Geç Antik Çağ Amphoralarında Görülen Yazıt ve Mühürler Işığında Annona Sistemi: LRA 1, LRA 2, LRA 3 ve Zeest 80

Year 2021, Issue: 27, 65 - 79, 07.11.2021

Ülkü Kara

https://doi.org/10.51493/egearkeoloji.840265

Abstract

Doğu Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi ekonomisinde uygulandığı sanılan ve artık varlığı pek çok araştırmacı tarafından kabul edilen, vergi toplama ve ayni dağıtma sistemi olan annonanın (annona civicia ve annona militaris) eylemlerinden biri “ürünün yer değiştirmesi/nakliyesi”dir. Vergi karşılığında toplanan ürünlerin denizaşırı ve uzak coğrafyalara aktarılması gibi önemli bir organizasyonda kullanılan amphoralar, kabın temin edilmesinden ürünün bozulmadan varışına kadar geçen süreçte oldukça önemlidir. Ayrıca, amphoranın formu kadar üzerindeki yazıtlar ve mühürler de kabı temsil eden öğelerdendir. Sözü edilen mühür ve yazı biçimleri (graffito ve dipinto) dönemin ekonomik, din ve dil özelliklerini yansıtmasının yanı sıra, annnona sisteminin uygulamaları olarak da kabul edilmektedir. Sunulan çalışmada; Doğu Roma İmparatorluğu’nun Geç Roma – Erken Bizans Dönemi boyunca annona organizasyonuna yönelik üretildiği sanılan ya da bunun için kullanıldığı düşünülen ve Akdeniz çevresinde yoğun olarak yayılım gösteren dört amphora tipi (LRA 1, LRA 2, LRA 3 ve Zeest 80); formları, üretimleri ve üzerinde görülen yazıt ve mühürler özelinde ele alınmış ve annona sistemi içinde yer alıp almadıkları irdelenmiştir.

Keywords

Geç Antik Çağ, Amphora, Mühür, Dipinto, Graffito, Annona civicia, Annona militaris

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