eşitliğin elde edildiğine yönelik propagandanın yapıldığı ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Bu şekilde Azerbaycan halkına, Stalin tarafından alınan kararların benimsetilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Keywords

Azerbaycan propaganda liderlik kültü Stalin Komünizm

References

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  • ALİYEVA, Sevinj İsrafil (2019). "The Place of Tatar Muslims from Volga in the Framework of Educational Process in the Azerbaijan SSR in 1920s (from the Archives in the Republic of Azerbaijan)", Minbar Islamic Studies, 12(2), p. 388-420.
  • ALTSTADT, Audrey L. (1988). "Nagorno‐Karabagh—Apple of Discord in the Azerbaijan SSR", Central Asian Survey, 7(4), p. 63-78.
  • ALTSTADT, Audrey L. (2016). The Politics of Culture in Soviet Azerbaijan, 1920-40. The United Kingdom: Routledge.
  • APOR, Balázs (2014). Sovietisation, Imperial Rule and the Stalinist Leader Cult in Central and Eastern Europe. (Editors). Róisín Healy & Enrico Dal Lago, The Shadow of Colonialism on Europe’s Modern Past, London: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 228-244.
  • BEHRENDS, Jan C. (2004). Exporting the Leader: The Stalin Cult in Poland and East Germany (1944/45–1956). (Editors). Balázs Apor, Jan C. Behrends, Polly Jones, E. A. Rees, The Leader Cult in Communist Dictatorships, London: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 161-178.
  • Centremlm (2020). Yedinci Görsel, http:// centremlm. be/ Le- XIXe- congres- du- PCUS- b- 1er- partie -la- signification- historique- du- XIXe, Erişim Tarihi: 16.02.2020.
  • DAVIES, Sarah (2004). Stalin and the Making of the Leader Cult in the 1930s. (Editors). Balázs Apor, Jan C. Behrends, Polly Jones, E. A. Rees, The Leader Cult in Communist Dictatorships, London: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 29-46.
  • DOBSON, Miriam (2005). "Contesting the Paradigms of De-Stalinization: Readers' Responses to One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich", Slavic Review, 64(3), p. 580-600.
  • ENNKER, Benno (2004). The Stalin Cult, Bolshevik Rule and Kremlin Interaction in the 1930s. (Editors). Balázs Apor, Jan C. Behrends, Polly Jones, E. A. Rees, The Leader Cult in Communist Dictatorships, London: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 83-101.
  • GOLDBERG, Lorna (1997). "A Psychoanalytic Look at Recovered Memories, Therapists, Cult Leaders, and Undue Influence", Clinical Social Work Journal, 25(1), p. 71-86.
  • HASANLİ, Jamil (2014). Khrushchev's Thaw and National Identity in Soviet Azerbaijan, 1954–1959, The United States: Lexington Books.
  • HEYAT, Farideh (2014). Azeri Women in Transition: Women in Soviet and Post-Soviet Azerbaijan, The United Kingdom: Routledge.
  • JONES, Polly (2006). “A Symptom of the Times”: Assigning Responsibility for the Stalin Cult in the Soviet Literary Community, 1953–64, Forum for Modern Language Studies, The United Kingdom: Oxford University Press, 42(2), p. 151-167.
  • KAŞTAN, Yüksel (2018). "Alman Kaynaklarına Göre I. Dünya Savaşı'nda Ruslarla Almanlar Arasında Brest-Litovsk Barış Süreci Müzakereleri ve Barış Antlaşması", Journal of International Social Research, 11(60), s. 362-372.
  • KEEGAN, John (2016). İkinci Dünya Savaşı, (Çev: Samet Öksüz), İstanbul: Say Yayınları.
  • KELLY, Catriona (2004). Grandpa Lenin and Uncle Stalin: Soviet Leader Cult for Little Children. (Editors). Balázs Apor, Jan C. Behrends, Polly Jones, E. A. Rees, The Leader Cult in Communist Dictatorships, London: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 102-122.
  • KELLY, Catriona (2005). "Riding the Magic Carpet: Children and Leader Cult in the Stalin Era", The Slavic and East European Journal, 49(2), p. 199-224.
  • LAPORTE, Norman & MORGAN, Kevin (2008). ‘Kings among Their Subjects’? Ernst Thälmann, Harry Pollitt and the Leadership Cult as Stalinization. (Editors). Norman LaPorte, Kevin Morgan, Matthew Worley, Bolshevism, Stalinism and the Comintern, London: Macmillan, p. 124-145.
  • LARSON, Thomas B. (1968). "Dismantling the Cults of Stalin and Khrushchev", Western Political Quarterly, 21(3), p.383-390.
  • LEESE, Daniel (2016). Rituals, Emotions and Mobilization: The Leader Cult and Party Politics. (Editors). Paul Corner, Jie-Hyun Lim, The Palgrave Handbook of Mass Dictatorship, London: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 217-228.
  • LIVE JOURNAL (2020). Altıncı Görsel, https:// dipifr1968. livejournal. com 671847. html, Erişim Tarihi: 16.02.2020.
  • MACKSEY, Kenneth John (2012). İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nda Askeri Hatalar, (Çev: M. Tanju Akad), İstanbul: İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • MCNAB, Chris (2015). Hitler'in Ordusu, Nazi Savaş Makinesinin Tarihi, 1939-1945, (Çev: Okan Doğan), İstanbul: Timaş Yayınları.
  • MELNICK, A. James (1976). "Soviet Perceptions of the Maoist Cult of Personality", Studies in Comparative Communism, 9(1-2), p. 129-144.
  • MÜLLER, Daniel (2000a). "The Kurds of Soviet Azerbaijan, 1920-91", Central Asian Survey, 19(1), p. 41-77.
  • MÜLLER, Daniel (2000b). "The Kurds and the Kurdish Language in Soviet Azerbaijan according to the All-Union Census of December 17, 1926", Journal of Kurdish Studies, 3, p. 61-84.
  • OP (2020). Sekizinci Görsel, https:// www. ourbaku. com/ index. php /% D0 %A4 %D0 %B0 %D0 %B9 %D0 %BB: Prizyv)_ 1946. jpg, Erişim Tarihi: 16.02.2020.
  • PISCH, Anita (2016). The Personality Cult of Stalin in Soviet Posters, 1929–1953: Archetypes, Inventions and Fabrications, Australia: ANU Press.
  • PLAMPER, Jan (2004). Georgian Koba or Soviet ‘Father of Peoples’? The Stalin Cult and Ethnicity. (Editors). Balázs Apor, Jan C. Behrends, Polly Jones, E. A. Rees, The Leader Cult in Communist Dictatorships, London: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 123-140.
  • REDAVANTGARDE (2020). Üçüncü Görsel, http:// redavantgarde. com/ en/ collection/ show- collection/ 1618- glory -to- great -stalin- .html? languageId =1, Erişim Tarihi: 16.02.2020.
  • REESE, R. Roger (1992). "The Impact of the Great Purge on the Red Army: Wrestling with Hard Numbers", The Soviet and Post-Soviet Review, 19(1), p. 71-90.
  • RIASANOVSKY, V. Nicholas ve STEINBERG, D. Mark (2011). Rusya Tarihi, (Çev: Figen Dereli), İstanbul: İnkılap Yayınları.
  • RİFAT, Mehmet (2013). Açıklamalı Göstergebilim Sözlüğü: Kavramlar, Yöntemler, Kuramcılar, Okullar. İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • SALTLAKECO (2020). İkinci Görsel, http:// saltlakeco. com/ 1938- soviet- communist- stalin -lenin- propaganda- poster- real- canvas- art- print/, Erişim Tarihi: 16.02.2020.
  • STRACHAN, Hew (2014). Birinci Dünya Savaşı, (Çev: Ümit Hüsrev Yolsal), İstanbul: Say Yayınları.
  • STRONG, Carol & KILLINGSWORTH, Matt (2011). "Stalin the Charismatic Leader?: Explaining The ‘Cult of Personality’ as a Legitimation Technique", Politics, Religion & Ideology, 12(4), p. 391-411.
  • TİPOLOG (2020). Birinci Görsel ve Beşinci Görsel, https:// tipolog. livejournal. com/ 76587. html, Erişim Tarihi: 16.02.2020.
  • TOHIDI, N. (1996). Soviet in Public, Azeri in Private: Gender, Islam, and Nationality in Soviet and Post-Soviet Azerbaijan.Women's Studies International Forum The United Kingdom: Pergamon, 19(1-2), p. 111-123.
  • TOHIDI, Nayereh (1997). "The Intersection of Gender, Ethnicity and Islam in Soviet and Post‐Soviet Azerbaijan", Nationalities Papers, 25(1), s. 147-167.
  • TUCKER, Robert C. (1979). "The Rise of Stalin's Personality Cult", The American Historical Review, 84(2), p. 347-366.
  • TURAN, Refik (2019). "Sovyet Resmi Tarihçiliğinde Müsavatçılara ve Azerbaycan Demokratik Cumhuriyeti'ne Yaklaşım", Turkish History Education Journal, 8(1), s.263-289.
  • WORDPRESS (2020). Dördüncü Görsel, https:// dilqemehmed. wordpress. com /2014 /04/ 28/ musavatin- %C9 %99 leyhin %C9 %99- yazilan- asiq- seirl %C9 %99ri/, Erişim Tarihi: 16.02.2020.
  • YİLMAZ, Harun (2013). "The Soviet Union and the Construction of Azerbaijani National İdentity in the 1930s", Iranian Studies, 46(4), p. 511-533.
  • ZASLAVSKY, Viktor (1979). "The Rebirth of the Stalin Cult in the USSR", Telos, 1979(40), p. 5-18.

THE CONSTRUCTION OF STALIN'S PERSONALITY CULT THROUGH PROPAGANDA POSTERS IN AZERBAIJAN SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLIC

Year 2020, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 984 - 1010, 30.09.2020

Sadık Çalışkan

https://doi.org/10.19145/e-gifder.717676

Abstract

Leadership cult refers to the glorification of a person in the society and to be positioned in a different position from other people by using mass media. Soviet Union used personality cult for propaganda purposes to dominate the societies under its sovereignty. Especially, an effective propaganda activity regarding Stalin's leadership cult was made in the countries of Soviet Union and Eastern Block under influence of Soviet Union in the period of Soviet Union Communist Party general secretary Josef Stalin. The construction of personality cult of Communist Party secretary general of Soviet Union, Josef Stalin through propaganda posters in Soviet Socialist Republic of Azerbaijan (ASSC) was examined in this study. It was aimed to reveal which messages were given through Stalin's personality cult in the process of legitimizing Communism in the study. For this purpose, propaganda posters on Stalin's personality cult were analyzed in the light of semiotics concepts of US linguist Charles William Morris. As a result of the study, it was revealed to make propaganda that Azerbaijani people were prospered economically, socially and culturally and that equality was achieved throughout the society in the communist regime led by Stalin. In this way, it was aimed that Azerbaijani people adopted the decisions taken by Stalin.

Keywords

Azerbaijan Propaganda Personality Cult Stalin Communism

References

  • AKİFOĞLU, Vugar (2017). "Azerbaycan'da Milli Direniş (1917-1930)", Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 57(2), s. 776-795.
  • ALİYEVA, Sevinj İsrafil (2019). "The Place of Tatar Muslims from Volga in the Framework of Educational Process in the Azerbaijan SSR in 1920s (from the Archives in the Republic of Azerbaijan)", Minbar Islamic Studies, 12(2), p. 388-420.
  • ALTSTADT, Audrey L. (1988). "Nagorno‐Karabagh—Apple of Discord in the Azerbaijan SSR", Central Asian Survey, 7(4), p. 63-78.
  • ALTSTADT, Audrey L. (2016). The Politics of Culture in Soviet Azerbaijan, 1920-40. The United Kingdom: Routledge.
  • APOR, Balázs (2014). Sovietisation, Imperial Rule and the Stalinist Leader Cult in Central and Eastern Europe. (Editors). Róisín Healy & Enrico Dal Lago, The Shadow of Colonialism on Europe’s Modern Past, London: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 228-244.
  • BEHRENDS, Jan C. (2004). Exporting the Leader: The Stalin Cult in Poland and East Germany (1944/45–1956). (Editors). Balázs Apor, Jan C. Behrends, Polly Jones, E. A. Rees, The Leader Cult in Communist Dictatorships, London: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 161-178.
  • Centremlm (2020). Yedinci Görsel, http:// centremlm. be/ Le- XIXe- congres- du- PCUS- b- 1er- partie -la- signification- historique- du- XIXe, Erişim Tarihi: 16.02.2020.
  • DAVIES, Sarah (2004). Stalin and the Making of the Leader Cult in the 1930s. (Editors). Balázs Apor, Jan C. Behrends, Polly Jones, E. A. Rees, The Leader Cult in Communist Dictatorships, London: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 29-46.
  • DOBSON, Miriam (2005). "Contesting the Paradigms of De-Stalinization: Readers' Responses to One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich", Slavic Review, 64(3), p. 580-600.
  • ENNKER, Benno (2004). The Stalin Cult, Bolshevik Rule and Kremlin Interaction in the 1930s. (Editors). Balázs Apor, Jan C. Behrends, Polly Jones, E. A. Rees, The Leader Cult in Communist Dictatorships, London: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 83-101.
  • GOLDBERG, Lorna (1997). "A Psychoanalytic Look at Recovered Memories, Therapists, Cult Leaders, and Undue Influence", Clinical Social Work Journal, 25(1), p. 71-86.
  • HASANLİ, Jamil (2014). Khrushchev's Thaw and National Identity in Soviet Azerbaijan, 1954–1959, The United States: Lexington Books.
  • HEYAT, Farideh (2014). Azeri Women in Transition: Women in Soviet and Post-Soviet Azerbaijan, The United Kingdom: Routledge.
  • JONES, Polly (2006). “A Symptom of the Times”: Assigning Responsibility for the Stalin Cult in the Soviet Literary Community, 1953–64, Forum for Modern Language Studies, The United Kingdom: Oxford University Press, 42(2), p. 151-167.
  • KAŞTAN, Yüksel (2018). "Alman Kaynaklarına Göre I. Dünya Savaşı'nda Ruslarla Almanlar Arasında Brest-Litovsk Barış Süreci Müzakereleri ve Barış Antlaşması", Journal of International Social Research, 11(60), s. 362-372.
  • KEEGAN, John (2016). İkinci Dünya Savaşı, (Çev: Samet Öksüz), İstanbul: Say Yayınları.
  • KELLY, Catriona (2004). Grandpa Lenin and Uncle Stalin: Soviet Leader Cult for Little Children. (Editors). Balázs Apor, Jan C. Behrends, Polly Jones, E. A. Rees, The Leader Cult in Communist Dictatorships, London: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 102-122.
  • KELLY, Catriona (2005). "Riding the Magic Carpet: Children and Leader Cult in the Stalin Era", The Slavic and East European Journal, 49(2), p. 199-224.
  • LAPORTE, Norman & MORGAN, Kevin (2008). ‘Kings among Their Subjects’? Ernst Thälmann, Harry Pollitt and the Leadership Cult as Stalinization. (Editors). Norman LaPorte, Kevin Morgan, Matthew Worley, Bolshevism, Stalinism and the Comintern, London: Macmillan, p. 124-145.
  • LARSON, Thomas B. (1968). "Dismantling the Cults of Stalin and Khrushchev", Western Political Quarterly, 21(3), p.383-390.
  • LEESE, Daniel (2016). Rituals, Emotions and Mobilization: The Leader Cult and Party Politics. (Editors). Paul Corner, Jie-Hyun Lim, The Palgrave Handbook of Mass Dictatorship, London: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 217-228.
  • LIVE JOURNAL (2020). Altıncı Görsel, https:// dipifr1968. livejournal. com 671847. html, Erişim Tarihi: 16.02.2020.
  • MACKSEY, Kenneth John (2012). İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nda Askeri Hatalar, (Çev: M. Tanju Akad), İstanbul: İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • MCNAB, Chris (2015). Hitler'in Ordusu, Nazi Savaş Makinesinin Tarihi, 1939-1945, (Çev: Okan Doğan), İstanbul: Timaş Yayınları.
  • MELNICK, A. James (1976). "Soviet Perceptions of the Maoist Cult of Personality", Studies in Comparative Communism, 9(1-2), p. 129-144.
  • MÜLLER, Daniel (2000a). "The Kurds of Soviet Azerbaijan, 1920-91", Central Asian Survey, 19(1), p. 41-77.
  • MÜLLER, Daniel (2000b). "The Kurds and the Kurdish Language in Soviet Azerbaijan according to the All-Union Census of December 17, 1926", Journal of Kurdish Studies, 3, p. 61-84.
  • OP (2020). Sekizinci Görsel, https:// www. ourbaku. com/ index. php /% D0 %A4 %D0 %B0 %D0 %B9 %D0 %BB: Prizyv)_ 1946. jpg, Erişim Tarihi: 16.02.2020.
  • PISCH, Anita (2016). The Personality Cult of Stalin in Soviet Posters, 1929–1953: Archetypes, Inventions and Fabrications, Australia: ANU Press.
  • PLAMPER, Jan (2004). Georgian Koba or Soviet ‘Father of Peoples’? The Stalin Cult and Ethnicity. (Editors). Balázs Apor, Jan C. Behrends, Polly Jones, E. A. Rees, The Leader Cult in Communist Dictatorships, London: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 123-140.
  • REDAVANTGARDE (2020). Üçüncü Görsel, http:// redavantgarde. com/ en/ collection/ show- collection/ 1618- glory -to- great -stalin- .html? languageId =1, Erişim Tarihi: 16.02.2020.
  • REESE, R. Roger (1992). "The Impact of the Great Purge on the Red Army: Wrestling with Hard Numbers", The Soviet and Post-Soviet Review, 19(1), p. 71-90.
  • RIASANOVSKY, V. Nicholas ve STEINBERG, D. Mark (2011). Rusya Tarihi, (Çev: Figen Dereli), İstanbul: İnkılap Yayınları.
  • RİFAT, Mehmet (2013). Açıklamalı Göstergebilim Sözlüğü: Kavramlar, Yöntemler, Kuramcılar, Okullar. İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • SALTLAKECO (2020). İkinci Görsel, http:// saltlakeco. com/ 1938- soviet- communist- stalin -lenin- propaganda- poster- real- canvas- art- print/, Erişim Tarihi: 16.02.2020.
  • STRACHAN, Hew (2014). Birinci Dünya Savaşı, (Çev: Ümit Hüsrev Yolsal), İstanbul: Say Yayınları.
  • STRONG, Carol & KILLINGSWORTH, Matt (2011). "Stalin the Charismatic Leader?: Explaining The ‘Cult of Personality’ as a Legitimation Technique", Politics, Religion & Ideology, 12(4), p. 391-411.
  • TİPOLOG (2020). Birinci Görsel ve Beşinci Görsel, https:// tipolog. livejournal. com/ 76587. html, Erişim Tarihi: 16.02.2020.
  • TOHIDI, N. (1996). Soviet in Public, Azeri in Private: Gender, Islam, and Nationality in Soviet and Post-Soviet Azerbaijan.Women's Studies International Forum The United Kingdom: Pergamon, 19(1-2), p. 111-123.
  • TOHIDI, Nayereh (1997). "The Intersection of Gender, Ethnicity and Islam in Soviet and Post‐Soviet Azerbaijan", Nationalities Papers, 25(1), s. 147-167.
  • TUCKER, Robert C. (1979). "The Rise of Stalin's Personality Cult", The American Historical Review, 84(2), p. 347-366.
  • TURAN, Refik (2019). "Sovyet Resmi Tarihçiliğinde Müsavatçılara ve Azerbaycan Demokratik Cumhuriyeti'ne Yaklaşım", Turkish History Education Journal, 8(1), s.263-289.
  • WORDPRESS (2020). Dördüncü Görsel, https:// dilqemehmed. wordpress. com /2014 /04/ 28/ musavatin- %C9 %99 leyhin %C9 %99- yazilan- asiq- seirl %C9 %99ri/, Erişim Tarihi: 16.02.2020.
  • YİLMAZ, Harun (2013). "The Soviet Union and the Construction of Azerbaijani National İdentity in the 1930s", Iranian Studies, 46(4), p. 511-533.
  • ZASLAVSKY, Viktor (1979). "The Rebirth of the Stalin Cult in the USSR", Telos, 1979(40), p. 5-18.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Sadık Çalışkan 0000-0001-6899-0424

Publication Date September 30, 2020
Submission Date April 10, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Çalışkan, S. (2020). AZERBAYCAN SOVYET SOSYALİST CUMHURİYETİ’NDE PROPAGANDA POSTERLERİ ÜZERİNDEN STALİN’İN LİDERLİK KÜLTÜNÜN İNŞASI. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 8(2), 984-1010. https://doi.org/10.19145/e-gifder.717676
AMA Çalışkan S. AZERBAYCAN SOVYET SOSYALİST CUMHURİYETİ’NDE PROPAGANDA POSTERLERİ ÜZERİNDEN STALİN’İN LİDERLİK KÜLTÜNÜN İNŞASI. e-gifder. September 2020;8(2):984-1010. doi:10.19145/e-gifder.717676
Chicago Çalışkan, Sadık. “AZERBAYCAN SOVYET SOSYALİST CUMHURİYETİ’NDE PROPAGANDA POSTERLERİ ÜZERİNDEN STALİN’İN LİDERLİK KÜLTÜNÜN İNŞASI”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi 8, no. 2 (September 2020): 984-1010. https://doi.org/10.19145/e-gifder.717676.
EndNote Çalışkan S (September 1, 2020) AZERBAYCAN SOVYET SOSYALİST CUMHURİYETİ’NDE PROPAGANDA POSTERLERİ ÜZERİNDEN STALİN’İN LİDERLİK KÜLTÜNÜN İNŞASI. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi 8 2 984–1010.
IEEE S. Çalışkan, “AZERBAYCAN SOVYET SOSYALİST CUMHURİYETİ’NDE PROPAGANDA POSTERLERİ ÜZERİNDEN STALİN’İN LİDERLİK KÜLTÜNÜN İNŞASI”, e-gifder, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 984–1010, 2020, doi: 10.19145/e-gifder.717676.
ISNAD Çalışkan, Sadık. “AZERBAYCAN SOVYET SOSYALİST CUMHURİYETİ’NDE PROPAGANDA POSTERLERİ ÜZERİNDEN STALİN’İN LİDERLİK KÜLTÜNÜN İNŞASI”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi 8/2 (September 2020), 984-1010. https://doi.org/10.19145/e-gifder.717676.
JAMA Çalışkan S. AZERBAYCAN SOVYET SOSYALİST CUMHURİYETİ’NDE PROPAGANDA POSTERLERİ ÜZERİNDEN STALİN’İN LİDERLİK KÜLTÜNÜN İNŞASI. e-gifder. 2020;8:984–1010.
MLA Çalışkan, Sadık. “AZERBAYCAN SOVYET SOSYALİST CUMHURİYETİ’NDE PROPAGANDA POSTERLERİ ÜZERİNDEN STALİN’İN LİDERLİK KÜLTÜNÜN İNŞASI”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 2, 2020, pp. 984-1010, doi:10.19145/e-gifder.717676.
Vancouver Çalışkan S. AZERBAYCAN SOVYET SOSYALİST CUMHURİYETİ’NDE PROPAGANDA POSTERLERİ ÜZERİNDEN STALİN’İN LİDERLİK KÜLTÜNÜN İNŞASI. e-gifder. 2020;8(2):984-1010.
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