Optimization of the Production of Biodiesel from Beef Tallow Applying Ultrasound Technology

Year 2019, Issue: 16, 485 - 493, 31.08.2019

Tuba Hatice Doğan , Özlem Karagöz

Abstract

Biodiesel is one of the renewable energy sources that can
be produced from vegetable and animal sources. Biodiesel has many advantages
such as being environmentally friendly, non-toxic, low emission profile and
biodegradable. Contrary to its advantages, one of the most important
disadvantages is its high cost. The cost of
biodiesel increases considerably when it is produced from edible crude oils.
Therefore, a suitable feedstock should be used for biodiesel production. Beef
tallow is an fat that is not preferred much in the food sector and can be
called as waste. When biodiesel is produced from this fat, the contribution
will be made both to the environment and to the economy. In this work, the optimization of ultrasound assisted biodiesel production from beef
tallow was investigated. Taguchi
method was used to optimize the biodiesel yield. Catalyst amount (0.75-2 wt.%
of oil), methanol/oil molar ratio (5/1-9/1), reaction time (30-120 min),
ultrasound time (5-20 min), ultrasound power (10-40 W) were selected as
parameters. The optimum conditions were found to be 1.5 wt.% of oil for the catalyst amount, 7/1 methanol/oil molar ratio, 40W ultrasound power, 60 minute
reaction time and 10 minute ultrasound time. The fuel
properties of biodiesel obtained under these conditions accomplished the requirements of both the EN 14214 and ASTM D
6751 standards.  The biodiesel
yield under optimum conditions was 99.8%. In addition, according to the ANOVA
results, it is found that the influence of reaction time, ultrasound time, methanol/oil molar ratio, catalyst amount and ultrasound power on production yield are obtained as
34.56%, 29.72%, 23.68%, 9.18% and 2.17%, respectively.  

Keywords

Optimization, Biodiesel, Beef Tallow

Supporting Institution

Ataturk University Scientific Research Project

Project Number

BAP 2016/208

Ultrases Teknolojisi Uygulayarak Sığır İç Yağından Biyodizel Üretiminin Optimizasyonu

Abstract

Biyodizel,
bitkisel ve hayvansal kaynaklardan üretilebilen yenilenebilir enerji
kaynaklarından birisidir. Biyodizel, çevre dostu olması, toksik olmaması, düşük
emisyon profiline sahip olması ve biyolojik olarak bozunabilir olması gibi pek
çok avantaja sahiptir. Onun bu avantajlarının aksine en önemli dezavantajlarından
birisi yüksek maliyetli oluşudur. Biyodizelin maliyeti, yemeklik ham yağlardan
üretildiğinde önemli ölçüde artar. Bu nedenle, biyodizel üretimi için uygun bir
hammadde kullanılmalıdır. Sığır iç yağı, gıda sektöründe fazla tercih edilmeyen
bir yağdır ve atık olarak adlandırılabilir. Bu yağdan biyodizel üretildiğinde,
hem çevreye hem de ekonomiye katkı sağlanacaktır. Bu çalışmada sığır iç yağından,
ultrases destekli biyodizel üretiminin optimizasyonu araştırıldı. Biyodizel
verimini optimize etmek için Taguchi yöntemi kullanıldı. Katalizör miktarı (ağırlıkça
% 0.75-2), metanol/yağ molar oranı (5/1-9/1), reaksiyon süresi (30-120 dk),
ultrases süresi (5-20 dk), ultrases gücü (10-40 W) parametre olarak seçildi.
Optimum koşullar % 1.5 (ağırlıkça) katalizör miktarı, metanol/yağ oranı 7/1,
ultrases gücü 40 W, reaksiyon süresi 60 dk ve ultrases süresi 10 dk olarak
bulundu. Bu koşullar altında elde edilen biyodizelin yakıt özellikleri, hem EN
14214 hem de ASTM D 6751 standartlarının gerekliliklerini yerine getirmiştir.
Optimum koşullar altında biyodizel verimi % 99.8 dir. Ayrıca, ANOVA sonuçlarına
göre, ürün verimi üzerine reaksiyon süresi, ultrases süresi, metanol / yağ molar
oranı, katalizör miktarı ve ultrases gücünün etkisinin sırasıyla % 34,56, %
29,72, % 23,68, % 9,18 ve % 2,17 olduğu bulunmuştur.

Keywords

Optimizasyon, Biyodizel, Sığır iç yağı

Project Number

BAP 2016/208

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