AFET DÖNEMLERİNDE SOSYAL MEDYANIN BAĞIŞ TERCİHLERİNDEKİ ROLÜ: 6 ŞUBAT KAHRAMANMARAŞ DEPREMLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME
Year 2024,
Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 537 - 567, 27.09.2024
Caner Varol
,
Necmi Emel Dilmen
,
Berrak Bostancı
Abstract
Sosyal medya hayatımız ve yaşayış biçimimiz üzerinde çok fazla etki eden bir platform olarak son yıllara damga vurmuştur. Arkadaşlık kurma, haber alma ve toplumsal olaylar sonrası tepki gösterme biçimlerimiz çok ciddi dönüşüme uğramıştır. Afet dönemlerinde sosyal medya, haber alma, bilgiye erişim ve yardım çağrılarını paylaşma gibi önemli işlevlere hizmet ederken; yanlış bilgi yayma riski ve güvenilir olmayan bağış kampanyalarına olanak tanıma gibi olumsuzluklara da sebep olabilmektedir.
Merkez üssü Sofalıcı-Şehitkamil olan 7.7 ve merkez üssü Ekinözü-Kahramanmaraş olan 7.6 şiddetindeki depremler, ciddi can kaybına ve binlerce yapının yıkımına neden olmuştur. Araştırma, afetin yıkıcı etkileri karşısında toplumun dayanışma ve yardımlaşma duygularını, özellikle sosyal medya üzerinden düzenlenen bağış kampanyalarıyla incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Araştırmada, sosyal medya kullanıcılarının bağış yapma niyetlerini belirleyen temel faktörleri incelemek amacıyla, Ayrıntılandırma Olasılığı Modeli ve Planlı Davranış Teorisi temel alınarak nicel bir anket çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu anket, farklı yaş grupları ve sosyo-ekonomik koşullardan 436 katılımcı ile yapılmış olup, sosyal medya paylaşımlarının kişilerin bağış yapma niyeti arasındaki ilişkileri analiz etmektedir.
Anketin %95 güvenilirlik oranına sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, büyük afet durumlarında bağış niyetinin gelir durumundan bağımsız olduğunu ve birçok insanın bağış yapma niyetine sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çalışma, sosyal medya kampanyalarında bağış yapma niyetini etkileyen temel faktörleri ortaya koyarak, bu alanda daha bilinçli yaklaşımlar geliştirilmesine katkı sağlamaktadır.
Ethical Statement
Araştırma yürütülmeden önce Yalova Üniversitesi Etik Kurulu’ndan (toplantı tarihi: 20.07.2023, karar no: 2023/135) gerekli izinler alınmıştır.
References
- AFAD (2023, 2 Haziran). Deprem Raporları. https://deprem.afad.gov.tr/earthquake-reports
Ajzen, I., & Driver, B. L. (1992). Application of the theory of planned behavior to leisure choice. Journal of Leisure Research, 24(3), 207–224. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1992.11969889
- Bilgin, Y. & Kethüda, Ö. (2022). Charity Social Media marketing and its influence on charity brand image, brand trust, and donation ıntention. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 33(1), 1091-1102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-021-00426-7
- B.Ü. Kandilli Rasathanesi Ve Deprem Araştırma Enstitüsü Bölgesel Deprem-Tsunami İzleme Ve Değerlendirme Merkezi. (2023, Şubat). Aylık Arşivler Şubat 2023. http://www.koeri.boun.edu.tr/sismo/2/tr/2023/02/ .
- Chugh, R. (2018). Disaster fundraising via Social Media: a case study of non-resident Nepalese community in Australia. WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development, 14, 636-642.
- Çanakçı M., Öztürk S. & Şaşmazlar C. (2022). Afet ve kriz yönetiminde Sosyal Medyanın kullanımı üzerine bir araştırma: Twitter örneği, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, GÜSBD, 11(3), 882 – 897.
https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1136584
- Daniels, C. (2010, July 1). Nonprofits discover power of Social Media fundraising. PR Week. https://www.prweek.com/article/1267263/nonprofits-discover-power-social-media-fundraising
- Feng, Y., Du, L., & Ling, Q. (2017). How Social Media strategies of nonprofit organizations affect consumer donation intention and word-of-mouth, Social Behavior and Personality: An international journal, 45 (11), 1775–1786. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.4412
- Goldkind, L. (2015). Social media and social service: Are nonprofits plugged in to the digital age?, Human Service Organizations: Management, Leadership & Governance, 39(4), 380–396. https://doi.org/10.1080/23303131.2015.1053585
- Kıymalıoğlu, A. (2014). Ayrıntılandırma Olasılığı Modeli ve Uygulama Alanları. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 29(2), 167-203.
- Levine, H. & Zahradnik, A. G. (2012). Online media, market orientation, and financial performance in nonprofits, Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 24 (1), 26–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/10495142.2012.652908
- Muralidharan, S., Rasmussen, L., Patterson, D. & Shin, J. H. (2011). Hope for Haiti: An analysis of Facebook and Twitter usage during the earthquake relief efforts, Public Relations Review, 37(2), 175-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2011.01.010
- Nurluoğlu G. (2023, 9 Şubat). Afet döneminde Sosyal Medyanın gücünü nasıl kullanabiliriz? https://gamzenurluoglu.medium.com/afet-d%C3%B6neminde-sosyal-medyan%C4%B1n-g%C3%BCc%C3%BCn%C3%BC-nas%C4%B1l-kullanabiliriz-9c41171737f
- Ogie, R., Moore, A., Dilworth, T., Jones, S. & Amirghasemi, M. (2022). #RecoverSouthCoast: how Twitter can support and hinder recovery, Australian Journal of Emergency Management, 37 (4), 104-110. https://doi.org/10.47389/37.4.104
- Okada, A., Ishida, Y. & Yamauchi, N. (2017). Effectiveness of Social Media in disaster fundraising: mobilizing the public towards voluntary actions. Int. J. Public Adm. Digit. Age 4, 1 (January 2017), 49–68.
https://doi.org/10.4018/IJPADA.2017010104
- Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion, Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 19, 123–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60214-2
- Petty, R. E., Kasmer J. A., Haugtvedt, C. P. & Cacioppo, J. T. (1987), Source and message factors in persuasion: a reply to stiff’s critique of the elaboration likelihood model, Communication Monographs 54 (3), 233–249. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637758709390229
- Petty, R. E., Schumann, D. W., Richman, S. A., & Strathman, A. J. (1993). Positive mood and persuasion: Different roles for affect under high- and low-elaboration conditions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64(1), 5–20. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.64.1.5
- Rajapaksha, D. S., Sokol, K., Chan, J. A., Salim, F. D., Prasad, M., & Samarawickrama, M. (2022). Analysing donors' behaviour in non-profit organisations for disaster resilience: The 2019-2020, Australian bushfires case study. Proceedings of the ISCRAM Asia Pacific Conference 2022. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2210.09034
- Saxton, G. D., & Wang, L. (2014). The social network effect: the determinants of giving through Social Media, Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 43(5), 850-868. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764013485159
- Usta E., Yükseler M. (2021). Afetlerde Sosyal Medya kullanımı ve etik ikilemler: İzmir Seferihisar Depremi örneği, Afet ve Risk Dergisi, 4(2), 249-269. https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.981246
- Yazıcıoğlu, Y., Erdoğan, S. (2004). SPSS uygulamalı bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
Wijaya, W. V., Yusriah, K., & Banowo, E. (2019). New fundraising platform in disaster communication management, International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 6 (1), 63-71.
- Wu, F., & Peng, L. (2017). The rise of non-governmental disaster relief in China, Journal of Risk Research, 20(7), 915-927. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2916221
THE ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN DONATION PREFERENCES DURING DISASTER PERIODS: AN EXAMINATION ON THE FEBRUARY 6 KAHRAMANMARAŞ EARTHQUAKES
Year 2024,
Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 537 - 567, 27.09.2024
Caner Varol
,
Necmi Emel Dilmen
,
Berrak Bostancı
Abstract
Social media has become a platform that profoundly influences our lives and behaviours, leaving a significant mark in recent years. The ways in which we form friendships, receive news, and react to societal events have undergone substantial transformations. During times of disaster, social media plays a crucial role in disseminating information, providing access to updates, and sharing calls for aid. However, it also presents risks, such as the spread of misinformation and the facilitation of untrustworthy donation campaigns.
The earthquakes with epicentres in Sofalıcı-Şehitkamil (magnitude 7.7) and Ekinözü-Kahramanmaraş (magnitude 7.6) caused significant loss of life and the destruction of thousands of buildings. This research aims to explore societal solidarity and the spirit of cooperation in response to these devastating events, particularly through donation campaigns organised via social media.
The study employed a quantitative survey based on the Elaboration Likelihood Model and the Theory of Planned Behaviour to investigate the key factors influencing social media users’ intentions to donate. The survey was conducted with 436 participants from various age groups and socio-economic backgrounds, analysing the relationship between social media posts and individuals' intentions to donate.
The survey demonstrated a 95% reliability rate. The findings indicated that in major disaster situations, the intention to donate was independent of income level, with many participants expressing a strong willingness to donate. This study sheds light on the key factors affecting donation intentions in social media campaigns, contributing to the development of more informed and strategic approaches in this field.
References
- AFAD (2023, 2 Haziran). Deprem Raporları. https://deprem.afad.gov.tr/earthquake-reports
Ajzen, I., & Driver, B. L. (1992). Application of the theory of planned behavior to leisure choice. Journal of Leisure Research, 24(3), 207–224. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1992.11969889
- Bilgin, Y. & Kethüda, Ö. (2022). Charity Social Media marketing and its influence on charity brand image, brand trust, and donation ıntention. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 33(1), 1091-1102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-021-00426-7
- B.Ü. Kandilli Rasathanesi Ve Deprem Araştırma Enstitüsü Bölgesel Deprem-Tsunami İzleme Ve Değerlendirme Merkezi. (2023, Şubat). Aylık Arşivler Şubat 2023. http://www.koeri.boun.edu.tr/sismo/2/tr/2023/02/ .
- Chugh, R. (2018). Disaster fundraising via Social Media: a case study of non-resident Nepalese community in Australia. WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development, 14, 636-642.
- Çanakçı M., Öztürk S. & Şaşmazlar C. (2022). Afet ve kriz yönetiminde Sosyal Medyanın kullanımı üzerine bir araştırma: Twitter örneği, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, GÜSBD, 11(3), 882 – 897.
https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1136584
- Daniels, C. (2010, July 1). Nonprofits discover power of Social Media fundraising. PR Week. https://www.prweek.com/article/1267263/nonprofits-discover-power-social-media-fundraising
- Feng, Y., Du, L., & Ling, Q. (2017). How Social Media strategies of nonprofit organizations affect consumer donation intention and word-of-mouth, Social Behavior and Personality: An international journal, 45 (11), 1775–1786. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.4412
- Goldkind, L. (2015). Social media and social service: Are nonprofits plugged in to the digital age?, Human Service Organizations: Management, Leadership & Governance, 39(4), 380–396. https://doi.org/10.1080/23303131.2015.1053585
- Kıymalıoğlu, A. (2014). Ayrıntılandırma Olasılığı Modeli ve Uygulama Alanları. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 29(2), 167-203.
- Levine, H. & Zahradnik, A. G. (2012). Online media, market orientation, and financial performance in nonprofits, Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 24 (1), 26–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/10495142.2012.652908
- Muralidharan, S., Rasmussen, L., Patterson, D. & Shin, J. H. (2011). Hope for Haiti: An analysis of Facebook and Twitter usage during the earthquake relief efforts, Public Relations Review, 37(2), 175-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2011.01.010
- Nurluoğlu G. (2023, 9 Şubat). Afet döneminde Sosyal Medyanın gücünü nasıl kullanabiliriz? https://gamzenurluoglu.medium.com/afet-d%C3%B6neminde-sosyal-medyan%C4%B1n-g%C3%BCc%C3%BCn%C3%BC-nas%C4%B1l-kullanabiliriz-9c41171737f
- Ogie, R., Moore, A., Dilworth, T., Jones, S. & Amirghasemi, M. (2022). #RecoverSouthCoast: how Twitter can support and hinder recovery, Australian Journal of Emergency Management, 37 (4), 104-110. https://doi.org/10.47389/37.4.104
- Okada, A., Ishida, Y. & Yamauchi, N. (2017). Effectiveness of Social Media in disaster fundraising: mobilizing the public towards voluntary actions. Int. J. Public Adm. Digit. Age 4, 1 (January 2017), 49–68.
https://doi.org/10.4018/IJPADA.2017010104
- Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion, Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 19, 123–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60214-2
- Petty, R. E., Kasmer J. A., Haugtvedt, C. P. & Cacioppo, J. T. (1987), Source and message factors in persuasion: a reply to stiff’s critique of the elaboration likelihood model, Communication Monographs 54 (3), 233–249. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637758709390229
- Petty, R. E., Schumann, D. W., Richman, S. A., & Strathman, A. J. (1993). Positive mood and persuasion: Different roles for affect under high- and low-elaboration conditions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64(1), 5–20. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.64.1.5
- Rajapaksha, D. S., Sokol, K., Chan, J. A., Salim, F. D., Prasad, M., & Samarawickrama, M. (2022). Analysing donors' behaviour in non-profit organisations for disaster resilience: The 2019-2020, Australian bushfires case study. Proceedings of the ISCRAM Asia Pacific Conference 2022. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2210.09034
- Saxton, G. D., & Wang, L. (2014). The social network effect: the determinants of giving through Social Media, Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 43(5), 850-868. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764013485159
- Usta E., Yükseler M. (2021). Afetlerde Sosyal Medya kullanımı ve etik ikilemler: İzmir Seferihisar Depremi örneği, Afet ve Risk Dergisi, 4(2), 249-269. https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.981246
- Yazıcıoğlu, Y., Erdoğan, S. (2004). SPSS uygulamalı bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
Wijaya, W. V., Yusriah, K., & Banowo, E. (2019). New fundraising platform in disaster communication management, International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 6 (1), 63-71.
- Wu, F., & Peng, L. (2017). The rise of non-governmental disaster relief in China, Journal of Risk Research, 20(7), 915-927. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2916221