The Congruence of Teaching Styles Used by Turkish Physical Education Teachers with National Curriculum’ Goals and Learning Outcomes
Year 2023,
Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 95 - 115, 30.09.2023
Mehmet Yanık
,
Tarık Balcı
,
Zekeriya Goktas
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the congruence of the teaching styles used by Turkish physical education teachers in their lessons with the goals and learning outcomes of the curriculum they are responsible for taking into consideration. The case study design was used and eight physical education teachers serving in middle and high school grades in the central districts of a metropolitan city were involved in this study. In the study, a semi-structured interview form prepared by the authors was used to reveal which teaching styles physical education teachers prefer in their lessons, the reasons for their preference, and the congruence between the teaching styles they use in their lessons and the goals and learning outcomes of the curriculum. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. The results of the study indicated that physical education teachers generally preferred reproduction cluster teaching styles to vary extents and mostly used the practice style. Effective skill learning and effective time management were found to be the most mentioned reasons for teachers to prefer the practice and the command styles more in their lessons. The study additionally revealed that when selecting teaching styles for their lessons, physical education teachers did not take into consideration the goals and learning outcomes of the curriculum. Based on the results of the study, it is recommended that professional development programs be designed to enhance the curriculum literacy of physical education teachers and to inform them of the teaching styles that are aligned with certain goals and learning outcomes.
References
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- Byra, M. (2019). Teaching spectrum-style—Part 2. Runner, 50(1), 15-24.
- Chatoupis, C. (2018). Physical education teachers’ use of Mosston and Ashworth’s teaching styles: A literature review. Physical Educator, 75(5), 880-900. https://doi.org/10.18666/TPE-2018-V75-I5-8292
- Cothran, D. J., Kulinna, P. H., Banville, D., Choi, E., Amade-Escot, C., MacPhail, A., Macdonald, D., Richard, J. F., Sarmento, P., & Kirk, D. (2005). A cross-cultural investigation of the use of teaching styles. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 76(2), 193-201. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2005.10599280
- Cothran, D. J., & Kulinna, P. H. (2008). Teachers’ knowledge about and use of teaching models. The Physical Educator, 65(3), 122-133.
- Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th Ed.). Sage.
- Curtner-Smith, M. D., Todorovich, J. R., McCaughtry, N. A., & Lacon, S. A. (2001). Urban teachers’ use of productive and reproductive teaching styles within the confines of the national curriculum for physical education. European Physical Education Review, 7(2), 177-190. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X01007200
- Demirhan, G., Bulca, Y., Figen, A., Şahin, R., Güvenç, A., Aslan, A., ... & Açıkada, C. (2008). Comparison of the views of partners regarding the physical education curriculum and it’s delivery. Hacettepe Journal of Sport Sciences, 19(3), 157-180.
- Demirhan, G., Bulca, Y., Saçlı, F., & Kangalgil, M. (2014). Beden eğitimi öğretmenlerinin uygulamada karşılaştıkları sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 29(2), 57-68.
- Garn, A., & Byra, M. (2002). Psychomotor, cognitive, and social development spectrum style. Teaching Elementary Physical Education, 13(2), 8-13.
- Goldberger, M., Ashworth, S., & Byra, M. (2012). Spectrum of teaching styles retrospective 2012. Quest, 64, 268-282. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2012.706883
- Goldberger, M., & SueSee, B. (2020). Effects of the reciprocal teaching style on skill acquisition, verbal interaction and ability to analyse in fifth grade children in physical education. In B. SueSee, M. Hewitt and S. Pill (Eds.), The Spectrum of teaching styles in physical education (pp. 116-127). Routledge.
- Howitt, D. (2019). Introduction to qualitative research methods in psychology: Putting theory into practice (4th Ed.). Pearson.
- İnce, M. L., & Hünük, D. (2010). Experienced physical education teachers’ use and perceptions of teaching styles during the educational reform period. Education and Science, 35(157), 129-139.
- Jaakkola, T., & Watt, A. (2011). Finnish physical education teachers’ self-reported use and perceptions of Mosston and Ashworth’s teaching styles. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 30(3), 248-262. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.30.3.248
- Joyce, B., Showers, B., & Weil, M. (1992). Models of teaching (4th Ed.). Allyn and Bacon.
- Kulinna, P. H., & Cothran, D. J. (2003). Physical education teachers’ self-reported use of and perceptions of various teaching styles. Learning and Instruction, 13(6), 597-609. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-4752(02)00044-0
- Lune, H., & Berg, B. L. (2017). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences (9th Ed.). Pearson.
- Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation (2nd Ed.). Jossey-Bass
- MEB. (2006). İlköğretim beden eğitimi dersi öğretim programı (1-8. sınıflar). Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı, Talim ve Terbiye Kurulu Başkanlığı.
- MEB. (2013). Beden eğitimi ve spor dersi öğretim programı (Ortaokul 5-8. sınıflar). Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı, Talim ve Terbiye Kurulu Başkanlığı.
- MEB. (2018). Beden eğitimi ve spor dersi öğretim programı (Ortaokul 5, 6, 7 ve 8. sınıflar). Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı, Talim ve Terbiye Kurulu Başkanlığı.
- MEB. (2009). Ortaöğretim beden eğitimi dersi öğretim programı (9-12. sınıflar). Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı, Talim ve Terbiye Kurulu Başkanlığı.
- Mirzeoğlu, A. D., Soydaş Yaralı, S., Çoknaz, D., & Özmen, S. (2019). Beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmenlerinin gözünden dersleri ve meslekleri (Sakarya Örneği). Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 24(2), 111-131.
- Mosston, M., & Ashworth, S. (2008). Teaching physical education (1st online Ed.). Spectrum Institute for Teaching and Learning.
- Pangrazi, R. P., & Beighle, A. (2016). Dynamic physical education for elementary school children (18th Ed.). Pearson.
- Sanchez, E., Byra, M., & Wallhead, T. (2012). Students’ perceptions of the command, practice, and inclusion styles of teaching. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 17(3), 317-330. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2012.690864
- Saraç-Yılmaz, L., İnce, M. L., Kirazcı, S., & Çiçek, Ş. (2005). Time management strategies and teaching style preferences of physical education teachers. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(2), 3-10.
- SueSee, B., & Barker, D. M. (2019). Self-reported and observed teaching styles of Swedish physical education teachers. Curriculum Studies in Health and Physical Education, 10(1), 34-50. https://doi.org/10.1080/25742981.2018.1552498
- SueSee, B., Edwards, K., Pill, S., & Cuddihy, T. (2019). Observed teaching styles of senior physical education teachers in Australia. Curriculum Perspectives, 39(1), 47-57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41297-018-0048-8
- SueSee, B., Edwards, K., Pill, S., & Cuddihy, T. (2018). Self-reported teaching styles of Australian senior physical education teachers. Curriculum Perspectives, 38(1), 41-54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41297-018-0041-2
- SueSee, B. (2020). Using the spectrum to interrogate the teaching styles of physical education teachers. In B. SueSee, M. Hewitt and S. Pill (Eds.), The spectrum of teaching styles in physical education (pp. 37-47). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429341342
- Syrmpas, I., Digelidis, N., & Watt, A. (2016). An examination of Greek physical educators’ implementation and perceptions of spectrum teaching styles. European Physical Education Review, 22(2), 201-214. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X155987
- Syrmpas, I., Digelidis, N., Watt, A., & Vicars, M. (2017). Physical education teachers’ experiences and beliefs of production and reproduction teaching approaches. Teaching and Teacher Education, 66, 184-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2017.04.013
- Syrmpas, I., Chen, S., Pasco, D., & Digelidis, N. (2019). Greek preservice physical education teachers’ mental models of production and reproduction teaching styles. European Physical Education Review, 25(2), 544-564. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X17752627
- Uğraş, S., Güllü, M., & Yücekaya, M. A. (2019). Beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmenliğindeki ilk yılım. Eğitimde Nitel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 7(1), 242-259. https://doi.org/10.14689/issn.2148-2624.1.7c1s.11m
- Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (11th Ed.). Şeçkin Yayıncılık.
- Yılmaz, A., Esentürk, O. K., & İlhan, E. L. (2018). Beden eğitimi öğretmenlerinin mesleki tükenmişlik durumları ve öğretim sürecinde bu duruma yol açan nedenler: Karma araştırma yaklaşımı. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 26(6), 2091-2103. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.2448
- Yin, Y. K. (2014). Case study research: Design and methods (5th Ed.). Sage
- Zeng, H. Z. (2014). From command to discovery: The steps of becoming a skillful physical education teacher. Journal of Modern Education Review, 4(8), 598-613. https://doi.org/10.15341/jmer(2155-7993)/08.04.2014/004
Türk Beden Eğitimi Öğretmenlerinin Derslerinde Kullandıkları Öğretim Stillerinin Öğretim Programlarının Amaç ve Kazanımları ile Uyumu
Year 2023,
Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 95 - 115, 30.09.2023
Mehmet Yanık
,
Tarık Balcı
,
Zekeriya Goktas
Abstract
Bu çalışma, Türk beden eğitimi öğretmenlerinin derslerinde kullandıkları öğretim stillerinin dikkate almakla sorumlu oldukları öğretim programının amaç ve kazanımlarıyla uyumunun belirlenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Durum çalışması deseninin kullanıldığı bu çalışmaya bir büyükşehrin merkez ilçelerinde ortaokul ve lise öğretim kademelerinde görev yapan sekiz beden eğitimi öğretmeni dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmada, beden eğitimi öğretmenlerinin derslerinde hangi öğretim stillerini tercih ettikleri, tercih etme gerekçeleri ve derslerinde kullandıkları öğretim stilleriyle öğretim programının amaç ve kazanımları arasındaki uyumu belirlemek üzere araştırmacıların hazırladığı yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formundan yararlanılmıştır. Verilerin çözümlenmesi amacıyla içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçları, beden eğitimi öğretmenlerinin genel olarak sunuş kümesi öğretim stillerini değişen oranlarda tercih ettiklerini ve esas olarak da çoğunlukla alıştırma stilini kullandıklarını göstermiştir. Öğretmenlerin alıştırma ve komut stilini derslerinde daha fazla tercih etmelerinin en sık bahsedilen gerekçelerinin; etkili beceri öğrenimi ve zaman yönetimi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada ayrıca, beden eğitimi öğretmenlerinin dersleri için öğretim stili seçerken öğretim programının amaç ve kazanımlarını kendilerine ölçüt almadıkları belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarından yola çıkarak beden eğitimi öğretmenlerinin, dikkate almakla yükümlü oldukları öğretim programı hakkında okuryazarlıklarının arttırılması ve belirli amaçlar ve kazanımlarla uyumlu öğretim stilleri hakkında bilgilendirilmesi amacıyla mesleki gelişim programlarının düzenlenmesi önerilmektedir.
References
- Ashworth, S. (2020). History and overview of the spectrum. In B. SueSee, M. Hewitt and S. Pill (Eds.), The spectrum of teaching styles in physical education (pp. 14-26). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429341342
- Byra, M. (2019). Teaching spectrum-style—Part 2. Runner, 50(1), 15-24.
- Chatoupis, C. (2018). Physical education teachers’ use of Mosston and Ashworth’s teaching styles: A literature review. Physical Educator, 75(5), 880-900. https://doi.org/10.18666/TPE-2018-V75-I5-8292
- Cothran, D. J., Kulinna, P. H., Banville, D., Choi, E., Amade-Escot, C., MacPhail, A., Macdonald, D., Richard, J. F., Sarmento, P., & Kirk, D. (2005). A cross-cultural investigation of the use of teaching styles. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 76(2), 193-201. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2005.10599280
- Cothran, D. J., & Kulinna, P. H. (2008). Teachers’ knowledge about and use of teaching models. The Physical Educator, 65(3), 122-133.
- Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th Ed.). Sage.
- Curtner-Smith, M. D., Todorovich, J. R., McCaughtry, N. A., & Lacon, S. A. (2001). Urban teachers’ use of productive and reproductive teaching styles within the confines of the national curriculum for physical education. European Physical Education Review, 7(2), 177-190. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X01007200
- Demirhan, G., Bulca, Y., Figen, A., Şahin, R., Güvenç, A., Aslan, A., ... & Açıkada, C. (2008). Comparison of the views of partners regarding the physical education curriculum and it’s delivery. Hacettepe Journal of Sport Sciences, 19(3), 157-180.
- Demirhan, G., Bulca, Y., Saçlı, F., & Kangalgil, M. (2014). Beden eğitimi öğretmenlerinin uygulamada karşılaştıkları sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 29(2), 57-68.
- Garn, A., & Byra, M. (2002). Psychomotor, cognitive, and social development spectrum style. Teaching Elementary Physical Education, 13(2), 8-13.
- Goldberger, M., Ashworth, S., & Byra, M. (2012). Spectrum of teaching styles retrospective 2012. Quest, 64, 268-282. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2012.706883
- Goldberger, M., & SueSee, B. (2020). Effects of the reciprocal teaching style on skill acquisition, verbal interaction and ability to analyse in fifth grade children in physical education. In B. SueSee, M. Hewitt and S. Pill (Eds.), The Spectrum of teaching styles in physical education (pp. 116-127). Routledge.
- Howitt, D. (2019). Introduction to qualitative research methods in psychology: Putting theory into practice (4th Ed.). Pearson.
- İnce, M. L., & Hünük, D. (2010). Experienced physical education teachers’ use and perceptions of teaching styles during the educational reform period. Education and Science, 35(157), 129-139.
- Jaakkola, T., & Watt, A. (2011). Finnish physical education teachers’ self-reported use and perceptions of Mosston and Ashworth’s teaching styles. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 30(3), 248-262. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.30.3.248
- Joyce, B., Showers, B., & Weil, M. (1992). Models of teaching (4th Ed.). Allyn and Bacon.
- Kulinna, P. H., & Cothran, D. J. (2003). Physical education teachers’ self-reported use of and perceptions of various teaching styles. Learning and Instruction, 13(6), 597-609. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-4752(02)00044-0
- Lune, H., & Berg, B. L. (2017). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences (9th Ed.). Pearson.
- Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation (2nd Ed.). Jossey-Bass
- MEB. (2006). İlköğretim beden eğitimi dersi öğretim programı (1-8. sınıflar). Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı, Talim ve Terbiye Kurulu Başkanlığı.
- MEB. (2013). Beden eğitimi ve spor dersi öğretim programı (Ortaokul 5-8. sınıflar). Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı, Talim ve Terbiye Kurulu Başkanlığı.
- MEB. (2018). Beden eğitimi ve spor dersi öğretim programı (Ortaokul 5, 6, 7 ve 8. sınıflar). Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı, Talim ve Terbiye Kurulu Başkanlığı.
- MEB. (2009). Ortaöğretim beden eğitimi dersi öğretim programı (9-12. sınıflar). Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı, Talim ve Terbiye Kurulu Başkanlığı.
- Mirzeoğlu, A. D., Soydaş Yaralı, S., Çoknaz, D., & Özmen, S. (2019). Beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmenlerinin gözünden dersleri ve meslekleri (Sakarya Örneği). Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 24(2), 111-131.
- Mosston, M., & Ashworth, S. (2008). Teaching physical education (1st online Ed.). Spectrum Institute for Teaching and Learning.
- Pangrazi, R. P., & Beighle, A. (2016). Dynamic physical education for elementary school children (18th Ed.). Pearson.
- Sanchez, E., Byra, M., & Wallhead, T. (2012). Students’ perceptions of the command, practice, and inclusion styles of teaching. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 17(3), 317-330. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2012.690864
- Saraç-Yılmaz, L., İnce, M. L., Kirazcı, S., & Çiçek, Ş. (2005). Time management strategies and teaching style preferences of physical education teachers. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(2), 3-10.
- SueSee, B., & Barker, D. M. (2019). Self-reported and observed teaching styles of Swedish physical education teachers. Curriculum Studies in Health and Physical Education, 10(1), 34-50. https://doi.org/10.1080/25742981.2018.1552498
- SueSee, B., Edwards, K., Pill, S., & Cuddihy, T. (2019). Observed teaching styles of senior physical education teachers in Australia. Curriculum Perspectives, 39(1), 47-57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41297-018-0048-8
- SueSee, B., Edwards, K., Pill, S., & Cuddihy, T. (2018). Self-reported teaching styles of Australian senior physical education teachers. Curriculum Perspectives, 38(1), 41-54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41297-018-0041-2
- SueSee, B. (2020). Using the spectrum to interrogate the teaching styles of physical education teachers. In B. SueSee, M. Hewitt and S. Pill (Eds.), The spectrum of teaching styles in physical education (pp. 37-47). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429341342
- Syrmpas, I., Digelidis, N., & Watt, A. (2016). An examination of Greek physical educators’ implementation and perceptions of spectrum teaching styles. European Physical Education Review, 22(2), 201-214. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X155987
- Syrmpas, I., Digelidis, N., Watt, A., & Vicars, M. (2017). Physical education teachers’ experiences and beliefs of production and reproduction teaching approaches. Teaching and Teacher Education, 66, 184-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2017.04.013
- Syrmpas, I., Chen, S., Pasco, D., & Digelidis, N. (2019). Greek preservice physical education teachers’ mental models of production and reproduction teaching styles. European Physical Education Review, 25(2), 544-564. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X17752627
- Uğraş, S., Güllü, M., & Yücekaya, M. A. (2019). Beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmenliğindeki ilk yılım. Eğitimde Nitel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 7(1), 242-259. https://doi.org/10.14689/issn.2148-2624.1.7c1s.11m
- Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (11th Ed.). Şeçkin Yayıncılık.
- Yılmaz, A., Esentürk, O. K., & İlhan, E. L. (2018). Beden eğitimi öğretmenlerinin mesleki tükenmişlik durumları ve öğretim sürecinde bu duruma yol açan nedenler: Karma araştırma yaklaşımı. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 26(6), 2091-2103. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.2448
- Yin, Y. K. (2014). Case study research: Design and methods (5th Ed.). Sage
- Zeng, H. Z. (2014). From command to discovery: The steps of becoming a skillful physical education teacher. Journal of Modern Education Review, 4(8), 598-613. https://doi.org/10.15341/jmer(2155-7993)/08.04.2014/004