Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Rekreasyon Fayda Farkındalıkları ile Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 158 - 169, 30.09.2023

Yasin Ersöz , İrfan Yıldırım , Rabia Zeytun

https://doi.org/10.47778/ejsse.1322968

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Fiziksel aktivite düzeyi her yaştan bireyin sağlığına etki eden önemli bir faktördür ve rekreatif aktivitelerinden elde edilen faydalar ile ilgili farkındalık düzeyi aktivitelere katılım sıklığını artırabilir. Üniversite öğrenim sürecinin rekreatif aktivite fırsatları açısından zengin bir dönem olduğu düşünüldüğünde araştırmamız üniversite öğrencilerinin rekreasyon fayda farkındalığı ile fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi tespit etmeği amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmaya Türkiye’nin farklı bölgelerinde üniversitelerde öğrenim gören 541 kadın, 368 erkek toplam 909 üniversite öğrencisi katılmış ve Kişisel Bigi Formu, Rekreasyon Fayda Farkındalığı ve Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeyleri ölçeklerinden oluşan anket formu ile veriler elde edilmiştir. Sayısal değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiler Pearson korelasyon analizi ve iki grup arasında nicel değişkeninin ortalamaları arasında anlamlı bir fark olup olmadığını sınamak için bağımsız örneklemler t testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları katılımcıların rekreasyon fayda farkındalıkları ve fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri arasında pozitif ilişki olduğu göstermektedir. Ayrıca kadınların fiziksel ve psikolojik rekreasyon fayda farkındalıklarının, erkeklerin ise fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğunu görülmüştür. Katılımcılarından spor bilimleri alanında eğitim gören öğrencilerin psikolojik ve sosyal rekreasyon fayda farkındalıkları ile fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak üniversite öğrencilerinin rekreatif aktivitelerde fayda farkındalık algısının artması fiziksel aktivite düzeylerine olumlu katkı sağlamaktadır. Ayrıca cinsiyet ve eğitim alanı bazı fakörler ile ilişkili olarak rekreasyonel fayda farkındalığı alt boyutlarında değişkenlik göstermektedir.

Keywords

Fiziksel aktivite, Rekreasyon fayda, Farkındalık

Investigation of University Students' Recreation Benefit Awareness and Physical Activity Levels

Abstract

Physical activity level is an important factor that affects health of people of all ages and awareness level about the benefits obtained from recreational activities may increase the frequency of participation. The objective of the study is to review the correlation between university students’ recreation benefit awareness and their physical activity levels and to demonstrate whether or not there is a difference about this subject in terms of gender and faculty. A total of 909 university students 541 female students and 368 male students who studied at different universities in Turkey joined the study. Information Request Form, Leisure Benefit Scale and International Physical Activity Questionnaire were administered to the participants. The data obtained from the study were analyzed using Pearson Correlation Analysis and Independent Samples t Test. The study results indicate that there is a positive correlation between participants’ recreation benefit awareness and their physical activity levels. Besides, it is seen that female participants’ physical and psychological recreation benefit awareness was higher; however, as for the male participants their physical activity levels were higher. It was identified that of the participant students, those who studied on sports sciences had higher psychological and social recreation benefit awareness and physical activity levels. In light of the study findings, the fact that the university students’ benefit awareness perception on recreational activities had increased made a positive contribution to their physical activity levels and dimensions of recreation benefit awareness and as a result, physical activity levels differed in terms of gender and the type of the faculty.

Keywords

Physical activity, Recreation benefit awareness, University students

References

• Abelson, R. P., Kinder, D. R., Peters, M. D., & Fiske, S. T. (1982). Affective and semantic components in political person perception. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42(4), 619-630. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.42.4.619
• Ajzen, I., & Driver, B. L. (1991). Prediction of leisure participation from behavioral, normative, and control beliefs: An application of the theory of planned behavior. Leisure Sciences, 13(3), 185-204. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490409109513137
• Akgül, B. M., Ertüzün, E., & Karaküçük, S. (2018). Rekreasyon fayda ölçeği: Geçerlilik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 23(1), 25-34.
• Akyıldız-Durhan, T., Kayhalak, F., & Kurtipek, S. (2022). Rekreasyon farkındalığının rekreasyonel satın alma tarzları üzerine etkisi. Uluslararası Güncel Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(2), 460-477.
• Alpullu, A., & Demir, G. (2019). Investigation of the relationship between the leisure and stepping frequencies of the students receiving recreation education. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 7(2), 98-102. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v7i2.3767
• Ata, R. N., Ludden, A. B., & Lally, M. M. (2007). The effects of gender and family, friend, and media influences on eating behaviors and body image during adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 36, 1024-1037. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10964-006-9159-x
• Balish, S. M., Conacher, D., & Dithurbide, L. (2016). Sport and recreation are associated with happiness across countries. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 87(4), 382-388. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2016.1229863
• Barnett, L. A. (2005) Measuring the abcs of leisure experience: Awareness, boredom, challenge, distress. Leisure Sciences, 27(2), 131-155. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400590912051
• Bearman, S. K., Presnell, K., Martinez, E., & Stice, E. (2006). The skinny on body dissatisfaction: A longitudinal study of adolescent girls and boys. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35(1), 217-229. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-005-9010-9
• Bichis-Lupas, M., & Moisey, R. N. (2001). A Benefit Segmentation of Rail-Trail Users: Implications for Marketing by Local Communities. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 19(3), 78-92.
• Bright, A. D. (2000). The role of social marketing in leisure and recreation management. Journal of Leisure Research, 32(1), 12-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2000.11949878
• Bülbül, A., Olcucu, B., & Akyol, G. (2021). Spor elemanlarının rekreasyon fayda farkındalığı ile bedenlerini beğenme düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki. Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi, 1(50), 110-123. https://doi.org/10.17498/kdeniz.934526
• Capdevila, L. O., Maymí, J. N., Feliu, J. C., Vidal, J. M. L., Romero, E. P., Bassets, M. P., ... & Brosa, J. V. (2007). Exercise motivation in university community members: A behavioural intervention. Psicothema, 19(2), 250-255.
• Casey, M. M., Eime, R. M., Payne, W. R., & Harvey, J. T. (2009). Using a socioecological approach to examine participation in sport and physical activity among rural adolescent girls. Qualitative Health Research, 19(7), 881-893. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/1049732309338198
• Chang, Y. C., Yeh, T. M., Pai, F. Y., & Huang, T. P. (2018). Sport activity for health! The effects of karate participants’ involvement, perceived value, and leisure benefits on recommendation intention. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(5), 953. https://doi.org/10.3390/İjerph15050953
• Craig, C. L., Marshall, A. L., Sjöström, M., Bauman, A. E., Booth, M. L., Ainsworth, B. E., ... & Oja, P. (2003). International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35(8), 1381-1395. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000078924.61453.fb
• Daskapan, A., Tuzun, E. H., & Eker, L. (2006). Perceived barriers to physical activity in university students. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 5(4), 615-622. El-Gilany, A. H., Badawi, K., El-Khawaga, G., & Awadalla, N. (2011). Physical activity profile of students in Mansoura University, Egypt. EMHJ-Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 17 (8), 694-702.
• Gast, D. L., & Ledford, J. R. (2018). Research approaches in applied settings. In Jennifer R. Ledford, David L. Gast (Edts.), Single case research methodology, applications in special education and behavioral sciences (pp.1-26). Routledge.
• Gawwad, E. S. (2008). Stages of change in physical activity, self efficacy and decisional balance among Saudi University Students. Journal of Family and Community Medicine, 15(3), 107-115.
• Gómez-López, M., Gallegos, A. G., & Extremera, A. B. (2010). Perceived barriers by university students in the practice of physical activities. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 9(3), 374.
• Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2014). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
• Haase, A., Steptoe, A., Sallis, J. F., & Wardle, J. (2004). Leisure-time physical activity in university students from 23 countries: Associations with health beliefs, risk awareness, and national economic development. Preventive Medicine, 39(1), 182-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.01.028
• Hammell, K. (2007). Quality of life after spinal cord injury: a meta-synthesis of qualitative findings. Spinal Cord, 45(2), 124-139. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.sc.3101992
• He, J., Yi, H., & Liu, J. (2016). Urban green space recreational service assessment and management: A conceptual model based on the service generation process. Ecological Economics, 124, 59-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.01.023
• Ho, T. K. (2008). A Study of leisure attitudes and benefits for senior high school students at Pingtung city and country In Taiwan. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation). United States Sports Academy, Daphne, AL.
• Homan, K. J., & Tylka, T. L. (2014). Appearance-based exercise motivation moderates the relationship between exercise frequency and positive body image. Body image, 11(2), 101-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.01.003
• Ibrahim, S., Karim, N. A., Oon, N. L., & Ngah, W. Z. W. (2013). Perceived physical activity barriers related to body weight status and sociodemographic factors among Malaysian men in Klang Valley. BMC Public Health, 13(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-275
• Katzmarzyk, P. T., Gledhill, N., & Shephard, R. J. (2000). The economic burden of physical inactivity in Canada. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association journal, 163(11), 1435-1440.
• Kehn, M., & Kroll, T. (2009). Staying physically active after spinal cord injury: A Qualitative exploration of barriers and facilitators to exercise participation. BMC Public Health, 9(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-9-168
• Kington, R. S., & Smith, J. P. (1997). Socioeconomic status and racial and ethnic differences in functional status associated with chronic diseases. American Journal of Public Health, 87(5), 805-810.
• Kuo, Y. F., & Feng, L. H. (2013). Relationships among community interaction characteristics, perceived benefits, community commitment, and oppositional brand loyalty in online brand communities. International Journal of Information Management, 33(6), 948-962. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2013.08.005
• Kurtipek, S., Güngör, N. B., & Durhan, T. A. (2022). Rekreasyonel faydanın açıklanmasında bilinçli farkındalığın rolü. Akdeniz Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(2), 749-759. https://doi.org/10.38021asbid.1199206
• Lovell, G. P., Ansari, W. E., & Parker, J. K. (2010). Perceived exercise benefits and barriers of non-exercising female university students in the United Kingdom. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 7(3), 784-798. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph7030784
• Martínez-Lemos, R. I., Puig Ribera, A., & García-García, O. (2014). Perceived barriers to physical activity and related factors in Spanish university students. Open Journal of Preventive Medicine, 4(4), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojpm.2014.44022
• Murathan, F., Murathan, T., Yetiş, Ü., Aktuğ, Z. B., & Dündar, A. (2013). Analyzing the physical activity levels and healthy lifestyle behaviors of university students. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), 100-107.
• Nimrod, G., & Shrira, A. (2016). The paradox of leisure in later life. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 71(1), 106-111. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2016.1189368
• Ölçücü, B., Vatansever, Ş., Özcan, G., Çelik, A., & Paktaş, Y. (2015). Üniversite öğrencilerinde fiziksel aktivite düzeyi ile depresyon ve anksiyete ilişkisi. Uluslararası Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 2015(4), 294-303.
• Örnek, A. (2021). Toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği ve üniversite öğrencilerinin tutumları. Kültür ve İletişim, 24(47), 286-323. https://doi.org/ 10.18691/kulturveiletisim.783964
• Öztürk, M. (2005). Üniversitede eğitim-öğretim gören öğrencilerde uluslar arası fiziksel aktivite anketinin geçerliliği ve güvenirliği ve fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin belirlenmesi (Yükseklisans Tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
• Öztürk, Y. (2022). Rekreasyon fayda farkındalığı ve yaşam doyum düzeyi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesine yönelik bir araştırma. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 13(36), 1237-1250. https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.109670
• Pirinççi, C. Ş., Cihan, E., ve Yildirim, N. Ü. (2020). Üniversite öğrencilerinde fiziksel aktivite düzeyinin yaşam kalitesi, kronik hastalık varlığı, sigara kullanımı ve akademik başarıyla olan ilişkisi. Karatay Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(1), 15-23.
• Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68-79.
• Sallis, J. F., Hovell, M. F., & Hofstetter, C. R. (1992). Predictors of adoption and maintenance of vigorous physical activity in men and women. Preventive Medicine, 21(2), 237-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-7435(92)90022-A
• Seefeldt, V., Malina, R. M., & Clark, M. A. (2002). Factors affecting levels of physical activity in adults. Sports Medicine, 32, 143-168. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200232030-00001
• Tiggemann, M. (2005). Body dissatisfaction and adolescent self-esteem: Prospective findings. Body Image, 2(2), 129-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2005.03.006
• Vall-Roqué, H., Andrés, A., & Saldaña, C. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on social network sites use, body image disturbances and self-esteem among adolescent and young women. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 110(1),1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110293
• Van Tuyckom, C., Van de Velde, S., & Bracke, P. (2013). Does country-context matter? A cross-national analysis of gender and leisure time physical inactivity in Europe. The European Journal of Public Health, 23(3), 452-457. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cks009
• Williams, T. L., Smith, B., & Papathomas, A. (2014). The barriers, benefits and facilitators of leisure time physical activity among people with spinal cord injury: a meta-synthesis of qualitative findings. Health Psychology Review, 8(4), 404-425. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2014.898406
• World Economic Forum. (2018, May 25). Global Gender Report. https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GGGR_2018.pdf
• Yeh, T. M., Chang, Y. C., and Lai, M. Y. (2017). The relationships among leisure experience, leisure benefits and leisure satisfaction of youbike users. Journal Sport Leisure Hospitality Reserch 12, 67-97.
• Zhou, L., and Tsai, C. T. L. (2019). Research on leisure participation for university students: perspective of leisure education. International Leisure Review, 8(1), 31-48. https://doi.org/10.6298/ILR.201907_8(1).0003