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Ultrasonik Akış Ölçümünde Sıcaklık Etkisinin İncelenmesi ve Kompenzasyonu

Year 2022, Issue: 37, 113 - 118, 15.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1136816

Abstract

Bu makale, elektronik akış ölçüm cihazları için ultrasonik piezoelektrik dönüştürücüler üzerindeki sıcaklık etkilerinin bir
değerlendirmesini sunar. Dönüştürücüler, çift yönlü özelliklerinden dolayı elektrik sinyallerine karşı ultrasonik dalga ve ultrasonik dalgalara karşı elektrik sinyalleri üretir. Fiziksel ortamın sıcaklık dinamiği, ultrasonik dönüştürücülerin elektrik dinamiklerini etkileyen en önemli parametrelerden biridir. Sıcaklık değişimi kaynaklı yanlış sensör okumaları, farklı sıcaklıklar için akış ölçüm işlemi sırasında kalibrasyon hatalarına neden olur. Bu nedenle, dönüştürücü özellikleri üzerindeki sıcaklık etkilerini belirlemek ve genelleştirilmiş bir çözüm oluşturmak için bir test prosedürü ve veri toplama süreci geliştirilmiştir. Başlangıçta, bir akış ölçer gövdesi üzerinde karşılıklı olarak iki özdeş dönüştürücü konumlandırılmıştır. İkinci olarak, gövdeler, farklı akışlar için sinyal ölçümleri almak üzere bir test masasına yerleştirilmiştir. Ultrasonik sinyal ölçümlerini toplamak için bir kablosuz iletişim veri toplama kartı kullanılmıştır. Test işlemi 5 farklı sıcaklık ve 13 debi için tekrarlanmıştır. Veri toplama sonucu elde edilen veri seti MATLAB ortamında değerlendirilip, çalışma koşulları belirlenmiştir ve makine öğrenmesi algoritmalarına dayalı bir sıcaklık etkisi
kompenzasyon modeli önerilmiştir. Bu yöntem, dönüştürücü elemanlarının zaman ekseni bilgilerini dikkate almaktadır. Gerçek akış hızını tahmin etmek için her deney sıcaklık değeri ve Uçuş Süresi (TOF) sinyallerinin ortalama değerleri dikkate alınmaktadır. Böylece, sıcaklık değişimi ve akış ölçümü arasındaki ilişkiyi oluşturmak için makine öğrenmesi algoritmalarından doğrusal regresyon, destek vektör regresyonu (SVR), Gaussian süreç regresyonu (GPR) ve yapay sinir ağları (YSA) kullanılmıştır. Önerilen modelin kompenzasyon performansı 𝑅2, ortalama kare-kök hata (𝑅𝑀𝑆𝐸), ortalama mutlak hata (𝑀𝐴𝐸) ve ortalama kare hata (𝑀𝑆𝐸), gibi hata metriklerinin hesaplanması ile incelenmiştir. Sonuçlara göre, YSA tabanlı kompenzasyon algoritmasının 𝑅2 = 0.95 metriği ile en iyi sonucu verdiği görülmüştür.

Supporting Institution

BAYLAN Su Sayaçları

References

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  • Zibitsker, A., Berreby, M., Michaels, D., Shilav, R., & Frisman, I. (2021). Ultrasonic Temperature Compensating Method for Tracking Decomposition Front in Silica Phenolic Thermal Protection Material. Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, 35(4), 770 787.
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  • Jaffe, H., & Berlincourt, D. A. (1965). Piezoele ctric transducer materials. Proceedings of the IEEE, 53(10), 1372 1386.
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Evaluation and Compensation of Temperature Effects on Ultrasonic Flow Measurement

Year 2022, Issue: 37, 113 - 118, 15.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1136816

Abstract

This paper presents an evaluation of temperature effects on ultrasonic piezoelectric transducers for electronic flow measurement devices. Transducers generates ultrasonic wave against electrical signals and electrical signals against ultrasonic waves due to their bidirectional characteristics. Temperature dynamics of the physical environment is one of the most crucial parameters which affects the electrical dynamics of the ultrasonic transducers. Due to the temperature related false sensor readings, flow measurement process for different temperature causes calibration errors. In order to identify the temperature effects on transducers characteristics and constitute a generalized solution, a test procedure and data collection process are developed. Initially, two identical transducers are located reciprocally on a flow meter body. Secondly, bodies are located on a test bench to get signal measurements for different flows. A wireless communication data acquisition card is employed to collect ultrasonic signal measurements. Test procedure is repeated for 5 different temperatures and 13 flow rates. The created dataset is evaluated and visualized in MATLAB environment. A temperature effect compensation process, which is based on machine learning algorithms, is proposed. This method considers time domain information of transducer elements. Experiment temperature value and average values of Time of Flight (TOF) signals for each
transducers are considered to predict actual flow velocity. In this manner, machine learning algorithms linear regression, support vector regression (SVR), Gaussian process regression (GPR) and artificial neural networks (ANN) are employed to construct the relation between temperature variation and flow measurement. Compensation performance is investigated by considering the 𝑅2, root mean square error ( 𝑅𝑀𝑆𝐸), mean absolute error 𝑀𝐴𝐸) and mean square error ( 𝑀𝑆𝐸) model evaluation metrics. According to the results, neural network based compensation algorithm gives the best result with 𝑅2=0.95

References

  • Sorvoja, H., Kokko, V. M., Myllyla, R., & Miettinen, J. (2005). Use of EMFi as a blood pressure pulse transducer. IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement, 54(6), 2505 2512.
  • Mehta, Y., Bhargav, V., & Kumar, R. (2022). Characterization and Control of High Temperature Impinging Jet Issued from a Mach 4 Rocket Nozzle. In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum (p. 0124).
  • Fang, L., Ma, X., Zhao, J., Faraj, Y., Wei, Z., & Zhu, Y. (2022). Development of a high precision and wide range ultrasonic water meter. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 102118.
  • Rudnicki, T. (2020). Measurement of the PMSM Current with a Current Transducer with DSP and FPGA. Energies, 13(1), 209.
  • Balasubramanian, A. B., Sastry, K. V ., Magee, D. P., & Taylor, D. G. (2022). Transmitter and Receiver Enhancements for Ultrasonic Distance Sensing Systems. IEEE Sensors Journal.
  • Yao, S., Yang, M., Zhang, P., Zhang, K., Fang, J., Huang, J., ... & Zhao, Y. (2021). A Small Diameter Ultrasonic W ater Meter With Self Diagnosis Function and Self Adaptive Technology. IEEE Access, 9, 80703 80715.
  • Chen, D., Cao, H., & Cui, B. (2021). Study on flow field and measurement characteristics of a small bore ultrasonic gas flow meter. Measurement and Control, 54(5 6), 554 564.
  • MacAskill, W., Hoffman, B., Johnson, M. A., Sharpe, G. R., & Mills, D. E. (2021). Pressure measurement characteristics of a micro‐transducer and balloon catheters. Physiological Reports, 9(8), e14831.
  • Zibitsker, A., Berreby, M., Michaels, D., Shilav, R., & Frisman, I. (2021). Ultrasonic Temperature Compensating Method for Tracking Decomposition Front in Silica Phenolic Thermal Protection Material. Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, 35(4), 770 787.
  • Huang, Y. S., & Young, M. S. (200 9). An accurate ultrasonic distance measurement system with self temperature compensation. Instrumentation Science and Technology, 37(1), 124 133.
  • Wang, Y. X., Li, Z. H., & Zhang, T. H. (2010, October). Research of ultrasonic flow measurement and temperatu re compensation system based on neural network. In 2010 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computational Intelligence (Vol. 1, pp. 268 271). IEEE.
  • Harley, J. B., & Moura, J. M. (2012). Scale transform signal processing for optimal ultr asonic temperature compensation. IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control, 59(10), 2226 2236.
  • Jia, Y., Wu, T., Dou, P., & Yu, M. (2021). Temperature compensation strategy for ultrasonic based measurement of oil film thickness . Wear, 476,
  • Huang, J., Cegla, F., Wickenden, A., & Coomber, M. (2021). Simultaneous measurements of temperature and viscosity for viscous fluids using an ultrasonic waveguide. Sensors, 21(16), 5543.
  • Jaffe, H., & Berlincourt, D. A. (1965). Piezoele ctric transducer materials. Proceedings of the IEEE, 53(10), 1372 1386.
  • Weisberg, S. (2005). Applied linear regression (Vol. 528). John Wiley & Sons.
  • Awad, M., & Khanna, R. (2015). Support vector regression. In Efficient learning machines (pp. 67 80). Apre ss, Berkeley, CA.
  • Wilson, A. G., Knowles, D. A., & Ghahramani, Z. (2011). Gaussian process regression networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1110.4411.
  • Eskov, V. M., Pyatin, V. F., Eskov, V. V., & Ilyashenko, L. K. (2019). The heuristic work of the brain and artif icial neural networks. Biophysics, 64(2), 293 299.
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Alkım Gökçen 0000-0002-8131-388X

Bahadır Yeşil 0000-0002-9622-2593

Early Pub Date June 30, 2022
Publication Date July 15, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Issue: 37

Cite

APA Gökçen, A., & Yeşil, B. (2022). Evaluation and Compensation of Temperature Effects on Ultrasonic Flow Measurement. Avrupa Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi(37), 113-118. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1136816