İhracat Değer Zincirlerine Bağlanmanın Toplam Faktör Verimliliği Üzerine Etkisi

Year 2019, Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 119 - 129, 01.01.2019

Halit Yanıkkaya , Abdullah Altun

Abstract

Küresel değer zincirlerine ileriye doğru katılım
düzeyi başka ülkelerin ihracatında yerel katma
değer ile varlık gösterilmesi olarak ifade edilirken
geriye doğru katılım düzeyi ise başka ülkelerin
ilgili ülkenin ihracatında yerel katma değerleriyle
varlık göstermesi olarak ifade edilmektedir. Bu
noktadan hareketle, yaygın olarak kullanılan küresel
değer zincirlerine katılım endeksleri, küresel değer
zincirlerinin alt zincirleri sayılabilecek ihracat değer
zincirlerindeki yerel ve yabancı katma değerin
rekabetini ifade etmektedirler. Bu çalışmada, ampirik
analizlere dahil edilen küresel değer zincirlerine
katılım indekslerinin paydalarında brüt ihracata ek
olarak GSYH ve katma değer ihracatı da kullanılmıştır.
Bu farklı endekslerle ihracat değer zincirlerindeki
yerel ve yabancı katma değer rekabetinin toplam
faktör verimliliği üzerindeki etkileri dinamik panel
veri modeli kullanılarak 1995-2014 yılları için tahmin
edilmiştir. Veri setini ülke gruplarına göre ayırmadan
yaptığımız tahminde, ileriye doğru katılımın
toplam faktör verimliliği üzerindeki anlamlı pozitif
etkisini ve geriye doğru katılımın da anlamlı negatif
etkisini gösterdik. Veri setini gelir düzeyine göre
ayırdığımızda, gelişmiş ülkeler için hem geriye hem
de ileriye doğru katılımın pozitif etkisini tahmin ettik.
Özellikle vurgulanması gereken bir bulgu olarak da,
gelişmekte olan ülkelerin ihracat değer zincirlerine
gerek geriye gerekse ileriye doğru katılımlarının
verimlilik artışı üzerinde olumlu bir etkisini tahmin
etmedik. 

Keywords

Küresel Değer Zincirleri; İhracat Değer Zincirleri; Geriye Doğru Katılım; İleriye Doğru Katılım; TiVA; TFV

Impacts of Participation in Export Value Chains on TFP Growth

Abstract

The level of forward participation in global value
chains is expressed as the presence of domestic value
added in the exports of other countries while the
level of backward participation in global value chains
is expressed as the presence of the foreign value
added came from other countries in the exports of
the domestic country. In this study, in addition to the
gross exports, GDP and exports of value added are
used as denominators in the participation indices in
the empirical analysis. Thus, the impacts of domestic
and foreign value added in the export value chains
on the total factor productivity growth are estimated
for the years between 1995 and 2014 by using the
dynamic panel data techniques. Our estimation
results from the full sample indicate that although
higher backward participation reduces TFP growth,
higher forward participation raises TFP growth for
the full sample. We also find the significant positive
results for backward and forward participation only
for developed countries. Thus, our results mainly
imply that developing countries do not able to
benefit from participating in export value chains
either backwardly or forwardly. 

Keywords

Global Value Chains; Export Value Chains; Backward Participation; Forward Participation; TiVA; TFP

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