Kurumsal Sürdürülebilir Gelişim ve Performans Açısından İşyeri-İş Güvenliğinin Önemi

Year 2022, Issue: 42, 88 - 99, 31.10.2022

Ayşenur Erdil

https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1187860

Abstract

Artan rekabet şartlarında ve tüketime hızlı yanıt verebilmek ve işletmelerin üretim süreçlerinin sürdürülebilirliğini sağlamak için iş sağlığı ve güvenliğinin önemi artmıştır. İş kazaları ve meslek hastalıklarının sebep olduğu verimlilik ve işletmelerin vizyon kayıplarının yanı sıra maddi ve manevi kayıpları, olumsuzlukları da dikkate alarak işyerlerinde sağlık ve güvenlik alanında önlem almak ve iyileştirmeler, geliştirmeler yapmak çalışanlara, işverenlere ve ülke ekonomisine önemli kazanımlar sağlayacaktır. Yapılan araştırmalara göre iş kazaları, çalışanlarla ilgili sebeplerin yanı sıra fiziksel ve mekanik çevre koşullarına bağlı faktörlerden de kaynaklanabilmektedir. Özellikle az gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde sanayi ve teknoloji endüstrisinin yapısı, inşaat, madencilik ve ulaşım sektörlerindeki iş yapısına ait özellikleri, eğitim almamış ve vasıfsız sanayi çalışanları, ileri teknolojiye uyum sağlamadaki eksiklikler, teknolojiye adapte olamama, çevre kirliliği, üretim organizasyon yapısı gibi durumlar, kişisel koruyucu ekipman ve makine koruyucu kullanmamak iş kazalarına neden olabilir. Bu durumlar iş kazalarının meydana gelmesinde önemli yere sahiptir. Çalışma kapsamında genel anlamda iş kazalarının nedenleri arasında yer alan işletme çalışma saatlerine yönelik sistemi, ergonomik koşulları içeren yapı ve işletme, çalışma ortamına ait fiziksel koşulları ve faktörleri hakkında araştırma yapılmıştır. Beyaz Eşya Sektöründe üretici olan bir işletmede iş güvenliğini ve operasyonel verimliliği sağlamak için 5S ve Toplam üretken bakım uygulama örneği sunulmuştur. Uygulama sonucunda işletmede iş ve işletme verimliliği yönünde bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır.

Keywords

Kurumsal Performans-Verimlilik, İşyeri-İş Güvenliği, Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma.

The Importance of Workplace- Occupational Safety in the Perspective of Enterprise Sustainable Development and Performance

Abstract

Workplace- Occupational health and safety has grown more vital in order to safeguard the sustainability of firms' manufacturing operations in order to adapt to competitive pressures circumstances and quick consumption. Recognizing the destruction of productivity and image, as well as the money and spiritual expenses due to workplace fatalities and occupational diseases, implementing measures and improving workplace health and protection would bring major benefits to individuals, businesses, and the country 's business. Unsafe conditions, depending to studies, may be influenced through variables such as physical and technological environmental circumstances, as well as personnel characteristics. Conditions including the framework of the technology and manufacturing industry, the specifics of mining, development, and transportation lines of enterprise, ignorant and underqualified manufacturing workers, incapacity to adjust to technological advancements, environmental degradation, production organization layout, and the failure to use individual protective equipment and equipment guardians could all lead to occupational fatalities, particularly in underdeveloped and emerging nations.. These circumstances are significant in the likelihood of workplace accidents. Throughout the scope of this research, investigation is performed on the workspace functioning system, ergonomically design, and occupational physiological variables, which are considered the drivers of occupational disasters in generally. A continuous improvement, Total Abilities and Accomplishment (5S and Total Productive Maintenance) Implementation is provided to enhance occupational security and functional productivity in a business that manufactures white appliances. As a consequence of the specific application, an assessment was carried out in the perspective of worker productivity and commercial performance of the operations.

Keywords

Enterprise Performance-Efficiency, Workplace-Occupational Safety, Sustainable Development.

References

• Amponsah-Tawiah, K. (2013). Occupational Health and Safety and Sustainable Development in Ghana. International Journal of Business Administration, 4(2), 74-78, doi:10.5430/ijba.v4n2p74.
• Behm, M. (2005). Linking construction fatalities to the design for construction safety concept. Safety Science, 43(8), 589–611. doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2005.04.002
• BHPbilliton (2005), Health, safety, environment and community management standards: BHP Billiton HSEC management standards, no. 3, 1-8. https://www.bhp.com/-/media/bhp/regulatory-information-media/coal/bhp-billiton-mitsubishi-alliance/caval-ridge/environmental-impact-statement-eis-appendices/creisappr3hsecmanagement.pdf
• Bonafede, M., Corfiati, M., Gagliardi, D., Boccuni, F., Ronchetti, M., Valenti, A., … Iavicoli, S. (2016). OHS management and employers’ perception: differences by firm size in a large Italian company survey. Safety Science, 89, 11–18. doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2016.05.012.
• Bozkurt, O. (2013). Uçuş Hattı Seviyesi Bakım İşlemlerinde Toplam Verimli Bakım Sisteminin Uygulanabilirliği. Endüstri Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek lisans tezi, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 98 p.
• Çavuşoğlu, M. (2008). Toplam Verimli Bakım Uygulamalarının Ekipman Performansına Etkilerinin İncelenmesi ve Özel Sektörde Bir Uygulama. Yüksek lisans tezi, Savunma Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Malzeme Tedarik ve Lojistik Yönetimi Ana Bilim Dalı. Ankara: Kara Harp Okulu, 234 p.
• Çakıroğlu, N. (2007). İş sağlığı ve Güvenliği Yönetim Sistemi Kapsamında Risk Analizi Denetim ve Bir Firma Uygulaması, Yüksek lisans tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 161 p.
• Earn The Art & Science of Manufacturing Improvement From Vorne, https://www.leanproduction.com/5s/ (Access Date: 10.05.2022).
• Elvan, F. (2012). Türkiye'de Başarılı Toplam Verimli Bakım Uygulaması Yapan Seçilmiş Kuruluşların Kıyaslanması. Yüksek lisans tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Makine Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı. Kayseri, Erciyes Üniversitesi, 176 p.
• Everly, G. S., Jr., (1986). An introduction to occupational health psychology, P. A. Keller & L. G. Ritt (Eds.), Innovations in clinical practice: A source book, p.5, (1986), 331-338, Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Exchange.
• Eşit, C.(1998). 5S-Endüstriyel Temizlik ve Düzen, Yayınlanmamış Seminer Notları, (1998).
• European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (2007), Facts 76/EN National economics and occupational safety and health. Bilbao, Spain: European Agency for Safety and Health at Work. https://european-union.europa.eu/institutions-law-budget/institutions-and-bodies/institutions-and-bodies- profiles/eu-osha_en.
• Frijters, A. C. P. and Swuste, P. H. J. J. (2008). Safety assessment in design and preparation phase. Safety Science, 46(2), 272–281. doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2007.06.032.
• Gallagher, C., Underhill, E. and Rimmer, M. (2001).Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems: A Review of their Effectiveness in Securing Healthy and Safe Workplaces. National Occupational Health and Safety Commission Sydney, 1-82. https://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/system/files/documents/1702/ohsmanagementsystems_reviewofeffectiveness_nohsc_2001_archivepdf. pdf).
• Gambatese J. and Hinze J., (1999). Addressing construction worker safety in the design phase: Designing for construction worker safety. Automation in Construction, 8(6), 643-649, doi:10.1016/s0926-5805(98)00109-5.
• Gambatese, J.A, Behm, M. and Rajendran, S. (2008). Design’s role in construction accident causality and prevention: Perspectives from an expert panel. Safety Science, 46(4), 675-691. doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2007.06.010.
• Genç, A. (2007). Toplam Verimli Bakım ve Uygulaması.Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Makine Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı. Kayseri: Erciyes Üniversitesi, 147 p.
• Güray, B. Z. (2003). 5S Yaklaşımı ve Bir İşletmede İncelenmesi, Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi, Endüstri Mühendisliği Bölümü, Yayınlanmamış Bitirme Tezi.
• Gürlesel, C. F.(2007).Tekstil sektörü için dönüşüm stratejileri. http://www.tekstilisveren.org/index2. Access Date: 12.07.2015.
• Güven, K. (2006). Periyodik Bakım Yapan Tekstil işletmesinde Bilgisayar Destekli Toplam Verimli Bakıma Geçiş (TVB) ve Kaliteye Etkisi. Yüksek Lisans tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Makine Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı. Kayseri: Erciyes Üniversitesi, 229 p.
• Haslam, C., O’Hara, J., Kazi, A., Twumasi, R. and Haslam, R. (2016). Proactive occupational safety and health management: Promoting good health and good business. Safety Science, 81, 99–108. doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2015.06.010.
• Hasle, P., Kvorning, L. V., Rasmussen, C. D. N., Smith, L. H. and Flyvholm, M.-A. (2012). A Model for Design of Tailored Working Environment Intervention Programmes for Small Enterprises. Safety and Health at Work, 3(3), 181–191. doi:10.5491/shaw.2012.3.3.181.
• Hasle, P. and Limborg, H. J. (2006). A Review of the Literature on Preventive Occupational Health and Safety Activities in Small Enterprises. Industrial Health, 44(1), 6–12. doi:10.2486/indhealth.44.6.
• Hiyoruki, H. (1995). 5S for Operators: 5 Pillars Of The Visual Workplace, The productivity press development team, Productivity Press, 1st Edition, 136 p. Ho, S. K. M. (1999). 5-S practice: The first step towards total quality management. Total Quality Management, 10(3), 345–356. doi:10.1080/0954412997875.
• Hudson, P. (2000). Safety Management and Safety Culture the Long, Hard and Winding Road. Proceedings of the First National Conference. July., University of Western Sydney, Australia.
• Implementing 5S Methodology: The First Step Toward Workplace Efficiency, https://www.simplilearn.com/implementing-5s-methodology-to-achieve-workplace-efficiency-article, (Access Date: 10.05.2022).
• International Organization for Standardization (ISO). https://www.iso.org/standard/63787.html (Access Date: 27.02.2019).
• Jilcha, K. and Kitaw, D. (2017). Industrial occupational safety and health innovation for sustainable development. Engineering Science and Technology, An International Journal, 20(1), 372–380. doi:10.1016/j.jestch.2016.10.011.
• Judith, H. (2013), A guide to health and safety regulation in Great Britain, http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/hse49.pdf, s.1-26 (Access Date: 10.06.2022).
• King, A.A., Lenox, M.J. and Terlaak, A. (2005). The strategic use of decentralized institutions, exploring certification with the ISO 14001 management standard. Academy of Management Journal, 48, 1091–1106. doi:10.2307/20159731.
• Li, Y. and Guldenmund, F. W. (2018). Safety management systems: A broad overview of the literature. Safety Science, 103, 94–123. doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2017.11.016.
• Mohandes, S. R. and Zhang, X. (2021). Developing a Holistic Occupational Health and Safety risk assessment model: An application to a case of sustainable construction project. Journal of Cleaner Production, 291, 125934. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.125934.
• Molamohamadi, Z. and Ismail, N. (2014). The relationship between occupational safety, health, and environment, and sustainable development: A review and critique. International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, 5(3), 198-202. https://www.doi.org/10.7763/IJIMT.2014.V5.513.
• Mutlu, N. G. and Altuntas, S. (2019). Risk analysis for occupational safety and health in the textile industry: Integration of FMEA, FTA, and BIFPET methods. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 72, 222–240. doi:10.1016/j.ergon.2019.05.013.
• Nawaz, W., Linke, P. and Koҫ, M. (2019). Safety and Sustainability Nexus: A Review and Appraisal. Journal of Cleaner Production, 216, 74-87, doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.167.
• Pinto, A. (2014). QRAM a Qualitative Occupational Safety Risk Assessment Model for the construction industry that incorporate uncertainties by the use of fuzzy sets. Safety Science, 63, 57–76. doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2013.10.019.
• Rabinowitz, Randy S. and Hager, Mark M.( 2000). Designing Health and Safety: Workplace Hazard Regulation in the United States and Canada , Cornell International Law Journal,33(2), 374-734, https://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/cilj/vol33/iss2/3.
• Ramos, D. G., Arezes, P. M. and Afonso, P. (2017). Analysis of the return on preventive measures in musculoskeletal disorders through the benefit–cost ratio: A case study in a hospital. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 60, 14–25. doi:10.1016/j.ergon.2015.11. 003.
• Robson, L. S., Clarke, J. A., Cullen, K., Bielecky, A., Severin, C., Bigelow, P. L., … Mahood, Q. (2007). The effectiveness of occupational health and safety management system interventions: A systematic review. Safety Science, 45(3), 329–353. doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2006.07.003.
• Robson, L. S., Stephenson, C. M., Schulte, P. A., Amick, B. C. I., Irvin, E. L., Eggerth, D. E., … Grubb, P. L. (2012). A systematic review of the effectiveness of occupational health and safety training. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 38(3), 193–208. doi:10.5271/sjweh.3259.
• Rocha, R. S. (2010). Institutional effects on occupational health and safety management systems. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries, 20(3), 211–225. doi:10.1002/hfm.20176.
• Rodriguez Guzman J. (2018). Occupational health in the Americas. http://icoh. confex.com/icoh/2012/webprogram/Paper8267.html, Access Date: 11.09.2018.
• Szymberski, R. (1997). Construction Project Safety Planning. TAPPI Journal, 80(11), 69-74.
• Torrecilla-García, J. A., Pardo-Ferreira, M. del C., Rubio-Romero, J. C., Calero-Castro, S. J. and Nebro-Mellado, J. J. (2021). Assessment of research, development and innovation in occupational health and safety in Spain. Safety Science, 141, 105321. 1-7, doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105321.
• Von Thiele Schwarz, U., Hasson, H. and Tafvelin, S. (2016). Leadership training as an occupational health intervention: Improved safety and sustained productivity. Safety Science, 81, 35–45. doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2015.07.020.
• Weinstein, M., Gambatese, J., & Hecker, S. (2005). Can Design Improve Construction Safety?: Assessing the Impact of a Collaborative Safety-in-Design Process. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 131(10), 1125–1134. doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9364(2005)131:10(1125).
• What is 5S?, https://www.5stoday.com/what-is-5s/ (Access Date: 10.05.2022).
• WHO (1994). Global strategy on occupational health for all: the way to health at work. Recommendation of the second meeting of the WHO Collaborating Centres in Occupational Health, Beijing, China, http://www.who.int/ occupational_health/globstrategy/en/
• WHO (2012). Health indicators of sustainable jobs, presented at Initial findings from a WHO Expert Consultation, 17–18, 2012. https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/environment- climate-change-and-health/sustainable-development-indicator-jobs.pdf?sfvrsn=e40fc22c_2 (Access Date: 10.05.2022).