Exopolysaccharide (EPS) production of halophilic bacteria

Year 2019, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 84 - 89, 06.12.2019

Hilal Başer , Zehranur Yuksekdag

Abstract

Exopolysaccharides (EPS), which
are produced by halophilic bacteria and have protective properties against
adverse environmental conditions, have wide application areas. In this study,
EPS production of Halomonas aquamarina
(NB2) and Halobacillus trueperi (NB7,
NB8, NB9, NB10, NB11) strains in culture media was determined. EPS production
of the strains was range from 15-55 mg/L. One strain with the highest EPS
production capacity and the best development in the culture medium (NB7-47
mg/L) was selected and the influence of different concentrations of salt (5,
10, 15, 17.5, 20, 25, and 30%) and different carbon sources (sucrose, glucose,
galactose, mannose) on EPS production was studied. When NB7 strain was grown in
medium containing different concentrations of salt, the EPS production was
changed (0-40 mg/L). The highest level of EPS production of the NB7 strain was
observed in the medium with sucrose (488 mg/L) while the lowest level of EPS
production of the NB7 strain was observed in the medium with galactose (144
mg/L). In this study, also, biofilm activities of these strains was determined.
NB2, NB2, NB7, NB8, NB9 and NB10 strains were found to be strong biofilm
producers and NB11 strains were intermediate biofilm producers. Finally,
emulsification of lyophilized EPS (1-EPS) were designated. Emulsification
activity of l-EPSs on hydrocarbons was found in the range of 3-26%. In the
field of environment application of lyophilized EPS obtained from halophilic
bacteria used in this study; it has the potential for use as an emulsifying
agent.

Keywords

Halophilic bacteria, exopolysaccharide, emulsification, biofilm

Project Number

05/2018-04

References

• Arias S, del Moral A, Ferrer MR, Tallon R, Quesada E, Bejar V 2003. Mauran, an exopolysaccharide produced by the halophilic bacterium Halomonas maura, with a novel composition and interesting properties for biotechnology. Extremophiles 7: 319–326.
• Baltaci N, Yuksekdag ZN, Aslim B 2017. Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants by Halophilic bacteria and archaea strains. Fresen Environ Bull 26(1): 686-694.
• Bradford M 1976. A Rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 72: 248-254.
• Chikkanna A, Ghosh D, Kishore A 2018. Expression and characterization of a potential exopolysaccharide from a newly isolated halophilic thermotolerant bacteria Halomonas nitroreducens strain WB1. PeerJ 6(e4684): 1-18.
• Coenye T, Nelis HJ 2010. In vitro and in vivo model systems to study microbial biofilm formation. J Microbiol Meth 83(2): 89–105.
• Cooper DG, Goldenberg BG 1987. Surface-active agents from two Bacillus species. Appl Environ Microbiol 53(2): 224-229.
• Dubois M, Gilles KA, Hamilton JK, Rebers PA, Smith F 1956. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Anal Chem 28(3): 350 -356.
• Freitas F, Alves VD, Carvalheira M, Costa N, Oliveira R, Reis MAM 2009. Emulsifying behaviour and rheological properties of the extracellular polysaccharide produced by Pseudomonas oleovorans grown on glycerol by product. Carbohyd Polym 78(3): 549–556.
• Gu D, Jiao Y, Wu J, Liu Z, Chen Q 2017. Optimization of EPS production and chracterization by a Halophilic Bacterium, Kocuria rosea ZJUQH from Chaka Salt Lake with response surface methodology. Molecules 22: 814.
• Gupta P, Diwan B 2017. Bacterial exopoloysaccaharide mediated heavy metal removal: A review on biosynthesis, mechanism and remediation strategies. Biotechnol Rep 13: 58-71.
• Kazak H 2009. Exopolysaccharide production by Halomonas strains isolated from Turkey. Thesis For The Degree of Master of Science in Bioengineering, Marmara University, Institute for graduate studies in pure and applied sciences, İstanbul 1-54.
• Kılıç NK, Dönmez G 2019. Farklı ortam koşullarının Micrococcus sp. ekzopolisakkarit üretimine etkisi. AKÜ FEMÜBİD 19: 40-46.
• Liaqat I, Bachmann RT, Edyvean RGJ 2014. Type 2 Quorum sensing monitoring, inhibition and biofilm formation in marine microrganisms. Curr Microbiol 68: 342-351.
• Llamas I, Amjres H, Mata JA, Quesada E, Bejar V 2012. The potential biotechnological applications of the exopolysaccharide produced by the halophilic bacterium Halomonas almeriensis. Molecules 17: 7103–7120.
• Llamas I, Mata JA, Tallon R, Bressollier P, Urdaci MC, Quesada E, Bejar V 2010. Characterization of the exopolysaccharide produced by Salipiger mucosus A3T, a halophilic species belonging to the Alphaproteobacteria, isolated on the Spanish Mediterranean Seaboard. Mar Drugs 8: 2240-2251.
• Mata JA, Bejar V, Llamas I, Arias S, Bressollier P, Tallon R, Urdaci MC, Quesada E 2006. Exopolysaccharides produced by the recently described halophilic bacteria Halomonas ventosae and Halomonas anticariensis. Res Microbiol 157: 827-835.
• Nour El-Dein MM, El-Fallal AM, El-Shahat Toson A, Hereher EF 2004. Exopolysaccharides production by Pleurotus pulmonarius: Factors affecting formation and their structures. Pak J Biol Sci 7(6): 1078-1084.
• Patel RM, Desai AJ 1997. Biosurfactant production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa GS3 from molasses. Lett Appl Microbiol 25: 91-94.
• Radchenkova N, Boyadzhieva I, Atanasova N, Poli A, Finore I, Di Donato P, Nicolaus B, Panchev I, Kuncheva M, Kambourova M 2018. Extracellular polymer substance synthesized by a halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter canadensis 28. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 102: 4937-4949.
• Sarikaya H, Belma A, Yuksekdag Z 2017. Assessment of anti-biofilm activity and bifidogenic growth stimulator (BGS) effect of lyophilized exopolysaccharides (l-EPSs) from Lactobacilli strains. Int Food Prop 20: 362–371.
• Sethi D, Mohanty S, Pattanayak SK 2019. Effect of different carbon, nitrogen and vitamine sources on exopolysaccharide production of Rhizobium species isolated from root nodule of redgram. Indian J Biochem Biophysics 56: 86-93.
• Stepanovic S, Vukovic D, Dakic I, Savic B, Svabic-Vlahovic M 2000. A modified microtiter-plate test for quantification of staphylococcal biofilm formation. J Microbiol Meth 40(2): 175-9.
• Tsuda H, Hara K, Miyamoto T 2008. Binding of mutagens to exopolysaccharide produced by Lactobacillus plantarum mutant strain 301102S. J Dairy Sci 91: 2960-2966.
• Ünal D 2011. Çeşitli klinik örneklerden izole edilen Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Staphyloccuccus ve Candida cinsi mikroorganizmalarda biyofilm varlığının araştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara 1-298.
• Vestby LK, Moretro T, Langsrud S, Heir E, Nesse LL 2009. Biofilm forming abilities of Salmonella are correlated with persistence in fish meal and feed factories. BMC Veterinary Res 5: 20.
• Völkel S, Fröls S, Pfeifer F 2018. Heavy metal ion stress on Halobacterium salinarum R1 planktonic cells and biofilms. Front Microbiol 9: 3157, 1-14.
• Wang J, Salem DR, Sani RK 2019. Extremophilic exopolysaccharides: A review and new perspectives on engineering strategies and applications. Carbohyd Polym 205: 8-26.
• Yang Y, Shao Z, Du J, He Q, Chai H 2018. Enhancement of organic matter removal in an integrated biofilm-membrane bioreactor treating high-salinity wastewater. Archaea Vol 2018: 8.