Retraction: A Study on Vaccine Literacy and Hesitance Reflected on Life in the Covid-19 Pandemic, Vaccine Rejection and Anti-Vaccine Opposition

Year 2024, Issue: 53, 193 - 194, 15.02.2024

Gulsah Kınalı , Betül Kübra Örgev , Cemil Örgev , Bayram Topal , Hasan Şahin

This is a retraction to: Aşı Okuryazarlığı ve Covid-19 Pandemisinde Yaşama Yansıyan Tereddüt, Aşı reddi ve Aşı karşıtlığı Üzerine Bir Araştırma https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ejosat/issue/71415/1146670

Retraction Note

Gülşah Kınalı's name was added inadvertently due to the disruption in the work carried out within the scope of the submission and publication of the article; It was removed with the request of Gülşah Kınalı and the approval of the journal board, and the article was removed from publication with the approval of all authors and a retraction article was published.

Abstract

In this study, it was aimed to determine the Vaccine Literacy Level of Academic Staff working in both Public and Foundation Universities in Turkey and to determine their relationship with their demographic characteristics. In addition, examining the Covid-19 epidemic and the hesitation, vaccine rejection and opposition to the vaccine, which is reflected in the life about the vaccine, which is our most important weapon against this epidemic; It is aimed to make suggestions that will contribute to the reduction of false, biased and unconscious rumors and hesitation perceptions In the study, an online survey was conducted with 448 academicians. Y generation constitutes 58.5% of the participants and X generation constitutes 35%. A high score obtained in the scale consisting of two sub-dimensions, functional skills and communicative/critical skills, indicates a high level of COVID-19 vaccine literacy. No significant difference was found in the vaccine literacy relationship according to the demographic characteristics of the participants.

Keywords

COVID-19, Vaccination, Vaccine Literacy, Academic Staff, Vaccine Refusal, Vaccine Hesitatio.

Retraction: Aşı Okuryazarlığı ve Covid-19 Pandemisinde Yaşama Yansıyan Tereddüt, Aşı reddi ve Aşı karşıtlığı Üzerine Bir Araştırma

This is a retraction to: Aşı Okuryazarlığı ve Covid-19 Pandemisinde Yaşama Yansıyan Tereddüt, Aşı reddi ve Aşı karşıtlığı Üzerine Bir Araştırma https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ejosat/issue/71415/1146670

Retraction Note

Makalenin gönderimi ve yayını kapsamında yürütülen çalışmalardaki aksaklıktan kaynaklı, sehven eklenmiş olan Gülşah Kınalı'nın ismi; Gülşah Kınalı'nın talebi ve dergi kurulunun onayı ile kaldırılmış ve makale tüm yazarların onayı ile yayından kaldırılarak geri çekme makalesi yayınlanmıştır.

Abstract

Bu araştırma Türkiye’de gerek kamu gerekse vakıf üniversitelerinde görev yapan akademik personelin aşı okuryazarlığı seviyesini tespit etmek ve demografik özellikleri ile ilişkilerini belirlemeyi amaçlamıştır. Ayrıca, Covid-19 salgını ve bu salgına karşı en önemli araç olan aşı konusundaki yaşama yansıyan tereddüt, aşı reddi ve aşı karşıtlığı incelenmekte; yanlış, yanlı ve bilinçsiz söylenti ve tereddüt algılarının azaltılmasına katkı sağlayacak önerilerde bulunulması hedeflenmiştir. Çalışmada 448 akademisyen ile çevrimiçi anket yapılmıştır. Katılımcıların %58,5’ini Y kuşağı, %35’ini X kuşağı oluşturmaktadır. Fonksiyonel beceriler ve iletişimsel/eleştirel beceriler olmak üzere iki alt boyuttan oluşan ölçekte elde edilen yüksek puan Covid-19 aşı okuryazarlığının yüksek düzeyde olduğunu ifade etmektedir. Katılımcıların demografik özelliklerine göre aşı okuryazarlığı ilişkisinde anlamlı bir fark bulunamamıştır.

Keywords

COVID-19, Aşı, Aşı Okuryazarlığı, Akademik Personel, Aşı Reddi, Aşı Tereddüdü

References

• Biasio, L. R. (2017). Vaccine hesitancy and health literacy. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 13(3), 701-702.
• Biasio, L. R., Carducci, A., Fara, G. M., Giammanco G. & Lopalco, P. L.(2018). Health literacy, emotionality, scientific evidence: elements of an effective communication in public health. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 14(6), 1515-1516.
• Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2011). Sosyal Bilimler İçin Veri Analizi El Kitabı, 14. Baskı, Ankara, Türkiye: PEGEM Akademi.
• Castro-Sánchez, E., Chang, P. W., Vila-Candel, R., Escobedo A. A. & Holmes, A. H. (20169. Health literacy and infectious diseases: why does it matter?. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 43, 103-110.
• Demir, E., Saatçioğlu Ö. & İmrol, F. (2016). Uluslararası dergilerde yayımlanan eğitim araştırmalarının normallik varsayımları açısından incelenmesi. Current Research in Education, 2(3),130-148.
• Durmuş, A., Akbolat, M. & Amarat, M. (2021). COVID-19 aşı okuryazarlığı ölçeğinin Türkçe geçerlilik ve güvenirliliği. Cukurova Medical Journal, 46(2), 732-741.
• Geelen, E., Vliet, H. van, Hoogh, P. de & Horstman, K. (2016). Taming the fear of voice: Dilemmas in maintaining a high vaccination rate in the Netherlands. Social Science & Medicine, 153, 12-19.
• Hobson-West, P. (2003). Understanding vaccination resistance: moving beyond risk. Health, Risk & Society, 5(3), 273-283.
• Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J. & Anderson, R.E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis, 7th ed., New Jersey, USA: Prentice Hall.
• Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., Anderson, R.E. & Tatham, R.L. (2013). Multivariate Data Analysis, Boston, Pearson Education.
• Hak, E., Schönbeck, Y., Melker, H. De, Van Essen, G. A. & Sanders, E. A. (20059. Negative attitude of highly educated parents and health care workers towards future vaccinations in the Dutch childhood vaccination program. Vaccine, 23(24), 3103-3107.
• Jarrett, C., Wilson, R., O’Leary, M., Eckersberger, E. & Larson, H. J. (2015). Strategies for addressing vaccine hesitancy–A systematic review. Vaccine, 33(34), 4180-4190.
• Jamal, U. (2020). Why is Indonesia concerned about a halal COVID-19 vaccine?. ASEAN Today, 2020 28 October; Sect. COVID-19.
• Institute of Medicine of National Academy (IOM) (2004). Lynn Nielsen-Bohealth literacyman, Panzer AM, Kindig DA, Editors, Committee on Health Literacy, 97.
• Islam, M. S., Kamal, A. H. M., Kabir, A., Southern, D. L., Khan, S. H., Hasan, S. M.... & Seale, H. (2021). COVID-19 vaccine rumors and conspiracy theories: The need for cognitive inoculation against misinformation to improve vaccine adherence. PloS one, 16(5), e0251605.
• Karagöz, Y. (2014). SPSS 21.1 Uygulamalı Biyoistatistik, Ankara: Türkiye, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
• Van der Linden, S. L., Clarke, C. E. & Maibach, E. W. (2015). Highlighting consensus among medical scientists increases public support for vaccines: evidence from a randomized experiment. BMC Public Health, 15(1), 1-5.
• Nutbeam, D. (2000). Health literacy as a public health goal: a challenge for contemporary health education and communication strategies into the 21st century. Health Promotion International, 15(3), 259-267.
• Nature (2017). On The Wrong Side Of History, Nature Microbiology, pp.1-1, doi:10.1038/nmicrobiol.2017.46.
• Penders, B. (2017). Vaccines, science and trust. Nature Microbiology, 2(6), 1-1.
• Rowlands, G. (2014). Health literacy: ways to maximise the impact and effectiveness of vaccination information. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 10(7), 2130-2135.
• Funk, C., Rainie, L. & Page. D. (2020). Public and scientists’ views on science and society. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center [Online]. Available:http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/01/29/public-andscientists-views-on-science-and-society.
• Pelčić, G., Karačić, S., Mikirtichan, G. L., Kubar, O. I., Leavitt, F. J., Cheng- Tek Tai, M., Morishita, N., Vuletić, S. & Tomašević, L. (2016). Religious exception for vaccination or religious excuses for avoiding vaccination. Croatian Medical Journal, 57(5), 516–521.
• Plotkin, S., Gerber, J. S., & Offit, P. A. (2009). Vaccines and autism: a tale of shifting hypotheses. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 48(4), 456-461.
• Rochmyaningsih, D. (2018). Indonesian fatwa causes immunization rates to drop. Science, 628–629.
• Ratzan, S. C. (2001). Health literacy: communication for the public good. Health Promotion International, 16(2), 207-214.
• Ratzan, S. C. (2011). Vaccine literacy: a new shot for advancing health. Journal of Health Communication, 16(3), 227-229.
• Regione Veneto–Progetto. (2020). Indagine sui Determinanti del Rifiuto dell’Offerta Vaccinale nella Regione Veneto [Online]. Available: http://preven zione.ulss20.verona.it/iweb/1324/argomento.html.
• Rowlands, G., Khazaezadeh, N., Oteng-Ntim, E., Seed, P. Barr, S. & Weiss, B. D. (2013). Development and validation of a measure of health literacy in the UK: the newest vital sign. BMC Public Health, 13(1), 116-125.
• Jenner, R. S. E. (2005). The history of smallpox and vaccination. In Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 18(1), 21-25.
• Sørensen, K., Pelikan, J. M., Röthlin, F., Ganahl, K., Slonska, Z. Doyle, G.... & Brand, H. (2015). Health literacy in Europe: comparative results of the European health literacy survey (HLS-EU). European Journal of Public Health, 25(6),1053-1058.
• Ratzan S. C. & Parker, R. M. (2020). Vaccine literacy-helping everyone decide to accept vaccination. Journal of Health Communication, 25(10), 750-752.
• Riedel, S. (2005). Edward Jenner and the history of smallpox and vaccination. In Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, Taylor & Francis 18(1), 21-25.
• Shanmugaraj, B., Siriwattananon, K., Wangkanont, K. & Phoolcharoen, W. (2020). Perspectives on monoclonal antibody therapy as potential therapeutic intervention for Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Asian Pacific Journal of Allergy and Immunology, 38(1), 10-18.
• Smith, M. J. & Woods, C. R. (2010). On-time vaccine receipt in the first year does not adversely affect neuropsychological outcomes. Pediatrics, 125(6), 1134-1141
• T.C. Resmi Gazete, Beşeri Tıbbi Ürünler Ruhsatlandırma Yönetmeliği. Tarih:19/01/2005. Sayı: 25705, Başbakanlık Basımevi, Ankara.
• T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü Aşı Portalı, 2021.
• Türkiye Halk Sağlığı ve Kronik Hastalıklar Enstitüsü, Covid-19 Aşı Geliştirme Çalışmaları Raporu, 16 Ekim 2020.
• University of California. (2020). San Francisco Medical Center Patient Education, Evaluating Health Information [Online]. Available: https://www.ucsfhealth.org/education/evaluating_health_information/.
• White, S., Chen, J. & Atchison, R. (2008). Relationship of preventive health practices and health literacy: A national study. Am J Health Behav, 32(3), 227-242.
• World Health Organization Press Conference 2020. (2020, 3 May). The World Health Organization (WHO) Has Officially Named the Disease Caused by the Novel Coronavirus as COVID19 [Online]. Available:https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200312-sitrep-52-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=e2bfc9c0.
• Veldwijk, J., Heide, I. van der, Rademakers, J., Schuit, A. J., Wit, G. A. de, Uiters, E. & Lambooij, M. S. (2015). Preferences for vaccination: does health literacy make a difference?. Medical Decision Making, 35(8), 948-958.
• Zhou, Y., Yang, Y., Huang, J., Jiang, S. & Du, L.(2019). Advances in MERS-CoV vaccines and therapeutics based on the receptor-binding domain. Viruses, 11(60), 1-18.
• Epicentro. (2020, 10 May). Progetto HproImmune [Online]. Available: http://www.epi_centro.iss.it/temi/vaccinazioni/HProimmune_2014.asp.
• Çöl. M. (2020, 3 Mayıs). Aşılanmanın önemi ve aşı karşıtlığı [Çevrimiçi]. Erişim: http://hastane.ankara.edu.tr/2020/03/05/asilamanin-onemi-ve-asi-karsitligi/.
• MacDonald, N. E. (2015). Vaccine hesitancy: Definition, scope and determinants. Vaccine, 33(34), 4161-4164.
• Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Mikrobiyoloji. (2021, 3 Aralık). Covid-19 aşıları ve yan etkileri [Çevrimiçi]. Erişim: https://www.medicalpark.com.tr/covid-19/hg-2536.
• Erkekoğlu, P., Köse, S. B. E., Balcı, A., & Yirün, A. (2020). Aşı kararsızlığı ve COVID-19’un etkileri. Literatür Eczacılık Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(2), 208-220.