Determination of Heavy Metal Distribution of Yenikapı (Istanbul) Sea Sediments Using Libs Method

Year 2021, Issue: 22, 60 - 64, 31.01.2021

Melike Önce , İpek Balnan , Nursel Kam

https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.849768

Abstract

In this study, the toxic element concentrations of the marine sediments of the Yenikapı (Istanbul) coast were determined by LIBS (Laser Induced Plasma Spectroscopy) technique. Six samples of core sediment were taken from the region for analysis. The samples were brought to the laboratory and made ready for analysis. The area is open to pollution from boat waste, fishing waste and domestic waste water. The LIBS method has advantages such as faster results than all other conventional methods, being portable, low analysis costs, not being damaged of sediments, reused after analysis, and short preparation process, and it is an important and practical technique for determining elements of natural and anthropogenic origin. The method is used in many fields such as environment, geology, forensic medicine, food, health and it has been found to give accurate and fast results.The analysis results obtained with the LIBS method give the probability of the elements in that sample as a% value. Analysis does not provide the amount of elements in the sample. Although this is seen as a disadvantage, this method gives very useful results for practical and preliminary research. In this study, ECCO®2 branded LIBS machine was used. The heavy metal distribution of six sediment samples taken from the Yenikapı region is shown by graphs. According to LIBS analysis results, it was seen that the distribution of elements such as Fe, K, Li, Sr, Zn and Mg was higher in percentage. All elemental data obtained were examined by the basic component analysis (PCA) method in the literature. Thanks to this analysis, the contribution of each variable to the content of the sediment has been tried to be revealed. Analyzes showed 83.39% discrimination for six samples taken from the region. It has been determined that Fe, Al, Mn, Ca, K, Na and Zn elements contribute more in the composition of sediment samples. The contents of six samples taken from the region were found to be similar. Elemental compositions of marine sediments were revealed in the study area. As a result of the analysis, it was seen that LIBS method can be used on sediment samples.

Keywords

LIBS, Sediment, Marmara Sea, Yenikapı, PCA

Yenikapı (İstanbul) Deniz Sedimalarinin Ağır Metal Dağılımının Libs Yöntemi İle Belirlenmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Marmara Denizi Yenikapı (İstanbul) kıyısındaki denizel sedimanların toksik element konsantrasyonları LIBS (Laser Induced Plasma Spectroscopy) tekniği ile belirlenmiştir. Analiz için bölgeden altı adet yüzeysel sediman numunesi alınmıştır. Numuneler laboratuvar ortamına getirilerek analiz için hazır hale getirilmiştir. Bölge tekne atıklarından, balıkçılardan ve evsel atık sulardan kirlenmeye açıktır. LIBS yöntemi, diğer tüm geleneksel yöntemlerden daha hızlı sonuç alma, taşınabilir olması, düşük analiz maliyetleri, numunenin analiz sırasında hasar görmemesi ve tekrar kullanılması ve kısa hazırlık süreci gibi avantajlara sahiptir. Doğal jeolojik yapının ve antropojenik kaynakların bileşiminin belirlenmesi için önemli ve pratik bir tekniktir. Yöntem çevre, jeoloji, adli tıp, gıda, sağlık vb. birçok alanda kullanılmaktadır ve doğru ve hızlı sonuçlar verdiği tespit edilmiştir. LIBS yöntemi ile elde edilen analiz sonuçları o numunedeki elementlerin olasılığını % değer olarak verir. Analiz, numunedeki elementlerin miktarını sağlamaz. Bu bir dezavantaj olarak görülse de bu yöntem pratik ve ön araştırmalar için oldukça faydalı sonuçlar vermektedir. Bu çalışmada ECCO®2 markalı LIBS cihazı kullanılmıştır. Yenikapı bölgesinden alınan altı sediman örneğinin ağır metal dağılımı grafiklerle gösterilmiştir. LIBS analiz sonuçlarına göre Fe, K, Li, Sr, Zn ve Mg gibi elementlerin dağılımının yüzde olarak daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Elde edilen tüm veriler, temel bileşen analizi (PCA) yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Bu analiz sayesinde her değişkenin sedimanın içeriğine katkısı ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Analizler, bölgeden alınan altı numune için % 83.39 ayrım göstermiştir. Sediman numunelerinin bileşiminde Fe, Al, Mn, Ca, K, Na ve Zn elementlerinin katkısının daha fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bölgeden alınan altı numunenin içeriği birbirine benzer bulunmuştur. Çalışma alanında denizel sedimanların elementel kompozisyonları ortaya konmuştur. Analiz sonucunda, LIBS yönteminin sediman örneklerinde kullanılabileceği görülmüştür.

Keywords

LIBS, Sediman, Marmara Denizi, Yenikapı, PCA

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