Evaluation the Impact of the Agricultural Activities on the Soil and Water: Case Study in Konya Province, Turkey

Year 2021, Issue: 27, 243 - 250, 30.11.2021

Nadire Üçler

https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.957724

Abstract

As in many countries, Turkey's primary problem is the sustainable use of water resources. Agricultural activities not only affect the quantity of water but also quality. In this study, 2149 soil sample analysis reports were examined to evaluate the impact of agricultural activities on soil and water. Some important properties of soil have been investigated. Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were applied to examine whether there are significant differences between the phosphorus contents of the soil according to the districts and years. Different scenarios have been investigated to reduce the phosphorus (P) concentration resulting from excessive fertilizer use. According to the results obtained, it was determined that safflower cultivation, which needs less fertilizer, and the use of ideal fertilizers can reduce the total P amount in half of the barley cultivation areas and half of the fallow areas.

Keywords

Water, Soil, Sustainability, Agricultural Activity, Pollution.

Tarımsal Faaliyetlerin Toprak ve Su Üzerindeki Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi: Konya İli, Türkiye Örneği

Abstract

Birçok ülkede olduğu gibi, Türkiye'nin de öncelikli sorunu, su kaynaklarının sürdürülebilir kullanımıdır. Tarımsal faaliyetler sadece suyun miktarını değil aynı zamanda kalitesini de etkiler. Bu çalışmada, tarımsal faaliyetlerin toprak ve su üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmek için 2149 toprak numunesi analiz raporu incelenmiştir. Toprağın bazı önemli özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Toprağın fosfor içerikleri arasında ilçelere ve yıllara göre önemli farklılıklar olup olmadığını incelemek için Kruskal Wallis ve Mann-Whitney testleri uygulanmıştır. Fazla gübre kullanımından kaynaklanan fosfor (P) konsantrasyonunu azaltmak için farklı senaryolar incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre arpa ekim alanlarının yarısında ve nadas alanlarının yarısında daha az gübre ihtiyacı olan aspir ekimi ve ideal gübre kullanımının toplam P miktarını azaltabileceği belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

Su, Toprak, Sürdürülebilirlik, Tarımsal Faaliyet, Kirlilik.

References

• Babaoğlu, M. (2006a). Safflower plant and cultivation. Technical report, Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Directorate of Trakya Agricultural Research Institute. https://arastirma.tarimorman.gov.tr/ttae/Sayfalar/Detay.aspx?SayfaId=59 (Accessed 1 March 2020).
• Babaoğlu, M. (2006b). History of the safflower plant in the world and Turkey, Uses and Its Importance. Technical report, Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Directorate of Trakya Agricultural Research Institute. https://arastirma.tarimorman.gov.tr/ttae/Sayfalar/Detay.aspx?SayfaId=58 (Accessed 1 March 2020)
• Baize, D. (2000). Guide des analyses a pedology: choix, expression, presentation, interpretation. 2e ed, INRA- Paris.
• Blake, L., Mercik, S., Koerschens, M., Moskal, S., Poulton, P. R., Goulding, K. W. T., ... & Powlson, D. S. (2000). Phosphorus content in soil, uptake by plants and balance in three European long-term field experiments. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 56(3), 263-275.
• BOZYİGİT, R. (2020). Seydikemer ilçesi (Muğla) topraklarının özellikleri ve kullanımı üzerine bir değerlendirme. Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, (18), 695-706.
• Dinon, E. (2015). Gerstmans. African Crop Science Journal, 23, 101-111.
• Dungait, J. A., Cardenas, L. M., Blackwell, M. S., Wu, L., Withers, P. J., Chadwick, D. R., ... & Goulding, K. W. (2012). Advances in the understanding of nutrient dynamics and management in UK agriculture. Science of the Total Environment, 434, 39-50.
• Environment Agency, (2007) Diffuse water pollution in England and wales report. Technical report, Foundation for Water Research. http://www.fwr.org/WQreg/Appendices/EA_Diffuse_Pollution_Report_geho0207bzlvee_1773088.pdf (Accessed 1 March 2020).
• Goulding, K., Jarvis, S., & Whitmore, A. (2008). Optimizing nutrient management for farm systems. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 363(1491), 667-680.
• Johnston, A. E., & Dawson, C. J. (2005). Phosphorus in agriculture and in relation to water quality. Agricultural Industries Confederation.
• Kacar, B., Katkat, V. (1997) Phosphorous in Agriculture. 2nd ed., Bursa Chamber of Commerce Publications, Bursa. (in Turkish)
• Kruskal, W. H., & Wallis, W. A. (1952). Use of ranks in one-criterion variance analysis. Journal of the American statistical Association, 47(260), 583-621.
• Laudicina, V. A., Novara, A., Barbera, V., Egli, M., & Badalucco, L. (2015). Long‐term tillage and cropping system effects on chemical and biochemical characteristics of soil organic matter in a Mediterranean semiarid environment. Land Degradation & Development, 26(1), 45-53.
• Li, N. X., Xu, J. F., Yin, W., Chen, Q. Z., Wang, J., & Shi, Z. H. (2020). Effect of local watershed landscapes on the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the waterbodies of reservoir bays. Science of The Total Environment, 716, 137132.
• Mann, H. B., & Whitney, D. R. (1947). On a test of whether one of two random variables is stochastically larger than the other. The annals of mathematical statistics, 50-60.
• Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (2018). Fertilizer Sector Policy Document 2018-2022. https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/TAGEM/Belgeler/yayin/G%C3%BCbre%20Sekt%C3%B6r%20Politika%20Belgesi%202018-2022.pdf. (Accessed 1 March 2020).
• Ministry of Environment and Urbanization (2013). Konya provincial environmental status report. https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/ced/editordosya/Konya_icdr2013.pdf. (Accessed 10 March 2020).
• Ministry of Environment and Urbanization (2018). Konya provincial environmental status report. https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/ced/icerikler/konya_-cdr_2018_rev-ze-20190808113124.pdf. Accessed 10 March 2020.
• National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (2008). Nonpoint Source Pollution: Pollutants from Nonpoint Sources: Nutrients. https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/kits/pollution/04nonpointsource.html (Accessed 1 July 2019).
• Nixon, S. W., Ammerman, J. W., Atkinson, L. P., Berounsky, V. M., Billen, G., Boicourt, W. C., ... & Seitzinger, S. P. (1996). The fate of nitrogen and phosphorus at the land-sea margin of the North Atlantic Ocean. Biogeochemistry, 35(1), 141-180.
• Ozturk, I., Tanik, A., Cokgor, E., Gurel, M., Mantas, E., Insel, G., & Ozabali, A. (2007). Watershed protection action plan, final report, Greater Istanbul Water Supply Melen System II. Stage Buyuk Melen Watershed integrated protection and water management master plan, Istanbul Technical University. Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul.
• Ozalp, D. (2009). Determination of Diffuse Pollutant Sources and Management Recommendations in The Eastern Black Sea Basin. Thesis, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.
• Shapiro, S. S., & Wilk, M. B. (1965). An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika, 52(3/4), 591-611.
• Ugurluoğlu, A. (2009). Estimation of N and P Loads Coming from Distributed Sources to Water Sources in Case of Limited Data: Example of Çoruh Basin. Thesis, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.
• US Dept of State Geographer (2020). Google Image Landsat/Copernicus, Data SIO, NOAA. US Navy, NGA GEBCO