A New Joining Algorithm for Multi-hop Non-mobile Wireless Sensor Networks

Year 2021, , 195 - 199, 30.12.2021

Musa Çıbuk , Davut Arı , Fikri Ağgün

https://doi.org/10.36222/ejt.916717

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are divided into two categories as single-hop and multi-hop according to the connection states of the sensor nodes. In the single-hop WSNs, the sensor nodes communicate directly with the management unit (coordinator node). On the other hand, in multi-hop WSNs, the sensor nodes, which are out of the coverage area of the coordinator node communicate with the coordinator over other joined sensor nodes. Multi-hop WSNs preferred for complex applications where there are many sensor nodes. In such applications, connecting to the network and maintaining the continuity in the network is difficult and requires very complicated algorithms for sensor nodes.
In this study, a new network-joining algorithm for multi-hop WSNs has been proposed and designed. According to the algorithm, there is a management unit which is named as coordinator node (CN) for maintaining the network connectivity and the nodes which are the members of the network sends network joining requests over a common contention-based channel for joining the network. If there is a coordinator node in the coverage area, the sensor node joins directly to the network and coordinator allocates an appropriate channel to the new node. If the channel has multiple users, it is used as time-shared. If the sensor node is out of coverage area, directly joining to the network is impossible. In this case, the sensor node sends a relay request to the other joined sensor nodes. The available sensor node responds to this relay request via handshake. The sensor node uses the relay node’s channels as shared by using time-sharing methods. Therefore, the new node joins the network from the relay node’s channel. The main goal of this algorithm is to speed up joining of sensor nodes to the networks in multi-hop WSNs. Also, another goal is maximizing the continuity of the sensor nodes in the network. Thus, the algorithm improves performance and ensures data transfer continuity of WSNs.

Keywords

Wireless Sensor Networks, Relay Mechanism, Channel Allocation, Joining Algorithm

References

• O. Chughtai, N. Badruddin, and A. Awang, ‘A novel congestion alleviation procedure in multi-hop wireless sensor networks’, 2016 6th International Conference on Intelligent and Advanced Systems (ICIAS), IEEE,pp. 1–6, 2016.
• F. Alshahrany, M. Abbod, and I. Moualek, ‘WSN and RFID Integration to Support Intelligent Monitoring in Smart Buildings Using Hybrid Intelligent Decision Support Systems’, Acta Phys. Pol. A, vol. 128, no. 2B, ,p. B-152-B-160, 2015.
• C. Z. Zulkifli, H. N. Hassan, W. Ismail, and S. N. Semunab, ‘Embedded RFID and Wireless Mesh Sensor Network Materializing Automated Production Line Monitoring’, Acta Phys. Pol. A, vol. 128, no. 2B, ,p. B-86-B-90, 2015.
• P. Murdiyat, K. S. Chung, and K. S. Chan, ‘A multi-channel MAC for multi-hop wireless sensor networks minimizing hidden node collision’, 2016 22nd Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC), IEEE,pp. 535–540, 2016.
• P. Murdiyat, K. S. Chung, and K. S. Chan, ‘Predicting the network throughput of wide area WSN in rural areas’, The 20th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communication (APCC2014), IEEE,pp. 106–111, 2014.
• D. D. Vergados, D. J. Vergados, A. Sgora, D. Vouyioukas, and I. Anagnostopoulos, ‘Enhancing Fairness in Wireless Multi-Hop Networks’, Proceedings of the 3rd International ICST Conference on Mobile Multimedia Communications, ICST,pp. 1–6, 2007.
• C. Duan, F. Shi, X. Ding, X. Xiao, and P. Duan, ‘A novel TDMA and multi-hop MAC protocol in cluster-based wireless sensor networks’, 2011 6th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, Bitlis,IEEE,pp. 805–808, 2011.
• K. Nguyen and Y. Ji, ‘Achieving Minimum Latency in Multi-Hop MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks’, 2011 IEEE 73rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), IEEE,pp. 1–5, 2011.
• Ji-Jun Zhao and Xiang Sun, ‘MAC protocol based on T-MAC multi-hop reservation for short-latency wireless sensor network’, 2008 11th IEEE International Conference on Communication Technology, Hangzhou, China,IEEE,pp. 114–117, 2008.
• K. Nguyen and Y. Ji, ‘AM-MAC: an energy efficient, Adaptive Multi-hop MAC protocol for sensor networks’, Proceedings of the 6th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference on ZZZ - IWCMC ’10, New York, USA,ACM Press,p. 432, 2010.
• J.-W. Lee and H.-S. Cho, ‘Cascading Multi-Hop Reservation and Transmission in Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks’, Sensors, vol. 14, no. 10, ,pp. 18390–18409, 2014.
• Riverbed Modeler, ‘Riverbed Modeler’, https://www.riverbed.com/gb/products/steelcentral/steelcentral-riverbed-modeler.html,accessed 9 April 2021.
• X. Chang, ‘Network simulations with OPNET’, Proceedings of the 31st conference on Winter simulation Simulation-a bridge to the future - WSC ’99, vol. 1, New York, USA,ACM Press, pp. 307–314, 1999.