Siyah Kuşburnu Meyvesinden Süperkritik CO2 Ekstraksiyonu ile Doğal Pigment Eldesinin Yüzey Yanıt Yöntemi Kullanılarak Modellenmesi ve Optimizasyonu
Year 2020,
Issue: 20, 16 - 23, 31.12.2020
Kadriye Kasapoğlu
Evren Demircan
,
Mine Özgüven
,
Beraat Özçelik
Abstract
Bu çalışmada siyah kuşburnu meyvesi içerdiği antosiyaninlerden dolayı doğal pigment kaynağı olarak kullanılmıştır. Söz konusu pigmentleri elde etmek için yeşil teknoloji olarak değerlendirilen ve organik çözgen kalıntısı bırakma riski içermeyen süperkritik karbon dioksit (SK-CO2) ektraksiyonundan yararlanılmıştır. Ekstraksiyon parametreleri olan karbon dioksit basıncı (150-350 bar), sıcaklık (40-60°C) ve yardımcı solvent (etanol) konsantrasyonunun (%20-100) toplam antosiyaninlerin eldesi üzerine etkileri Box-Behnken modeline göre Yanıt-Yüzey Yöntemi ile model oluşturularak optimize edilmiştir. Antosiyaninlerin SK-CO2 ekstraksiyonu sulu etanolün yardımcı çözgen olarak kullanımıyla başarıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bağımsız değişkenler içinde en önemli değişkenin yardımcı çözgen kompozisyonu ile sıcaklık ve basınç interaksiyonu olduğu görülmüştür. Optimum proses koşulları olarak basıncın (350 bar) ve sıcaklığın (60°C) en yüksek olduğu, etanol konsantrasyonunun %60 olan merkez noktası değerlerine yakın olduğu (%54-55) değerler bulunmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre özellikle etanol konsantrasyonunu %60’ın altında kalması gerektiği anlaşılmıştır. Ayrıca, saf etanol kullanılan işlemlerde ekstraksiyon veriminin çok düşük çıktığı görülmüştür. Son olarak; modelin validasyonu gerçekleştirilmiş, tahminlenen toplam antosiyanin miktarı ile gerçek ölçülen değerlerle karşılaştırıldığında değerlerin birbirine yakın olduğu (R2=0.8936) sonucuna varılmıştır.
Thanks
Yazarlar siyah kuşburnu numunelerinin tedarik eden Bayburt Üniversitesi Gıda Mühendisliği Bölümü’nden Dr. Öğretim Üyesi Ayla Arslaner’e teşekkür eder.
References
- Bristow, S., Shekunov, B. Y., & York, P. (2001). Solubility analysis of drug compounds in supercritical carbon dioxide using static and dynamic extraction systems. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 40(7), 1732–1739. Doi:10.1021/ie0002834
- Ercişli, S. & Eşitken, A. (2004) Fruit characteristics of native rose hip (Rosa spp.) selections from the Erzurum province of Turkey, New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 32(1), 51-53. DOI: 10.1080/01140671.2004.9514279
- Fascella, G., D'Angiolillo, F., Mammano, M. M., Amenta, M., Romeo, F. V., Rapisarda, P., & Ballistreri, G. (2019). Bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of four rose hip species from spontaneous Sicilian flora. Food Chemistry, 289, 56-64. Doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.127
- Jiao, G. (2018). Extraction of anthocyanins from haskap berry pulp using supercritical carbon dioxide: Influence of co-solvent composition and pretreatment. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 98, 237-244. Doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2018.08.042
- Khandare, V., Walia, S., Singh, M., & Kaur, C. (2011). Black carrot (Daucus carota ssp. sativus) juice: Processing effects on antioxidant composition and color. Food and Bioproducts Processing, 89(4), 482–486. Doi:10.1016/j.fbp.2010.07.007
- Khazaei, K. M., Jafari, S. M., Ghorbani, M., Kakhki, A. H., & Sarfarazi, M. (2016). Optimization of anthocyanin extraction from saffron petals with response surface methodology. Food Analytical Methods, 9(7), 1993-2001. Doi: 10.1007/s12161-015-0375-4
- Maran, J. P., Priya, B., & Manikandan, S. (2014). Modeling and optimization of supercritical fluid extraction of anthocyanin and phenolic compounds from Syzygium cumini fruit pulp. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 51(9), 1938–1946. Doi:10.1007/s13197-013-1237-y
- Öz, M., Baltacı, C., & Deniz, İ. (2018).Gümüşhane Yöresi Kuşburnu (Rosa canina L.) ve Siyah Kuşburnu (Rosa pimpinellifolia L.) Meyvelerinin C Vitamini ve Şeker Analizleri. GÜFBED/GUSTIJ, 8 (2), 284-292. Doi: 10.17714/gumusfenbil.327635
- Seabra, I. J., Braga, M. E. M., Batista, M. T., & De Sousa, H. C. (2010). Effect of solvent (CO2/ethanol/H2O) on the fractionated enhanced solvent extraction of anthocyanins from elderberry pomace. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 54(2), 145–152. Doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2010.05.001
- Vatai, T., Škerget, M., & Knez, Ž. (2009). Extraction of phenolic compounds from elder berry and different grape marc varieties using organic solvents and/or supercritical carbon dioxide. Journal of Food Engineering, 90(2), 246–254. Doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.06.028
- Xu, D. P., Zheng, J., Zhou, Y., Li, Y., Li, S., & Li, H. B. (2017). Ultrasound-assisted extraction of natural antioxidants from the flower of Limonium sinuatum: Optimization and comparison with conventional methods. Food Chemistry, 217, 552-559. Doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.013
- Zhou, F., Wang, T., Zhang, B., & Zhao, H. (2018). Addition of sucrose during the blueberry heating process is good or bad? Evaluating the changes of anthocyanins/anthocyanidins and the anticancer ability in HepG-2 cells. Food Research International, 107, 509-517. Doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2018.02.071
- Zulkafli, Z. D., Wang, H., Miyashita, F., Utsumi, N., & Tamura, K. (2014). Cosolvent-modified supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of phenolic compounds from bamboo leaves (Sasa palmata). The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 94, 123-129. Doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2014.07.008
Modeling and Optimization of Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Natural Pigments from Black Rosehip Using Response Surface Methodology
Year 2020,
Issue: 20, 16 - 23, 31.12.2020
Kadriye Kasapoğlu
Evren Demircan
,
Mine Özgüven
,
Beraat Özçelik
Abstract
In this work, black rosehip was used as potent natural pigment source due to its anthocyanin content. To obtain these pigments, supercritical carbon dioxide extraction considered as a green extraction technique was employed. The effects of carbon dioxide pressure (150-350 bar), temperature (40-60°C) and co-solvent (ethanol) concentration (20-100%) on extraction of total anthocyanins were optimized using the Response-Surface Method according to the Box-Behnken model. Extraction of anthocyanins was successfully achieved when aqueous ethanol used as co-solvent. The most effective variables were co-solvent composition and pressure and temperature interaction (p<0.005). Optimum extraction conditions were elicited as the highest pressure (350 bar) and temperature (60°C) conditions and the ethanol concentration close to the center point values of 60% (54-55%). According to the results obtained, it was understood that the ethanol concentration should remain below 60%. In addition, extraction efficiency was found to be very low in processes using absolute ethanol. Finally; the model was validated. When the estimated total anthocyanin amount (R2 = 0.8936) was compared to the actual measured values, the values were found to be close to each other.
References
- Bristow, S., Shekunov, B. Y., & York, P. (2001). Solubility analysis of drug compounds in supercritical carbon dioxide using static and dynamic extraction systems. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 40(7), 1732–1739. Doi:10.1021/ie0002834
- Ercişli, S. & Eşitken, A. (2004) Fruit characteristics of native rose hip (Rosa spp.) selections from the Erzurum province of Turkey, New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 32(1), 51-53. DOI: 10.1080/01140671.2004.9514279
- Fascella, G., D'Angiolillo, F., Mammano, M. M., Amenta, M., Romeo, F. V., Rapisarda, P., & Ballistreri, G. (2019). Bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of four rose hip species from spontaneous Sicilian flora. Food Chemistry, 289, 56-64. Doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.127
- Jiao, G. (2018). Extraction of anthocyanins from haskap berry pulp using supercritical carbon dioxide: Influence of co-solvent composition and pretreatment. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 98, 237-244. Doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2018.08.042
- Khandare, V., Walia, S., Singh, M., & Kaur, C. (2011). Black carrot (Daucus carota ssp. sativus) juice: Processing effects on antioxidant composition and color. Food and Bioproducts Processing, 89(4), 482–486. Doi:10.1016/j.fbp.2010.07.007
- Khazaei, K. M., Jafari, S. M., Ghorbani, M., Kakhki, A. H., & Sarfarazi, M. (2016). Optimization of anthocyanin extraction from saffron petals with response surface methodology. Food Analytical Methods, 9(7), 1993-2001. Doi: 10.1007/s12161-015-0375-4
- Maran, J. P., Priya, B., & Manikandan, S. (2014). Modeling and optimization of supercritical fluid extraction of anthocyanin and phenolic compounds from Syzygium cumini fruit pulp. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 51(9), 1938–1946. Doi:10.1007/s13197-013-1237-y
- Öz, M., Baltacı, C., & Deniz, İ. (2018).Gümüşhane Yöresi Kuşburnu (Rosa canina L.) ve Siyah Kuşburnu (Rosa pimpinellifolia L.) Meyvelerinin C Vitamini ve Şeker Analizleri. GÜFBED/GUSTIJ, 8 (2), 284-292. Doi: 10.17714/gumusfenbil.327635
- Seabra, I. J., Braga, M. E. M., Batista, M. T., & De Sousa, H. C. (2010). Effect of solvent (CO2/ethanol/H2O) on the fractionated enhanced solvent extraction of anthocyanins from elderberry pomace. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 54(2), 145–152. Doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2010.05.001
- Vatai, T., Škerget, M., & Knez, Ž. (2009). Extraction of phenolic compounds from elder berry and different grape marc varieties using organic solvents and/or supercritical carbon dioxide. Journal of Food Engineering, 90(2), 246–254. Doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.06.028
- Xu, D. P., Zheng, J., Zhou, Y., Li, Y., Li, S., & Li, H. B. (2017). Ultrasound-assisted extraction of natural antioxidants from the flower of Limonium sinuatum: Optimization and comparison with conventional methods. Food Chemistry, 217, 552-559. Doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.013
- Zhou, F., Wang, T., Zhang, B., & Zhao, H. (2018). Addition of sucrose during the blueberry heating process is good or bad? Evaluating the changes of anthocyanins/anthocyanidins and the anticancer ability in HepG-2 cells. Food Research International, 107, 509-517. Doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2018.02.071
- Zulkafli, Z. D., Wang, H., Miyashita, F., Utsumi, N., & Tamura, K. (2014). Cosolvent-modified supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of phenolic compounds from bamboo leaves (Sasa palmata). The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 94, 123-129. Doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2014.07.008