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Epidemiological and Clinical Investigation of Snake Bite Cases Admitted to the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Hospital in Izmir

Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, 79 - 82, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.51262/ejtox.1207892

Abstract

Objective: There are more than 3000 snake species in the world, about 30% of which are known to be venomous. Snake poisoning can cause serious mortality and morbidity. In this study, it was aimed to investigate epidemiologically and clinically the snake bite cases admitted to the emergency department of a tertiary hospital in Izmir.
Material and Methods: Patients who applied to our emergency department with the complaint of snake bite between 2012 and 2022 were included in the retrospective observational study. The data of the patients were obtained by scanning the hospital electronic database. Vital signs, laboratory values, physical examination findings and outcomes of the patients were evaluated.
Results: Of the 52 patients, 22 (42.3%) were female, 30 (57.7%) were male, and the mean age was 48±16. It was seen that the most cases occurred in the summer season and only 1 patient died in total. Snake bite was seen on extremity in 41 (78.8%) patients while 11 (21.2%) had non-extremity bites. There was a statistically significant difference in CK value, potassium value, local edema and diffuse edema incidence between the two groups according to the bite site.
Conclusion: Higher CK, lower potassium level and more local and diffuse edema are seen in extremity bites compared to non-extremity bites.

Supporting Institution

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Project Number

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References

  • WHO. Snakebite envenoming- a strategy for prevention and control. May 2, 2019. Available at https://apps.who.int/iris/rest/bitstreams/1216706/retrieve.
  • Sahyoun C, Rima M, Mattei C, Sabatier JM, Fajloun Z, Legros C. Separation and analytical techniques used in snake venomics: A reviewe article. Processes 2022;10(7):1380.
  • Baran İ, Başoğlu M. Türkiye Sürüngenleri, Kısım 2, Yılanlar Ege Üniversitesi. Basımevi, İzmir, 1998:9-25.
  • Kose R. [The management of snake envenomation: evaluation of twenty-one snake bite cases]. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 2007;13(4):307-12.
  • Okur Mİ, Yıldırım AM, Köse R. Venomous snake bites and its therapy in Turkey. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences 2001; 21: 528.
  • Gökel Y, Başlamışlı F, Koçak R. Çukurova yöresinde yılan ısırmaları. Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 1997;22:184-8.
  • Garg A, Sujatha S, Garg J, Acharya NS, Chandra Parija S. Wound infections secondary to snakebite. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2009; 3:221–23.
  • Warrell DA. Treatment of snakebite in the Assia Passific: A personal view. In: Gopalaksishnakone P, Chou LM, eds. Snake of medical. basım yeri bilinmiyor : importance singapore venom ad. Toxin Research Group. National University of Singapore. 1990; 641-70.
  • Benvenuti LA, Franca FO, Barbaro KC,Nunes JR, Cardoso JL. Pulmonary haemorrhage causing rapid death after Bothrops jararacussu snakebite: a case report. Toxicon 2003;42:331-4.
  • Gutiérrez, JM, Calvete JJ, Habib AG, Harrison RA, Williams DJ, Warrell DA. (2017). Snakebite envenoming. Nature reviews. Disease primers, 3, 17063. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2017.63.
  • Oto A, Hapolat YK, Venomous Snakebites in Children in Southeast Turkey. Dicle Med J 2021; 48(4): 761-9.
  • Moon JM, Chun BJ, Cho YS, Kim JC, Koo YJ, Park KH et al. Coagulopathy after snake envenomation in South Korea. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2021;59(10):905-12. doi: 10.1080/15563650.2021.1884694.
  • Warrell DA. Venomous Bites, Stings, and Poisoning: An Update. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2019 Mar;33(1):17-38. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2018.10.001.
  • Satar S, Karcıoğlu Ö, Sebe A. An usual localization of snakebite treated without antivenin: case report. The Mount Sınai J of Med 2005; 72:116-9.
  • Yüksel M, Eryiğit V, Erimşah ME, Karaaslan U, Büyükyılmaz T, Ersan E.Türkiye’deki Acil Servislerde Çalışan Hekimlerin Yılan Isırıklarına Yaklaşımı.Kocaeli Med J 2020; 9; 1:76-82.
  • Seğmen MS, Acehan S, Avcı A, Gülen M, Satar S. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department with Snakebite. Phnx Med J 2020; 2(2):72-8.
  • Tagwireyi DD, Ball DE, Nhachi CF. Routine prophylactic antibiotic use in the management of snakebite. BMC Clin Pharmacol. 2001;1:4. doi: 10.1186/1472-6904-1-4.
  • Clark RF, Selden BS, Furbee B. The incidence of wound infection following crotalid envenomation. J Emerg Med. 1993;11:583-6.

İzmir’de 3. Basamak Bir Hastanenin Acil Servisine Başvuran Yılan Isırığı Vakalarının Epidemiyolojik ve Klinik İncelemesi

Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, 79 - 82, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.51262/ejtox.1207892

Abstract

Amaç: Dünya üzerinde yaklaşık %30’unun zehirli olduğu bilinen 3000’den fazla yılan türü bulunmaktadır. Yılan zehirlenmeleri ciddi mortalite ve morbiditeye neden olabilir. Bu çalışma İzmirde 3. basamak bir hastanenin acil servisine başvuran yılan sokması vakalarının epidemiyolojik ve klinik olarak incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Retrospektif gözlemsel olarak tasarlanan çalışmaya 2012 - 2022 yılları arasında acil servisimize yılan ısırığı şikayeti ile başvuran hastalar dahil edildi. Hastalara ait veriler hastane elektronik veri tabanından taranarak elde edildi. Hastaların vital bulguları, laboratuar değerleri, fizik muayene bulguları ve sonlanımları değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Toplam 52 hastanın 22 (42,3%)’si kadın 30 (57,7%)’u erkekti ve yaş ortalamaları 48±16 idi. En çok vakanın yaz mevsiminde meydana geldiği ve toplamda sadece 1 hastanın ex olduğu görüldü. Hastaların 41 (%78.8)’ inde yılan ısırığı ekstremitede görülürken, 11 (%21.2) hastada ise ekstremite dışı ısırık görüldü. Isırık yerine göre iki grup arasında CK değeri, potasyum değeri, lokal ödem ve yaygın ödem görülme sıklığı istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık mevcuttu.
Sonuç: Extremite ısırıklarında extremite harici ısırklara göre daha yüksek CK, daha düşük potasyım düzeyi ve daha fazla lokal ve yaygın ödem görülmektedir.

Project Number

none

References

  • WHO. Snakebite envenoming- a strategy for prevention and control. May 2, 2019. Available at https://apps.who.int/iris/rest/bitstreams/1216706/retrieve.
  • Sahyoun C, Rima M, Mattei C, Sabatier JM, Fajloun Z, Legros C. Separation and analytical techniques used in snake venomics: A reviewe article. Processes 2022;10(7):1380.
  • Baran İ, Başoğlu M. Türkiye Sürüngenleri, Kısım 2, Yılanlar Ege Üniversitesi. Basımevi, İzmir, 1998:9-25.
  • Kose R. [The management of snake envenomation: evaluation of twenty-one snake bite cases]. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 2007;13(4):307-12.
  • Okur Mİ, Yıldırım AM, Köse R. Venomous snake bites and its therapy in Turkey. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences 2001; 21: 528.
  • Gökel Y, Başlamışlı F, Koçak R. Çukurova yöresinde yılan ısırmaları. Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 1997;22:184-8.
  • Garg A, Sujatha S, Garg J, Acharya NS, Chandra Parija S. Wound infections secondary to snakebite. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2009; 3:221–23.
  • Warrell DA. Treatment of snakebite in the Assia Passific: A personal view. In: Gopalaksishnakone P, Chou LM, eds. Snake of medical. basım yeri bilinmiyor : importance singapore venom ad. Toxin Research Group. National University of Singapore. 1990; 641-70.
  • Benvenuti LA, Franca FO, Barbaro KC,Nunes JR, Cardoso JL. Pulmonary haemorrhage causing rapid death after Bothrops jararacussu snakebite: a case report. Toxicon 2003;42:331-4.
  • Gutiérrez, JM, Calvete JJ, Habib AG, Harrison RA, Williams DJ, Warrell DA. (2017). Snakebite envenoming. Nature reviews. Disease primers, 3, 17063. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2017.63.
  • Oto A, Hapolat YK, Venomous Snakebites in Children in Southeast Turkey. Dicle Med J 2021; 48(4): 761-9.
  • Moon JM, Chun BJ, Cho YS, Kim JC, Koo YJ, Park KH et al. Coagulopathy after snake envenomation in South Korea. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2021;59(10):905-12. doi: 10.1080/15563650.2021.1884694.
  • Warrell DA. Venomous Bites, Stings, and Poisoning: An Update. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2019 Mar;33(1):17-38. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2018.10.001.
  • Satar S, Karcıoğlu Ö, Sebe A. An usual localization of snakebite treated without antivenin: case report. The Mount Sınai J of Med 2005; 72:116-9.
  • Yüksel M, Eryiğit V, Erimşah ME, Karaaslan U, Büyükyılmaz T, Ersan E.Türkiye’deki Acil Servislerde Çalışan Hekimlerin Yılan Isırıklarına Yaklaşımı.Kocaeli Med J 2020; 9; 1:76-82.
  • Seğmen MS, Acehan S, Avcı A, Gülen M, Satar S. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department with Snakebite. Phnx Med J 2020; 2(2):72-8.
  • Tagwireyi DD, Ball DE, Nhachi CF. Routine prophylactic antibiotic use in the management of snakebite. BMC Clin Pharmacol. 2001;1:4. doi: 10.1186/1472-6904-1-4.
  • Clark RF, Selden BS, Furbee B. The incidence of wound infection following crotalid envenomation. J Emerg Med. 1993;11:583-6.
There are 18 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Emergency Medicine
Journal Section Original Articles
Authors

Mehmet Göktuğ Efgan 0000-0002-0794-1239

Kadriye Acar 0000-0002-8154-0572

Hüseyin Acar 0000-0002-1905-7133

Osman Sezer Çınaroğlu 0000-0002-3860-2053

Serkan Bilgin 0000-0001-9345-8878

Ahmet Kayalı 0000-0003-2557-0600

Mehmet Erdem 0000-0001-5671-1213

Project Number none
Publication Date December 31, 2022
Submission Date November 21, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 4 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Efgan, M. G., Acar, K., Acar, H., Çınaroğlu, O. S., et al. (2022). Epidemiological and Clinical Investigation of Snake Bite Cases Admitted to the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Hospital in Izmir. Eurasian Journal of Toxicology, 4(3), 79-82. https://doi.org/10.51262/ejtox.1207892
AMA Efgan MG, Acar K, Acar H, Çınaroğlu OS, Bilgin S, Kayalı A, Erdem M. Epidemiological and Clinical Investigation of Snake Bite Cases Admitted to the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Hospital in Izmir. Eurasian J Tox. December 2022;4(3):79-82. doi:10.51262/ejtox.1207892
Chicago Efgan, Mehmet Göktuğ, Kadriye Acar, Hüseyin Acar, Osman Sezer Çınaroğlu, Serkan Bilgin, Ahmet Kayalı, and Mehmet Erdem. “Epidemiological and Clinical Investigation of Snake Bite Cases Admitted to the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Hospital in Izmir”. Eurasian Journal of Toxicology 4, no. 3 (December 2022): 79-82. https://doi.org/10.51262/ejtox.1207892.
EndNote Efgan MG, Acar K, Acar H, Çınaroğlu OS, Bilgin S, Kayalı A, Erdem M (December 1, 2022) Epidemiological and Clinical Investigation of Snake Bite Cases Admitted to the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Hospital in Izmir. Eurasian Journal of Toxicology 4 3 79–82.
IEEE M. G. Efgan, K. Acar, H. Acar, O. S. Çınaroğlu, S. Bilgin, A. Kayalı, and M. Erdem, “Epidemiological and Clinical Investigation of Snake Bite Cases Admitted to the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Hospital in Izmir”, Eurasian J Tox, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 79–82, 2022, doi: 10.51262/ejtox.1207892.
ISNAD Efgan, Mehmet Göktuğ et al. “Epidemiological and Clinical Investigation of Snake Bite Cases Admitted to the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Hospital in Izmir”. Eurasian Journal of Toxicology 4/3 (December 2022), 79-82. https://doi.org/10.51262/ejtox.1207892.
JAMA Efgan MG, Acar K, Acar H, Çınaroğlu OS, Bilgin S, Kayalı A, Erdem M. Epidemiological and Clinical Investigation of Snake Bite Cases Admitted to the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Hospital in Izmir. Eurasian J Tox. 2022;4:79–82.
MLA Efgan, Mehmet Göktuğ et al. “Epidemiological and Clinical Investigation of Snake Bite Cases Admitted to the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Hospital in Izmir”. Eurasian Journal of Toxicology, vol. 4, no. 3, 2022, pp. 79-82, doi:10.51262/ejtox.1207892.
Vancouver Efgan MG, Acar K, Acar H, Çınaroğlu OS, Bilgin S, Kayalı A, Erdem M. Epidemiological and Clinical Investigation of Snake Bite Cases Admitted to the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Hospital in Izmir. Eurasian J Tox. 2022;4(3):79-82.

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