Konutsal Yüklerin Parametre ve Güç Tüketimi Tahmini

Year 2022, Issue: 42, 26 - 39, 31.10.2022

Ramazan Bayram , Selcuk Emiroglu

https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1189150

Abstract

Teknolojinin gelişmesiyle birlikte elektriksel cihazların davranışları da değişmiştir. Bu durum, yük modelinin geliştirilmesini ve cihazların doğru bir şekilde tanımlanmasının gerekli olduğunu açıkça ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışma akkor lamba, Işık Yayan Diyot (LED) lamba, Sıvı Kristal Monitör (LCD) ve elektrik süpürgesi gibi konutsal yüklerin yük modelinin geliştirilmesini, polinomsal yük modeli ve üstel yük modeli katsayılarını deneysel olarak belirlenmesini sunmaktadır. Ölçüm parametreleri, kullanımı kolay ve ekonomik olduğu için PZEM-004T modülü kullanılarak Arduino Uno ile Excel’e aktarılıp Matlab’de bu yük modellerinin katsayıları ve gerilim azaltma oranı hesaplanmıştır. Konutsal yüklerin polinomsal ve üstel yük modeli parametreleri en küçük kareler ve iç nokta yöntemi kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca ZIP yük modeli parametreleri kullanılarak üstel yük modeli parametrelerinin elde edilmesi gösterilmiştir. Akkor lamba ve elektrikli süpürge için bulunan katsayılar ile elde edilen ZIP ve üstel yük modeli gerçek yük modeline çok yakın olduğu ölçümler sayesinde görülmüştür. LED lamba için elde edilen ZIP ve üstel yük modeli ise nominal gerilim etrafında gerçek güç değerlerine yakın sonuç vermektedir. Konutsal yüklerin ZIP yük modeli katsayılarına dayalı tahmini güç tüketimi elde edilerek ölçülen gerçek güç tüketimi ile karşılaştırılmıştır.

Keywords

Statik Yük Modeli, Polinomsal Yük Modeli, Üstel Yük Modeli, CVR Faktörü, Tahmini Güç Tüketim

Parameter and Power Consumption Estimation of Residental Loads

Abstract

With the development of technology, the behavior of electrical devices has also changed. This makes it clear that the development of the load model and the correct identification of the devices are necessary. This study presents the development of the load model of residential loads such as incandescent lamp, Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamp, Liquid Crystal Monitor (LCD) and vacuum cleaner, and experimentally determining the coefficients of the polynomial load model and the exponential load model. Since the measurement parameters are easy to use and economical, PZEM-004T module was transferred to Excel with Arduino Uno and the coefficients and voltage reduction ratio of these load models were calculated in Matlab. It has been determined that both load models are suitable for the incandescent lamp and the vacuum cleaner. Estimated power consumption based on polynomial load model coefficients and actual power consumption results are obtained. According to these results, the estimated power in the incandescent lamp and vacuum cleaner is below the actual power; In the LED lamp and LCD monitor, the estimated power was found to be above the actual power.

Keywords

Static Load Model, Polynomial Load Model, Exponential Load Model, CVR Factor, Estimated Power Consumption.

References

• Quilumba, F. L., Lee, W. J., Huang, H., Wang, D. Y., & Szabados, R. L. (2011). Load model development for next generation appliances. Conference Record - IAS Annual Meeting (IEEE Industry Applications Society). https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2011.6074402
• Zhao, B., Tang, Y., Zhang, W. C., & Wang, Q. (2010). Modeling of common load components in power system based on dynamic simulation experiments. 2010 International Conference on Power System Technology: Technological Innovations Making Power Grid Smarter, POWERCON2010. https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERCON.2010.5666712
• Schneider, K. P., & Fuller, J. C. (2010). Detailed end use load modeling for distribution system analysis. IEEE PES General Meeting, PES 2010. https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2010.5588151
• Duan, J., Czarkowski, D., Zabar, Z., & Lee, S. (2007). Characteristics of modern nonlinear loads and their influence on systems with distributed generation. Int. J. Energy Technology and Policy, 5(2), 219–240.
• Patton, J. B., & Ilic, J. (1993). Identification of static distribution load parameters using general regression neural networks. Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2, 1023–1026. https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSCAS.1993.343245
• Yiğit, E., Özkaya, U., Öztürk, Ş., Singh, D., & Gritli, H. (2021). Automatic detection of power quality disturbance using convolutional neural network structure with gated recurrent unit. Mobile Information Systems, 2021
• McKeever, J. W., Lawler, J., Downing, M., Stahlhut, R. D., Bremmer, R., Shoemaker, J. M., Seksarian, A. K., Poore, B., & Lutz, J. F. (1982). Electric energy systems theory: an introduction. https://doi.org/10.2172/974598
• Metalografi - A. Emel Geçkinli - Google Kitaplar. (n.d.). Retrieved October 14, 2022, from https://books.google.com.tr/books/about/Metalografi.html?id=2V8kPwAACAAJ&redir_esc=y
• Arif, A., Wang, Z., Wang, J., Mather, B., Bashualdo, H., & Zhao, D. (2018). Load modeling - A review. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 9(6), 5986–5999. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2017.2700436
• Quilumba, F. L., Lee, W. J., & Játiva-Ibarra, J. (2013). Load models for flat panel TVs. Conference Record - IAS Annual Meeting (IEEE Industry Applications Society). https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2013.668258
• Hatipoglu, K., Fidan, I., & Radman, G. (2012). Investigating effect of voltage changes on static ZIP load model in a microgrid environment. 2012 North American Power Symposium, NAPS 2012. https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2012.6336407
• Collin, A. J., Tsagarakis, G., Kiprakis, A. E., & McLaughlin, S. (2014). Development of low-voltage load models for the residential load sector. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 29(5), 2180–2188. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2014.2301949
• Milanović, J. V., Yamashita, K., Martínez Villanueva, S., Djokić, S. Ž., & Korunović, L. M. (2013). International industry practice on power system load modeling. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 28(3), 3038–3046. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2012.2231969
• Lamberti, F., Dong, C., Calderaro, V., & Ochoa, L. F. (2013). Estimating the load response to voltage changes at UK primary substations. 2013 4th IEEE/PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe, ISGT Europe 2013. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2013.6695466
• Tesfasilassie, M., Zarghami, M., Vaziri, M., & Rahimi, A. (2014). An estimative approach for CVR effectiveness using aggregated load modeling. 2014 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference, ISGT 2014. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT.2014.6816382
• Hossan, M. S., Maruf, H. M. M., & Chowdhury, B. (2018). Comparison of the ZIP load model and the exponential load model for CVR factor evaluation. IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2018-January, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2017.8274490
• Gutierrez-Lagos, L., & Ochoa, L. F. (2020). On the Inadequacy of the CVR Factor for Active Schemes. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 35(3), 1592–1595. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2019.2944750
• Emiroğlu, S. (2017). Dağıtık üretimli elektrik enerji sistemlerinde gerilim azaltım yöntemi ile enerji optimizasyonu. https://acikerisim.sakarya.edu.tr/handle/20.500.12619/76382
• Test varyak - Regülatörler, Varyak, Transformatörler. (n.d.). Retrieved October 14, 2022, from https://www.guvenisregulator.com.tr/p88-test-varyak
• Kumar, T. A., & Ajitha, A. (2018). Development of IOT based solution for monitoring and controlling of distribution transformers. 2017 International Conference on Intelligent Computing, Instrumentation and Control Technologies, ICICICT 2017, 2018-January, 1457–1461. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICICICT1.2017.8342784
• pr_01_2173.jpg (817×570). (n.d.). Retrieved October 14, 2022, from https://st2.myideasoft.com/shop/dr/21/myassets/products/173/pr_01_2173.jpg?revision=1445079759
• PZEM-004T V3 Module | Arduino & NodeMCU Code, Circuit, Pinout And Library. (n.d.). Retrieved October 14, 2022, from https://innovatorsguru.com/pzem-004t-v3/
• PZEM-004T-3-0-TTL-Modbus-Electric-Kwh-Energy-Meter-Wattmeter-Voltmeter-Ammeter-Volt-Amp-Power.png (800×800). (n.d.). Retrieved October 14, 2022, from https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/Hdf071eab2aa5439e9c31fa0ef40acdb4W/PZEM-004T-3-0-TTL-Modbus-Electric-Kwh-Energy-Meter-Wattmeter-Voltmeter-Ammeter-Volt-Amp-Power.png
• Regresyon, A., Kullanilan, E. N., Küçük, K., Ve, E. N., Küçük, M., Kareler, Y., Karşilaştirilmasi, Ö., Gürünlü, A., Vupa Dokuz, Ö., Üniversitesi, E., Fakültesi, F.-E., & Bölümü, İ. (2008). SDÜ FEN EDEBİYAT FAKÜLTESİ FEN DERGİSİ (E-DERGİ). 3(2), 219–229.
• Sadeghi, M., & Abdollahi Sarvi, G. (2009). Determination of ZIP parameters with least squares optimization method. 2009 IEEE Electrical Power and Energy Conference, EPEC 2009. https://doi.org/10.1109/EPEC.2009.5420883
• Carneiro, A. S., Araujo, L. F., Pereira, J. L. R., Garcia, P. A. N., Melo, I. D., & Amaral, M. B. (2017). Static load modeling based on field measurements. 2017 IEEE Manchester PowerTech, Powertech 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.2017.7981230
• Find minimum of constrained nonlinear multivariable function - MATLAB fmincon. (n.d.). Retrieved October 14, 2022, from https://www.mathworks.com/help/optim/ug/fmincon.html#d124e94060
• An, K., Liu, H. J., Zhu, H., Dong, Z. Y., & Hur, K. (2016). Evaluation of Conservation Voltage Reduction with Analytic Hierarchy Process: A Decision Support Framework in Grid Operations Planning. Energies 2016, Vol. 9, Page 1074, 9(12), 1074. https://doi.org/10.3390/EN9121074
• Alkrch, M. (2020). LED ZIP Model Development. Dissertations and Student Research: Architectural Engineering. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/archengdiss/64
• What is Data Streamer? (n.d.). Retrieved October 14, 2022, from https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/what-is-data-streamer-1d52ffce-261c-4d7b-8017-89e8ee2b806f