Self-Leadership and Professionalism as The Predictors of Entrepreneurial Propensity: The Role of Locus of Control and Learned Resourcefulness as Moderators

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 12, 46 - 63, 30.06.2021

Burçak Garipağaoğlu Berna Güloğlu

Öz

The purpose of this study is to examine the structural relationships among the potential antecedents of entrepreneurial propensity (self-leadership and professionalism) and to test the role of locus of control and learned resourcefulness in this relationship. To achieve this end, a survey comprising of Self-Leadership questionnaire, Occupational Professionalism scale, Entrepreneurial Propensity scale, Rosenbaum’s Learned Resourcefulness scale and Rotter’s Locus of Control scale was undertaken with a sample of two hundred and twenty-nine teachers (160 women, 69 men) working in various public and private schools in Istanbul. The data was analyzed using AMOS 21 and SPSS 19. The results indicated that the proposed model significantly explains 65% of the entrepreneurship. Yet, the learned resourcefulness and locus of control would not moderate the relationship in the proposed model.

Anahtar Kelimeler

self-leadership, professionalism, entrepreneurial propensity, locus of control, learned resourcefulness

Kaynakça

• Aktürk, E. (2012). Üniversite öğrencilerinin kişilik özelliklerinin girişimcilik eğilimleri üzerindeki etkisi: Düzce üniversitesinde bir araştırma (Unpublished master’s thesis, Düzce Üniversitesi) Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Düzce. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp?id=ehYvEbSrK2glwCxQepwq-w&no=2G50U6JNCS6aoAIJj4hmHg
• Anderson, J. S., & Prussia, G. E. (1997). The self-leadership questionnaire: Preliminary assessment of construct validity. The Journal of Leadership Studies, 4(2), 119-143. https://doi.org/10.1177/107179199700400212
• Arbuckle, J. L. (2007). AmosTM 16 user’s guide. Chicago: SPSS.
• Baron, R. A. (2000). Psychological perspectives on entrepreneurship: cognitive and social factors in entrepreneur’s success. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9(1), 15-18. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00050
• Bentler, P. M., & Chou, C-P. (1987). Practical issues in structural modeling. Sociological Methods & Research, 16(1), 78–117. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124187016001004
• Bryant, A., & Kazan, A. (2012). Self-Leadership: How to Become a More Successful, Efficient, and Effective Leader from the Inside Out. McGraw-Hill Education.
• Byrne, B. M. (2001). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
• Byrne, B. M. (2004). Testing for multigroup invariance using AMOS Graphics: A road less traveled. Structural Equation Modeling, 11(2), 272–300. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328007sem1102_8
• Chan, K., Uy, M.A. Chernyshenko, O.S., Ringo, M., & Sam, Y. (2015). Personality and entrepreneurial, professional and leadership motivations. Personality and Individual Differences, 77, 161-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.12.063
• D’Intino, R. S., Goldsby, M.G.G., Houghton, J.D., & Neck, C. P. (2007). Self-Leadership: A process for entrepreneurial success. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 13(4), 105-120. https://doi.org/10.1177/10717919070130040101
• Dağ, İ. (1991). Rosenbaum’un öğrenilmiş güçlülük ölçeğinin üniversite öğrencileri için güvenirliği ve geçerliği. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 2(4), 269-274. http://www.ihsandag.gen.tr/index_dosyalar/Dag1991rogo.pdf
• Diefendorff, J.M., Croyle, M. H., & Gosserand, R. H. (2005). The dimensionality and antecedents of emotional labor strategies. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 66, 339-357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2004.02.001
• Frese, M. & Gielnik, M. M. (2014). The Psychology of Entrepreneurship. The Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1, 413-38. http://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091326.
• Frey, T. (2015). Future jobs: Preparing for jobs that don’t yet exist. Futurist Speaker. http://www.futuristspeaker.com/2014/03/162-future-jobs-preparing-for-jobs-that-dont-yet-exist
• Gartner, W.B. (1985). A conceptual framework for describing the phenomenon of new venture creation. Academy of Management Review, 10(4), 696-706. http://doi.org/10.2307/258039
• Hu, L-T., & Bentler, P. M. (1995). Evaluating model fit. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications (p. 76–99). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Isenbarger, L. & Zembylas, M. (2006). The emotional labour of caring in teaching. Teaching and Teacher Education, 22 (1),120-134. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2005.07.002
• Jackson, P. (n.d). Tomorrow’s world today. Creative Blueprint. http://creative-blueprint.co.uk/thinkpieces/item/tomorrows-world-todayJHS/article/view/2967
• Kalkan, M. & Kaygusuz, C. (2012). The psychology of entrepreneurship. In Burger-Helmchen, T. (Ed.), Entrepreneurship - Born, Made and Educated. http://www.intechopen.com/books/entrepreneurship-born-made-and-educated/the-psychology-ofentrepreneurship
• Kaufmann, P.J., Welsh, D.H.B., & Bushmarin, N. (1995). Locus of control and entrepreneurship in the Russian Republic. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 20(1), 43-56. http://doi.org/10.1177/104225879502000103
• Kirchhoff, B.A. (1991). Entrepreneurship’s contribution to economics. Entrepr. Theory Pract. 16(2), 93–112. http://doi.org/10.1177/104225879201600207
• Mahoney, M. J., & Arnkoff, D. B. (1979). Self- management: Theory, research, and application. In J. P. Brady & D. Pomerleau (Eds.), Behavioral medicine: Theory and practice (pp. 75-96). Williams and Williams.
• Manz, C. C. (1986). Self-leadership: Toward an expanded theory of self-influence processes in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 11(3), 585-600. http://doi.org/10.2307/258312
• Manz, C. C. (1992). Mastering self-leadership: Empowering yourself for personal excellence. Prentice Hall.
• Manz, C. C., & Neck, C. P. (1999). Mastering self-leadership: Empowering yourself for personal excellence (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall.
• Manz, C. C., & Neck, C. P. (2004). Mastering self-leadership: Empowering yourself for personal excellence (3rd ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall.
• Manz, C. C., & Sims, H. P., Jr. (1980). Self- management as a substitute for leadership: A social learning perspective. Academy of Management Review, 5, 361-367. http://doi.org/10.2307/257111
• Manz, C. C., & Sims, H. P., Jr. (2001). The new Superleadership: Leading others to lead themselves. Berrett-Koehler.
• Manz, C.C. (1992), Mastering Self-Leadership: Empowering Yourself for Personal Excellence. Prentice-Hall.
• McClelland, D.C. (1967). The Achieving Society. Free Press
• McMahon, E., & Hoy, W. K. (2009). Professionalism in teaching: Toward a structural theory of professionalism. In W. K. Hoy & M. DiPaola (Eds.), Studies in school improvement (pp. 205-230). Information Age.
• Murphy, G. A., & Calway, B. A. (2008). Professional development for professionals: beyond sufficiency learning. Australian Journal of Adult Learning, 48(3), 424-444. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ828982.pdf
• Neck, C. P., & Manz, C. C. (1992). Thought self-leadership: The impact of self-talk and mental imagery on performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 12, 681-699. http://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030130705
• Ortmans, J. (2015). Is-education-the-real-beneficiary-of-an-entrepreneurial-economy. Kauffman Foundation. http://www.kauffman.org/blogs/policy-dialogue/2015/june/is-education-the-real-beneficiary-of-an-entrepreneurial-economy
• Prussia, G. E., Anderson, J. S., & Manz, C. C. (1998). Self-leadership and performance outcomes: The mediating influence of self-efficacy. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 19(5), 523–538. http://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199809)19:5<523::AID-JOB860>3.0.CO;2-I
• Rosenbaum, M. (1990). The role of learned resourcefulness in the self-control of health behavior. In M. Rosenbaum (Ed.), Learned resourcefulness: On coping skills, self- control, and adaptive behavior (pp. 3-30). Springer Publishing Co.
• Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monograph, 80(1), 1-28. http://doi.org/10.1037/h0092976
• Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2004). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
• Schumpeter, J.A. (1934). The theory of economic development. Harvard Univ. Press
• Seashore-Louis, K. & Kruse, S.D. (1995). Professionalism and community: Perspectives on reforming urban schools. Corwin Press. Inc.
• Shapero, A. (1975). The Displaced, Uncomfortable Entrepreneur (1975). University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign's Academy for Entrepreneurial Leadership Historical Research Reference in Entrepreneurship. https://ssrn.com/abstract=1506368
• Shaver, K.G., & Scott, L.R. (1991). Person, process, choice: The psychology of new venture creation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 16 (2), 23-45. http://doi.org/10.1177/104225879201600204
• Tabachnick, B.G., & Fidell, L.S. (2001). Using Multivariate Statistics. 4th Edition, Allyn and Bacon, Boston
• Tabak, A., Sığrı, Ü. & Türköz, T. (2013). Özliderlik Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması Çalışması. Bilig, 67, 213-246. http://bilig.yesevi.edu.tr/yonetim/icerik/makaleler/2388-published.pdf
• Tschannen-Moran, M. (2009). Fostering teacher professionalism in schools: The role of leadership orientation and trust. Educational Administration Quarterly, 45(2), 217-247. http://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X08330501
• Wedel, M., & Kamakura, W. A. (2000). Market Segmentation: Conceptual and Methodological Foundations, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
• Yılmaz, K., & Altınkurt, Y. (2014). Validity and reliability study for the occupational professionalism of teachers’ scale (OPTS). Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(2), 332-345. https://www.j-humansciences.com/ojs/index.php/I