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Molecular Identification of Sooty Molds on Wheat Fields in Central Anatolia Region and Effect of Seed Germination

Year 2017, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 73 - 81, 30.08.2017

Abstract

Surveys were conducted in
wheat growing areas of
Konya, Ankara, Eskişehir, Yozgat, Kayseri, Kırıkkale,
Kırşehir, Aksaray, Nevşehir provinces in 2011-2012 growing seasons
in Central Anatolia Region, Turkey. Black heads and
black spots on leaves were seen especially during
late surveys and
the contamination rate in these fields was observed between 40-100%. Thirty six wheat samples were collected from the
fields
. As a result of isolation from heads, leaves and
grains, 88 ‘Sooty Mold’ isolates were obtained belonging to 5 different fungus
genus. These fungi cause, known as black point, damage (discolored) grain which
affect quality and marketability. In consequence of morphologic identification
and DNA sequence analysis, isolates obtained from infected black heads and
leaves were determined as Alternaria
alternata, Alternaria. chlamydosporigena, Alternaria infectoria, Alternaria
quercus, Alternaria tenuissima, Alternaria triticina, Cladosporium
cladosporioides, Cladosporium herbarum, Cochliobolus sativus, Epicoccum nigrum
and Stemphylium sp. The isolations were
made from the grains observed black point, A.
alternata, A. infectoria, A. tenuissima, A. triticina, Cochliobolus sativus,
Cladosporium cladosporioides, C. herbarum, Epicoccum nigrum
and Stemphylium sp, were determined. The
most prevalent species was found as Alternaria
alternata
in the fields. In each wheat cultivar tested in inoculated seeds
significantly reduced their germination.

References

  • Aroca A. & Raposo R. 2007. PCR-based stragety to detect and identify species of Phaeoacremonium causing grapevine diseases. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 73, 2911-2918.
  • Andersen B. & Thrane U. 1996. Diferentiation of Alternaria infectoria and Alternaria alternata based on morphology, metabolite profiles and cultural characteristics. Can. J. Microbiol., 42: 685-689.
  • Andersen B., Kroger E. & Roberts R.G. 2002. Chemical and morphological segregation of Alternaria arborescens, A. infectoria and A. tenuissima species-group. Mycological Research, 106: 170-182.
  • Anonymous 2010. Compendium of wheat Diseases and Pests. Third Edition, pp. 16-17. Published by APS (American Phytopathological Society) St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
  • Bhowmik T.P. 1994. Alternaria seed infection of wheat. Plant Dis. Rep., 53: 77-80, 1969.
  • Biçici M. & Çinar A. 1988. Çukurova bölgesinde yetiştirilen buğday tanelerinde görülen siyah leke hastalığının etiolojisi ve önemi. V. Türkiye Fitopatoloji Kongresi, S. 15, Antalya.
  • Bockus W.W. 2010. Compendium of wheat diseases and pests (third ed.). St. Paul, Minnesota: APS Press.
  • Chalkley D. 2012. Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. Invasive Fungi. Alternaria leaf blight of wheat -Alternaria triticina. Retrieved February 14, 2012, from /sbmlweb/fungi/index.cfm.
  • Chelkowski J. & Visconti A. 1992. Identification were done using ‘Alternaria, Biology, Plant Diseases and Metabolites, Elsevier, 573p.
  • Cobos R. & Martin M.T. 2008. Molecular characterisation of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora isolated from grapevines in Castilla y León (Spain). Phytopathol. Mediterr., 47, 20–27.
  • Dickinson C.H. 1981. Leaf surface micro-organisms as pathogen antagonists and as minor pathogens, In: Strategies for control of cereal diseases. (Eds.): J.F.Jenkyn and R.T. Plumb,
  • Dash S.K. & Narain A. 1989. Seed transmission of Alternaria triticina in wheat in Orissa. Indian J. Myco.l Plant Pathol., 19: 24-27.
  • Dugan, F.M. and S.L. Lupien. 2002. Filamentous fungi quiescent in seeds and culm nodes of weedy and forage grass species endemic to the palouse region of Washington and Idaho. Mycopathologia 156: 31-40.
  • Ellis M.B. 1971. Dematiceous Hyphomycetes. CMI Publication, Surrey, Kew, London, UK.
  • Fakhrunnisa M.H. & Ghaffar A. 2006. Seedborne mycoflora of wheat, sorghum and barley. Pak. J. Bot., 38(1): 185-192.
  • Fakir G.A., Rahman M.H. & Rahman G.M.M. 1989. Survey on the prevalence of black point fungi of wheat in Bangladesh. Bangladesh J Plant Pathol. 5: 19-29.Perelló A. & Sisterna M. 2006. Leaf blight of wheat caused by Alternaria triticina in Argentina. On Line: Plant Pathology, 2005 (NDR 2004-117) http://www.bspp.org.uk/ndr/ july 2005-35.asp. Plant Pathology 55 (2), 303-303, 2006. ISSN 1812-538. Gannibal P., Klemsdal S.S. & Levitin M.M. 2007. AFLP analysis of Russian Alternaria tenuissima populations from wheat kernels and other hosts. Eur. J. Plant Pathl., 119:175-182.
  • Hyde M.B. & Galleymore H.B. 1951. The sub-epidermal fungi of cereal grains. II. The nature, identity and origin of the mycelium in wheat. Ann. Appl. Biol., 38: 348-358.
  • Khanum M., Nigar Y. & Khanzada A.K. 1987. Effect of black point disease on the germination of wheat varieties. Pakistan J Agric Res 8: 467-473.
  • Kosiak B., Torp M., Skjerve E. & Andersen B. 2004. Alternaria in Norwegian grains of reduced quality-a matched pair simple study. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 93:51-62.
  • Lixin W., Xiangji W. & Guangzheng J. 2010. Population and Distribution of Sooty Mould On Leaf Surface Of Wınter Wheat, Journal of Shandong Agricultural University.
  • Magan N. & Lacey J. 1986. The phylloplane microflora of ripening wheat and effect of late fungicide applications. Annuals of Aplied Biology, 109: 1, 117–128p.
  • Mathur S.B. & Cunfer B. 1993. Black Point. In: Seed-borne Diseases and Seed health testing of wheat. Copenhagen, Denmark: Danish Government Institute of Seed Pathology for Developing Countries, 13-21.
  • Özer N. 2005. Determination of the fungi responsible for black point in bread wheat and effects of disease on emergence and seedling vigour. Trakya Univ. J. Sci. 6: 35-40.
  • Perelló A., Moreno V., Sisterna M. & Castro A.M. 2005. Occurrence and characterization on wheat of the Alternaria infectoria complex associated with black point and leaf blight symptoms in Argentina. 7th Internacional Wheat Conference. Nov. 27-Dec 2, 2005. Mar del Plata, Argentina. Organized by SAGPyA and INTA. pp.149.
  • Perello A., Moreno V. & Sisterna M. 2008. Alternaria infectoria species-group associated with black point of wheat in Argentina. Plant Pathology, 57: 379.
  • Perello A. & Larrán S. 2013. Nature and Effect of Alternaria Spp. Complex From Wheat Grain On Germination and Disease Transmission. Pak. J. Bot., 45(5): 1817-1824.
  • Rahman G.M.M &. Islam M.R. 1998. Effect of black point of wheat on some qualitative characters of its grain and seed vigour. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 23(2): 283-287,.
  • Rajput M.A., Pathan M.A., Lodhi A.M., Shah G.S. & Khanzada K.A. 2005. Studies on seed-borne fungi of wheat in Sindh Province and their effect on seed germination. Pak. J. Bot., 37(1): 181-185.
  • Rotem J. 1994. The genus Alternaria: Biology, epidemiology and pathogenicity. St. Paul: American Phytopathological Society Press. White T.J., Bruns T., Lee S. & Taylor J.W. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications, eds. Innis, MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ. Academic Press, Inc., New York. pp. 315-322.
Year 2017, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 73 - 81, 30.08.2017

Abstract

References

  • Aroca A. & Raposo R. 2007. PCR-based stragety to detect and identify species of Phaeoacremonium causing grapevine diseases. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 73, 2911-2918.
  • Andersen B. & Thrane U. 1996. Diferentiation of Alternaria infectoria and Alternaria alternata based on morphology, metabolite profiles and cultural characteristics. Can. J. Microbiol., 42: 685-689.
  • Andersen B., Kroger E. & Roberts R.G. 2002. Chemical and morphological segregation of Alternaria arborescens, A. infectoria and A. tenuissima species-group. Mycological Research, 106: 170-182.
  • Anonymous 2010. Compendium of wheat Diseases and Pests. Third Edition, pp. 16-17. Published by APS (American Phytopathological Society) St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
  • Bhowmik T.P. 1994. Alternaria seed infection of wheat. Plant Dis. Rep., 53: 77-80, 1969.
  • Biçici M. & Çinar A. 1988. Çukurova bölgesinde yetiştirilen buğday tanelerinde görülen siyah leke hastalığının etiolojisi ve önemi. V. Türkiye Fitopatoloji Kongresi, S. 15, Antalya.
  • Bockus W.W. 2010. Compendium of wheat diseases and pests (third ed.). St. Paul, Minnesota: APS Press.
  • Chalkley D. 2012. Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. Invasive Fungi. Alternaria leaf blight of wheat -Alternaria triticina. Retrieved February 14, 2012, from /sbmlweb/fungi/index.cfm.
  • Chelkowski J. & Visconti A. 1992. Identification were done using ‘Alternaria, Biology, Plant Diseases and Metabolites, Elsevier, 573p.
  • Cobos R. & Martin M.T. 2008. Molecular characterisation of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora isolated from grapevines in Castilla y León (Spain). Phytopathol. Mediterr., 47, 20–27.
  • Dickinson C.H. 1981. Leaf surface micro-organisms as pathogen antagonists and as minor pathogens, In: Strategies for control of cereal diseases. (Eds.): J.F.Jenkyn and R.T. Plumb,
  • Dash S.K. & Narain A. 1989. Seed transmission of Alternaria triticina in wheat in Orissa. Indian J. Myco.l Plant Pathol., 19: 24-27.
  • Dugan, F.M. and S.L. Lupien. 2002. Filamentous fungi quiescent in seeds and culm nodes of weedy and forage grass species endemic to the palouse region of Washington and Idaho. Mycopathologia 156: 31-40.
  • Ellis M.B. 1971. Dematiceous Hyphomycetes. CMI Publication, Surrey, Kew, London, UK.
  • Fakhrunnisa M.H. & Ghaffar A. 2006. Seedborne mycoflora of wheat, sorghum and barley. Pak. J. Bot., 38(1): 185-192.
  • Fakir G.A., Rahman M.H. & Rahman G.M.M. 1989. Survey on the prevalence of black point fungi of wheat in Bangladesh. Bangladesh J Plant Pathol. 5: 19-29.Perelló A. & Sisterna M. 2006. Leaf blight of wheat caused by Alternaria triticina in Argentina. On Line: Plant Pathology, 2005 (NDR 2004-117) http://www.bspp.org.uk/ndr/ july 2005-35.asp. Plant Pathology 55 (2), 303-303, 2006. ISSN 1812-538. Gannibal P., Klemsdal S.S. & Levitin M.M. 2007. AFLP analysis of Russian Alternaria tenuissima populations from wheat kernels and other hosts. Eur. J. Plant Pathl., 119:175-182.
  • Hyde M.B. & Galleymore H.B. 1951. The sub-epidermal fungi of cereal grains. II. The nature, identity and origin of the mycelium in wheat. Ann. Appl. Biol., 38: 348-358.
  • Khanum M., Nigar Y. & Khanzada A.K. 1987. Effect of black point disease on the germination of wheat varieties. Pakistan J Agric Res 8: 467-473.
  • Kosiak B., Torp M., Skjerve E. & Andersen B. 2004. Alternaria in Norwegian grains of reduced quality-a matched pair simple study. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 93:51-62.
  • Lixin W., Xiangji W. & Guangzheng J. 2010. Population and Distribution of Sooty Mould On Leaf Surface Of Wınter Wheat, Journal of Shandong Agricultural University.
  • Magan N. & Lacey J. 1986. The phylloplane microflora of ripening wheat and effect of late fungicide applications. Annuals of Aplied Biology, 109: 1, 117–128p.
  • Mathur S.B. & Cunfer B. 1993. Black Point. In: Seed-borne Diseases and Seed health testing of wheat. Copenhagen, Denmark: Danish Government Institute of Seed Pathology for Developing Countries, 13-21.
  • Özer N. 2005. Determination of the fungi responsible for black point in bread wheat and effects of disease on emergence and seedling vigour. Trakya Univ. J. Sci. 6: 35-40.
  • Perelló A., Moreno V., Sisterna M. & Castro A.M. 2005. Occurrence and characterization on wheat of the Alternaria infectoria complex associated with black point and leaf blight symptoms in Argentina. 7th Internacional Wheat Conference. Nov. 27-Dec 2, 2005. Mar del Plata, Argentina. Organized by SAGPyA and INTA. pp.149.
  • Perello A., Moreno V. & Sisterna M. 2008. Alternaria infectoria species-group associated with black point of wheat in Argentina. Plant Pathology, 57: 379.
  • Perello A. & Larrán S. 2013. Nature and Effect of Alternaria Spp. Complex From Wheat Grain On Germination and Disease Transmission. Pak. J. Bot., 45(5): 1817-1824.
  • Rahman G.M.M &. Islam M.R. 1998. Effect of black point of wheat on some qualitative characters of its grain and seed vigour. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 23(2): 283-287,.
  • Rajput M.A., Pathan M.A., Lodhi A.M., Shah G.S. & Khanzada K.A. 2005. Studies on seed-borne fungi of wheat in Sindh Province and their effect on seed germination. Pak. J. Bot., 37(1): 181-185.
  • Rotem J. 1994. The genus Alternaria: Biology, epidemiology and pathogenicity. St. Paul: American Phytopathological Society Press. White T.J., Bruns T., Lee S. & Taylor J.W. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications, eds. Innis, MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ. Academic Press, Inc., New York. pp. 315-322.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Filiz Ünal

Emel Çakır This is me

Publication Date August 30, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Ünal, F., & Çakır, E. (2017). Molecular Identification of Sooty Molds on Wheat Fields in Central Anatolia Region and Effect of Seed Germination. Eurasian Journal of Agricultural Research, 1(1), 73-81.
AMA Ünal F, Çakır E. Molecular Identification of Sooty Molds on Wheat Fields in Central Anatolia Region and Effect of Seed Germination. EJAR. August 2017;1(1):73-81.
Chicago Ünal, Filiz, and Emel Çakır. “Molecular Identification of Sooty Molds on Wheat Fields in Central Anatolia Region and Effect of Seed Germination”. Eurasian Journal of Agricultural Research 1, no. 1 (August 2017): 73-81.
EndNote Ünal F, Çakır E (August 1, 2017) Molecular Identification of Sooty Molds on Wheat Fields in Central Anatolia Region and Effect of Seed Germination. Eurasian Journal of Agricultural Research 1 1 73–81.
IEEE F. Ünal and E. Çakır, “Molecular Identification of Sooty Molds on Wheat Fields in Central Anatolia Region and Effect of Seed Germination”, EJAR, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 73–81, 2017.
ISNAD Ünal, Filiz - Çakır, Emel. “Molecular Identification of Sooty Molds on Wheat Fields in Central Anatolia Region and Effect of Seed Germination”. Eurasian Journal of Agricultural Research 1/1 (August 2017), 73-81.
JAMA Ünal F, Çakır E. Molecular Identification of Sooty Molds on Wheat Fields in Central Anatolia Region and Effect of Seed Germination. EJAR. 2017;1:73–81.
MLA Ünal, Filiz and Emel Çakır. “Molecular Identification of Sooty Molds on Wheat Fields in Central Anatolia Region and Effect of Seed Germination”. Eurasian Journal of Agricultural Research, vol. 1, no. 1, 2017, pp. 73-81.
Vancouver Ünal F, Çakır E. Molecular Identification of Sooty Molds on Wheat Fields in Central Anatolia Region and Effect of Seed Germination. EJAR. 2017;1(1):73-81.
Eurasian Journal of Agricultural Research (EJAR)   ISSN: 2636-8226   Web: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ejar   e-mail: agriculturalresearchjournal@gmail.com