Pelophylax ridibundus’un Karyotipik Özellikleri
Year 2018,
Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 253 - 264, 01.09.2018
Esra Canpolat
Turgay Şişman
,
Yahya Tepe
,
Hasan Türkez
Abstract
Erzurum il sınırları içinde olan Karasu
Havzası Fırat Nehri’nin kaynağını oluşturmaktadır. Amfibi türlerinden olan ova
kurbağaları (Pelophylax ridibundus)
Karasu Havzası’nda da yaşamaktadır. Bu çalışmada P. ridibundus’un karyotipik özellikleri kemik iliği ve
barsaklarından elde edilen metafaz kromozomları incelenerek araştırılmıştır.
Çalışmada kullanılan kurbağalar Karasu Havzası’nın 3 farklı noktasından yakalanmıştır.
Kurbağaların barsak epitel ve kemik iliği ana hücreleri karyotip analizi için
kullanılmıştır. Bu hücrelerden en iyi metafaz kromozom yayılımları 1 saat
hipotonik (0,075 M KCl) uygulama, soğuk hazırlanmış karnoy ile fiksasyon ve
%10’luk Giemsa ile 20 dakika boyama sonucu elde edilmiştir. Hazırlanan
preparatlarda yapılan incelemeler sonucunda her iki hücre tipinde P. ridibundus’un 2n=26 kromozoma sahip
olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Karyotip analizi sonucunda P. ridibundus’da 6 metasentrik, 6 submetasentrik ve 1
subtelosentrik kromozom çifti olduğu belirlenmiştir (12M+12SM+2ST). Temel kromozom kol sayısı (FN) 52 ve karyotip
simetri/asimetri indeksi 1,61 olarak hesaplanmıştır.
References
- Referans 1. Alpagut, N., Falakalı, B. (1995). Karyotype analysis of two Rana ridibunda (Ranidae; Anura) populations in Turkey. Israel Journal of Zoology, 41 (4): 523-531.
- Referans 2. Alpagut Keskin, N., Falakalı Mutaf, B. (2006). Rod-Shaped bivalents indicate new assemblage among anatolian water frog populations. Amphibia-Reptilia, 27 (1): 47-53.
- Referans 3. Al-Sherhi A.H., Al-Salech A.A. (2005). Karyotype of amphibians in Saudia Arabia 1: The karyotype of Rana ridibunda. Journal of Biological Sciences, 5(3): 335-338.
- Referans 4. Arslan, E., Arslan A., Gülbahçe, E. (2010). C-Banded karyotype and nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) of marsh frog, Rana ridibunda (Ranidae: Anura) in Central Anatolia. Kafkas Universitesi Vetetinerlik Fakültesi Dergisi, 16 (Suppl-B): S369-S371.
- Referans 5. Baran, İ., Atatür, M. (1997). Turkish Herpetofauna (Amphibian and Reptilian), Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Environment, Ankara 214 s.
- Referans 6. Birstein, V.J. (1984). Localization of NORs in Karyotype of four Rana species. Genetica, (64): 149-154.
- Referans 7. Dobingy, G., Ducros, J. F., Robinson, T. J., Volobouev, V. (2004). Cytogenetics and cladistics. Systematic. Biology, 53 (3): 470-484.
- Referans 8. Ergene, S., Portakal, E., Karahan, A. (1999). Karyological analysis and body proportion of Catfish (Clariidae, Clarias lazera, Valeciennes. 1840) in Göksu Delta, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 23, 423-426.
- Referans 9. Ergene, Gözükara, S., Çavaş, T. (2002). Karyological Analysis of Gobius pagenellus L.,1758 (Pisces:Gobiidae) in Mersin, Turkey. Folia Biologica, 50 (1-2): 5-7.
- Referans 10. Ergene, S., Karahan, A., Kuru, M. (2010). Cytogenetic analysis of Pseudophoxinus antalyae, Bogustkaya, 1992 (Pisces:Cyprinidae) from the Eastern Mediterranean River Basin, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 34: 111-117.
- Referans 11. Eroğlu, H.E. (2015). Which chromosomes are subtelocentric or acrocentric? A new karyotype symmetry/asymmetry index. Caryologia, 68: 239-245.
- Referans 12. Gang, W, Ning, X., Dejun L., Min W. (1992). Kariotypes of two Rana from Xinjiang, China. Asiatic Herpetological Research, 4: 141-145.
- Referans 13. Green, D. M. (1985). Differantitation in amount of centromeric heterochromatin between subspecies of red legged frog, Rana aorora. Copeia,4: 1071-1074.
- Referans 14. Haertel, T.D., Owezarzak, A., Storm, R.M. (1974). A comparative study of the chromosomes from five species of the genus Rana (Amphibia, Salientia). Copeia. 1: 109-114.
- Referans 15. Ivanov V.G., Madyanov N.N. (1973). The comparative karyology of frogs of the genus Rana. Tsitologia. 16: 920-927 (In Russian).
- Referans 16. Kaybeleva, E.I., Zavyalov, E.V., Tabachaishin, V.G. (2004). Ecologo-caryological peculiarities of the marsh frogs on the north of the Lower Volga region. Povolzskiy Journal of Ecoogy, 3: 318-319. (In Russian).
- Referans 17. Keskin, N.A. (2000). Güneybatı Anadolu Rana ridibunda Pallas, 1771 (Anura: Ranidae) Populasyonlarında Sitogenetik ve İzoenzimik Özelliklerin Karşılaştırmalı İncelenmesi”, Ege Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, 95s.
- Referans 18. Kılıç, D., Şişman, T. (2016). Karyotype analysis the European chub, Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) from Karasu River-Erzurum, Turkey (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 14 (2): 95-103.
- Referans 19. Kuramoto M. (1990). A list of chromosome numbers of Anuran amphibians. Bulletin of Fukuoka Univ of Education, 39, 83-127.
- Referans 20. Kuru, M. (2004). Omurgalı Hayvanlar. Palme Yayıncılık, Ankara, 841 s.
- Referans 21. Levan, A., Fredga, K., Sandberg, A.A. (1964). Nomenclature for Centromeric Position on Chromosomes. Hereditas, 52: 201-220.
- Referans 22. Lymberakis, P., Poulakakis, N., Manthalou, G., Tsigenopoulos, C.S., Magoulas, A., Mylonas, M. (2007). Mitochondrial phylogeography of Rana (Pelophylax) populations in the Eastern Mediterranean region, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 44: 115-125.
- Referans 23. Martirosyan, A., Stepanyan, I. (2009). Features of the karyotypes of Pelophylax ridibundus Pallas, 1771 and Rana macrocnemis Boulengeri 1885 (Amphibia: Ranidae) from Armenia. Comparative Cytogenetics, 3(1): 11-24.
- Referans 24. Mindrescu, G., Gheorghita, G. (2008). The preliminary cytogenetic investigations in R. ridibunda Pall. and R. esculenta L. from the north of Moldavia. Analele Ştiinţifice ale Universităţii „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, Secţiunea Genetică şi Biologie Moleculară, 9: 65-69.
- Referans 25. Napoli, M.F., Ananias, F., Fonseca, P.M., & Silva, A.P.Z. (2009). Morphological and karyotypic contributions for a better taxonomic definition of the frog Ischnocnema ramagii (Boulenger, 1888) (Anura, Brachycephalidae). South American Journal of Herpetology, 4(2), 164-172.
- Referans 26. Özeti, N., Yılmaz, İ. (1994). Türkiye Amfibileri, Ege Üniv. Basımevi, İzmir, 221 s.
- Referans 27. Schmid, M. (1978). Chromosome banding in amphibian. II. Constitutive heterochromatin and nucleolus organizer regions in Ranidae, Microhylidae and Rhacophoridae. Chromosoma. 68: 131-148.
- Referans 28. Sevindik, M. (2013). Türkiye Talpa Lınneaus, 1758 (Mammalia: Soricomorpha) Türlerinin G ve C bantlama özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Doktora Tezi, Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
- Referans 29. Sönmez, A.Y., (2011). Karasu Irmağında ağır metal kirliliğinin belirlenmesi ve bulanık mantıkla değerlendirilmesi. Doktora Tezi, Atatürk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Erzurum.
- Referans 30. Spasic-Boskovic, O., Krizmanic, I., Vujosevic, M. (1999). Population composition and genetic variation of water frogs (Anura: Ranidae) from Yugoslavia. Caryologia, 52:1-2, 9-20.
- Referans 31. Suryadnaya, N.N. (2003). The data on caryology of green frogs (Rana ridibunda, R. lessonae, R. esculenta) from Ukraine. Vestnik Zoologii. 37(1): 33-40. (In Russian).
- Referans 32. Şişman, T., Şanlı, F., Tepe, Y., Kılıç, D. (2016). Erzurum Karasu Nehri balıklarından Chalcalburnus mossulensis’in (Heckel, 1843) karyotip özellikleri. Yunus Araştırma Bülteni. 16 (4): 281-291.
- Referans 33. Uğurtaş, İ., Tunca, B., Aydemir, N., Bilaloğlu, R. (2001). A cytogenetic study of Pelobates syriacus (Amphibia, Anura) in Bursa-Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology,25,159-161.
- Referans 34. Yılmaz, İ. (2012). Taksonomik Zoolojinin Prensip ve Metotları. Sürat Üniversite yayınları, 245 s.
Karyotypic Characteristics of Pelophylax ridibundus
Year 2018,
Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 253 - 264, 01.09.2018
Esra Canpolat
Turgay Şişman
,
Yahya Tepe
,
Hasan Türkez
Abstract
Karasu Basin in Erzurum provincial boundary
is the source of the Euphrates River. Marsh frog is one of the amphibian species
that is inhabited in Karasu Basin. The karyotypic characteristics of Pelophylax ridibundus have been
investigated by examining metaphase chromosomes spreads obtained from bone
marrow and intestine epithelium. The frogs used in the study were caught from three
stations of the Karasu Basin. The cells from bone marrow and intestine of the
frogs were used for karyotype analysis. The best treatment parameters for
preparing good metaphase chromosome spreads from the cells were optimized as
hypotonic 1 hour (0.075 M KCl) treatment and fixation with cold carnoy. The
slides were stained 10% Giemsa for 20 minutes. It was determined that P. ridibundus had 2n=26 chromosomes by
investigation of the chromosome spreads. The karyotype of P. ridibundus was determined as composed of 6 metacentric, 6
submetacentric and 1 subtelocentric chromosome pairs (12M+12SM+2ST). The
fundamental arm number (FN) was 52 and index of karyotype symmetry/asymmetry was 1.61.
References
- Referans 1. Alpagut, N., Falakalı, B. (1995). Karyotype analysis of two Rana ridibunda (Ranidae; Anura) populations in Turkey. Israel Journal of Zoology, 41 (4): 523-531.
- Referans 2. Alpagut Keskin, N., Falakalı Mutaf, B. (2006). Rod-Shaped bivalents indicate new assemblage among anatolian water frog populations. Amphibia-Reptilia, 27 (1): 47-53.
- Referans 3. Al-Sherhi A.H., Al-Salech A.A. (2005). Karyotype of amphibians in Saudia Arabia 1: The karyotype of Rana ridibunda. Journal of Biological Sciences, 5(3): 335-338.
- Referans 4. Arslan, E., Arslan A., Gülbahçe, E. (2010). C-Banded karyotype and nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) of marsh frog, Rana ridibunda (Ranidae: Anura) in Central Anatolia. Kafkas Universitesi Vetetinerlik Fakültesi Dergisi, 16 (Suppl-B): S369-S371.
- Referans 5. Baran, İ., Atatür, M. (1997). Turkish Herpetofauna (Amphibian and Reptilian), Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Environment, Ankara 214 s.
- Referans 6. Birstein, V.J. (1984). Localization of NORs in Karyotype of four Rana species. Genetica, (64): 149-154.
- Referans 7. Dobingy, G., Ducros, J. F., Robinson, T. J., Volobouev, V. (2004). Cytogenetics and cladistics. Systematic. Biology, 53 (3): 470-484.
- Referans 8. Ergene, S., Portakal, E., Karahan, A. (1999). Karyological analysis and body proportion of Catfish (Clariidae, Clarias lazera, Valeciennes. 1840) in Göksu Delta, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 23, 423-426.
- Referans 9. Ergene, Gözükara, S., Çavaş, T. (2002). Karyological Analysis of Gobius pagenellus L.,1758 (Pisces:Gobiidae) in Mersin, Turkey. Folia Biologica, 50 (1-2): 5-7.
- Referans 10. Ergene, S., Karahan, A., Kuru, M. (2010). Cytogenetic analysis of Pseudophoxinus antalyae, Bogustkaya, 1992 (Pisces:Cyprinidae) from the Eastern Mediterranean River Basin, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 34: 111-117.
- Referans 11. Eroğlu, H.E. (2015). Which chromosomes are subtelocentric or acrocentric? A new karyotype symmetry/asymmetry index. Caryologia, 68: 239-245.
- Referans 12. Gang, W, Ning, X., Dejun L., Min W. (1992). Kariotypes of two Rana from Xinjiang, China. Asiatic Herpetological Research, 4: 141-145.
- Referans 13. Green, D. M. (1985). Differantitation in amount of centromeric heterochromatin between subspecies of red legged frog, Rana aorora. Copeia,4: 1071-1074.
- Referans 14. Haertel, T.D., Owezarzak, A., Storm, R.M. (1974). A comparative study of the chromosomes from five species of the genus Rana (Amphibia, Salientia). Copeia. 1: 109-114.
- Referans 15. Ivanov V.G., Madyanov N.N. (1973). The comparative karyology of frogs of the genus Rana. Tsitologia. 16: 920-927 (In Russian).
- Referans 16. Kaybeleva, E.I., Zavyalov, E.V., Tabachaishin, V.G. (2004). Ecologo-caryological peculiarities of the marsh frogs on the north of the Lower Volga region. Povolzskiy Journal of Ecoogy, 3: 318-319. (In Russian).
- Referans 17. Keskin, N.A. (2000). Güneybatı Anadolu Rana ridibunda Pallas, 1771 (Anura: Ranidae) Populasyonlarında Sitogenetik ve İzoenzimik Özelliklerin Karşılaştırmalı İncelenmesi”, Ege Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, 95s.
- Referans 18. Kılıç, D., Şişman, T. (2016). Karyotype analysis the European chub, Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) from Karasu River-Erzurum, Turkey (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 14 (2): 95-103.
- Referans 19. Kuramoto M. (1990). A list of chromosome numbers of Anuran amphibians. Bulletin of Fukuoka Univ of Education, 39, 83-127.
- Referans 20. Kuru, M. (2004). Omurgalı Hayvanlar. Palme Yayıncılık, Ankara, 841 s.
- Referans 21. Levan, A., Fredga, K., Sandberg, A.A. (1964). Nomenclature for Centromeric Position on Chromosomes. Hereditas, 52: 201-220.
- Referans 22. Lymberakis, P., Poulakakis, N., Manthalou, G., Tsigenopoulos, C.S., Magoulas, A., Mylonas, M. (2007). Mitochondrial phylogeography of Rana (Pelophylax) populations in the Eastern Mediterranean region, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 44: 115-125.
- Referans 23. Martirosyan, A., Stepanyan, I. (2009). Features of the karyotypes of Pelophylax ridibundus Pallas, 1771 and Rana macrocnemis Boulengeri 1885 (Amphibia: Ranidae) from Armenia. Comparative Cytogenetics, 3(1): 11-24.
- Referans 24. Mindrescu, G., Gheorghita, G. (2008). The preliminary cytogenetic investigations in R. ridibunda Pall. and R. esculenta L. from the north of Moldavia. Analele Ştiinţifice ale Universităţii „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, Secţiunea Genetică şi Biologie Moleculară, 9: 65-69.
- Referans 25. Napoli, M.F., Ananias, F., Fonseca, P.M., & Silva, A.P.Z. (2009). Morphological and karyotypic contributions for a better taxonomic definition of the frog Ischnocnema ramagii (Boulenger, 1888) (Anura, Brachycephalidae). South American Journal of Herpetology, 4(2), 164-172.
- Referans 26. Özeti, N., Yılmaz, İ. (1994). Türkiye Amfibileri, Ege Üniv. Basımevi, İzmir, 221 s.
- Referans 27. Schmid, M. (1978). Chromosome banding in amphibian. II. Constitutive heterochromatin and nucleolus organizer regions in Ranidae, Microhylidae and Rhacophoridae. Chromosoma. 68: 131-148.
- Referans 28. Sevindik, M. (2013). Türkiye Talpa Lınneaus, 1758 (Mammalia: Soricomorpha) Türlerinin G ve C bantlama özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Doktora Tezi, Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
- Referans 29. Sönmez, A.Y., (2011). Karasu Irmağında ağır metal kirliliğinin belirlenmesi ve bulanık mantıkla değerlendirilmesi. Doktora Tezi, Atatürk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Erzurum.
- Referans 30. Spasic-Boskovic, O., Krizmanic, I., Vujosevic, M. (1999). Population composition and genetic variation of water frogs (Anura: Ranidae) from Yugoslavia. Caryologia, 52:1-2, 9-20.
- Referans 31. Suryadnaya, N.N. (2003). The data on caryology of green frogs (Rana ridibunda, R. lessonae, R. esculenta) from Ukraine. Vestnik Zoologii. 37(1): 33-40. (In Russian).
- Referans 32. Şişman, T., Şanlı, F., Tepe, Y., Kılıç, D. (2016). Erzurum Karasu Nehri balıklarından Chalcalburnus mossulensis’in (Heckel, 1843) karyotip özellikleri. Yunus Araştırma Bülteni. 16 (4): 281-291.
- Referans 33. Uğurtaş, İ., Tunca, B., Aydemir, N., Bilaloğlu, R. (2001). A cytogenetic study of Pelobates syriacus (Amphibia, Anura) in Bursa-Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology,25,159-161.
- Referans 34. Yılmaz, İ. (2012). Taksonomik Zoolojinin Prensip ve Metotları. Sürat Üniversite yayınları, 245 s.