Research Article
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Planning the Just Transition: A Framework Proposal for Making Green Transformation Fair

Year 2024, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 160 - 182, 11.09.2024

Abstract

“Just Transition” emerges as a public policy framework that aims to ensure the welfare of societies in an equitable and inclusive manner within the planning of a green and sustainable economic transformation against the global climate disaster. This study includes a breakdown of the “Just Transition” policy framework, while also shedding light on the Just Transition processes of the European Union. As can be understood from the experience, in order for a just transition process to be realized within the scope of green transformation and to take action in the public interest, many factors such as cooperation, planning and financing adequacy of the society, civil society organizations, unions and the state must come together in harmony. There is no single path suitable for every region for the Just Transition process to be successful. Countries must implement their own policy instruments and regulations based on their own economic and socio-cultural conditions.

Project Number

123K509 No'lu TÜBİTAK 1001 Projesi

References

  • Avcı, D., Acar, S., Adaman, F., Uncu, B.A. (2022). Net Sıfıra Giden Yolda Adil Dönüşüm İçin Yol Haritası [A Roadmap for Just Transition on the Road to Net Zero Emissions]. WWF-Türkiye Raporu. https://www.wwf.org.tr/?13101/Net-Sifira-Giden-Yolda-Adil-Donusum Erişim: 27 Temmuz 2023.
  • Avrupa Komisyonu. (2018a). EU coal regions: opportunities and challenges ahead. JRC Science for Policy Report. https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC112593/kjna29292enn.pdf Erişim: 27 Temmuz 2023.
  • Avrupa Komisyonu. (2018b). Report on the results of the Public Consultation: Vision for a long-term EU strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://climate.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2019-02/report_en.pdf
  • Avrupa Komisyonu. (2020a). Allocation method for the Just Transition Fund. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/QANDA_20_66
  • Avrupa Komisyonu. (2020b). Overview of Investment Guidance on the Just Transition Fund 2021-2027 per Member State (Annex D) .
  • Avrupa Komisyonu. (2021). The Recovery and Resilience Facility. https://commission.europa.eu/business-economy-euro/economic-recovery/recovery-and-resilience-facility_en Erişim: 27 Temmuz 2023.
  • Blazejczak, J., Braun, F.G., Edler, D., Schill, W-P. (2014). Economic effects of renewable energy expansion: A model-based analysis for Germany. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 40, Pages 1070-1080, ISSN 1364-0321.
  • Borbonus, S. (2017). Generating socio-economic values from renewable energies: An overview of questions and assessment methods. IASS Working Paper, (July 2017).
  • Carbon Tracker Initiative (CTI) (2022). Unburnable Carbon: Ten Years On. Erişim: https://carbontracker.org/reports/unburnable-carbon-ten-years-on/
  • Garcia-Casals, X., Ferroukhi, R. & Parajuli, B. (2019). Measuring the socio-economic footprint of the energy transition. Energy Transitions, 3(1–2), 105–118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41825-019-00018-6
  • Garrett-Peltier, H. (2017). Green versus brown: Comparing the employment impacts of energy efficiency, renewable energy, and fossil fuels using an input-output model. Economic Modelling, Elsevier, 61(C), 439–47.
  • IEA (2023a). CO2 Emissions in 2022. https://www.iea.org/reports/co2-emissions-in-2022 Erişim: 21 Temmuz 2023.
  • IEA (2023b). Fossil Fuels Consumption Subsidies 2022. https://www.iea.org/reports/fossil-fuels-consumption-subsidies-2022 Erişim: 27 Temmuz 2023.
  • IEA (2023c). World energy outlook 2022. International Energy Agency: Paris, France.
  • ILO (2015). Guidelines for a just transition towards environmentally sustainable economies and societies for all. Publications of the International Labour Office.
  • ILO (n.d.). Decent work. Retrieved from https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/decent-work/lang--en/index.htm ITUC (2016). Just Transition Centre. https://www.ituc-csi.org/intro-jcc Erişim: 27 Temmuz 2023.
  • Kapetaki, Z., Ruiz Castello, P., Armani, R., Bodis, K., Fahl, F., Gonzalez Aparicio, I., Jaeger-Waldau, A., Lebedeva, N., Pinedo Pascua, I., Scarlat, N., Taylor, N., Telsnig, T., Uihlein, A., Vazquez Hernandez, C. and Zangheri, P. (2020). Clean energy technologies in coal regions, Kapetaki, Z. editor(s), Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2020, ISBN 978-92-76-10356-1, doi:10.2760/384605, JRC117938.
  • O’Sullivan, M., ve Edler, D. (2020). Gross Employment Effects in the Renewable Energy Industry in Germany—An Input–Output Analysis from 2000 to 2018. Sustainability 12, no. 15: 6163. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12156163
  • Pollitt, H., Lee, S., Park, S-J., Ueta, K. (2014). An economic and environmental assessment of future electricity generation mixes in Japan—an assessment using the E3MG macro-econometric model. Energy Policy (Elsevier) 67:243–254.
  • REN21 (2015). Renewables 2015 Global Status Report, Available at: https://www.ren21.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/GSR2015_Full-Report_English.pdf
  • REN21 (2020). Renewables 2020 Global Status Report, Available at: https://www.ren21.net/gsr-2020/ Erişim: 27 Temmuz 2023.
  • Sharma, M. (2017). Radical Transformational Leadership: Strategic Action for Change Agents. North Atlantic Books. ISBN: 9781583948958.
  • The Scottish Government. (2020, September 7). Just Transitions: a comparative perspective. https://www.gov.scot/publications/transitions-comparative-perspective/pages/3/ Erişim: 9 Ağustos 2024
  • Widuto, A. (2019). EU support for coal regions. EPRS.
  • https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2019/642217/EPRS_BRI(2019)642217_EN.pdf Erişim: 9 Ağustos 2024.
  • WWF (2023). Summary Report: Territorial Just Transition Plan Scoreboard Assessment. https://www.wwf.eu/?9036866/Territorial-Just-Transition-Plan-Scorecard-Assessment Erişim: 27 Temmuz 2023.

Adil Geçişi Planlamak: Yeşil Dönüşümü Adil Kılmak İçin Bir Çerçeve Önerisi

Year 2024, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 160 - 182, 11.09.2024

Abstract

“Adil Geçiş”, küresel iklim felaketine karşı yeşil ve sürdürülebilir bir ekonomik dönüşümü sağlama planlaması içerisinde toplumların refahını, hakkaniyetli ve kapsayıcı bir şekilde sağlamayı amaçlayan kamucu bir politika çerçevesi olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Adil Geçiş politika çerçevesinin detaylı bir dökümünü içerirken aynı zamanda başta Avrupa Birliği’nin Adil Geçiş Mekanizması olmak üzere hayata geçirilmeye başlanmış Adil Geçiş süreçlerine ışık tutmaktadır. Deneyimlenen süreçlerden de anlaşıldığı üzere adil bir geçiş sürecinin yeşil dönüşüm kapsamında gerçekleştirilebilmesi ve kamusal yararı gözeterek eyleme geçilmesi için toplumun, sivil toplum örgütlerinin, sendikaların ve devletin işbirliği, planlama, finansman yeterliliği gibi pek çok faktörün hassas ve dengeli bir uyumla bir araya gelmesi gerekmektedir. Adil Geçiş sürecinin başarılı olabilmesi için her bölgeye uygun tek bir yol ya da formül bulunmamaktadır. Ülkeler, kendi politika araçlarını ve düzenlemelerini yine kendi iktisadi ve sosyo-kültürel koşullarına dayanarak üretmeli ve hayata geçirmelidir.

Ethical Statement

Makalede açıklanan araştırmada insan denekleri kullanılmadığı için etik kurul onayı alınmamıştır.

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Project Number

123K509 No'lu TÜBİTAK 1001 Projesi

Thanks

Bu araştırma 123K509 No'lu TÜBİTAK 1001 Projesi tarafından desteklenmiştir. Desteği için TÜBİTAK'a teşekkür ederiz.

References

  • Avcı, D., Acar, S., Adaman, F., Uncu, B.A. (2022). Net Sıfıra Giden Yolda Adil Dönüşüm İçin Yol Haritası [A Roadmap for Just Transition on the Road to Net Zero Emissions]. WWF-Türkiye Raporu. https://www.wwf.org.tr/?13101/Net-Sifira-Giden-Yolda-Adil-Donusum Erişim: 27 Temmuz 2023.
  • Avrupa Komisyonu. (2018a). EU coal regions: opportunities and challenges ahead. JRC Science for Policy Report. https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC112593/kjna29292enn.pdf Erişim: 27 Temmuz 2023.
  • Avrupa Komisyonu. (2018b). Report on the results of the Public Consultation: Vision for a long-term EU strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://climate.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2019-02/report_en.pdf
  • Avrupa Komisyonu. (2020a). Allocation method for the Just Transition Fund. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/QANDA_20_66
  • Avrupa Komisyonu. (2020b). Overview of Investment Guidance on the Just Transition Fund 2021-2027 per Member State (Annex D) .
  • Avrupa Komisyonu. (2021). The Recovery and Resilience Facility. https://commission.europa.eu/business-economy-euro/economic-recovery/recovery-and-resilience-facility_en Erişim: 27 Temmuz 2023.
  • Blazejczak, J., Braun, F.G., Edler, D., Schill, W-P. (2014). Economic effects of renewable energy expansion: A model-based analysis for Germany. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 40, Pages 1070-1080, ISSN 1364-0321.
  • Borbonus, S. (2017). Generating socio-economic values from renewable energies: An overview of questions and assessment methods. IASS Working Paper, (July 2017).
  • Carbon Tracker Initiative (CTI) (2022). Unburnable Carbon: Ten Years On. Erişim: https://carbontracker.org/reports/unburnable-carbon-ten-years-on/
  • Garcia-Casals, X., Ferroukhi, R. & Parajuli, B. (2019). Measuring the socio-economic footprint of the energy transition. Energy Transitions, 3(1–2), 105–118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41825-019-00018-6
  • Garrett-Peltier, H. (2017). Green versus brown: Comparing the employment impacts of energy efficiency, renewable energy, and fossil fuels using an input-output model. Economic Modelling, Elsevier, 61(C), 439–47.
  • IEA (2023a). CO2 Emissions in 2022. https://www.iea.org/reports/co2-emissions-in-2022 Erişim: 21 Temmuz 2023.
  • IEA (2023b). Fossil Fuels Consumption Subsidies 2022. https://www.iea.org/reports/fossil-fuels-consumption-subsidies-2022 Erişim: 27 Temmuz 2023.
  • IEA (2023c). World energy outlook 2022. International Energy Agency: Paris, France.
  • ILO (2015). Guidelines for a just transition towards environmentally sustainable economies and societies for all. Publications of the International Labour Office.
  • ILO (n.d.). Decent work. Retrieved from https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/decent-work/lang--en/index.htm ITUC (2016). Just Transition Centre. https://www.ituc-csi.org/intro-jcc Erişim: 27 Temmuz 2023.
  • Kapetaki, Z., Ruiz Castello, P., Armani, R., Bodis, K., Fahl, F., Gonzalez Aparicio, I., Jaeger-Waldau, A., Lebedeva, N., Pinedo Pascua, I., Scarlat, N., Taylor, N., Telsnig, T., Uihlein, A., Vazquez Hernandez, C. and Zangheri, P. (2020). Clean energy technologies in coal regions, Kapetaki, Z. editor(s), Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2020, ISBN 978-92-76-10356-1, doi:10.2760/384605, JRC117938.
  • O’Sullivan, M., ve Edler, D. (2020). Gross Employment Effects in the Renewable Energy Industry in Germany—An Input–Output Analysis from 2000 to 2018. Sustainability 12, no. 15: 6163. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12156163
  • Pollitt, H., Lee, S., Park, S-J., Ueta, K. (2014). An economic and environmental assessment of future electricity generation mixes in Japan—an assessment using the E3MG macro-econometric model. Energy Policy (Elsevier) 67:243–254.
  • REN21 (2015). Renewables 2015 Global Status Report, Available at: https://www.ren21.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/GSR2015_Full-Report_English.pdf
  • REN21 (2020). Renewables 2020 Global Status Report, Available at: https://www.ren21.net/gsr-2020/ Erişim: 27 Temmuz 2023.
  • Sharma, M. (2017). Radical Transformational Leadership: Strategic Action for Change Agents. North Atlantic Books. ISBN: 9781583948958.
  • The Scottish Government. (2020, September 7). Just Transitions: a comparative perspective. https://www.gov.scot/publications/transitions-comparative-perspective/pages/3/ Erişim: 9 Ağustos 2024
  • Widuto, A. (2019). EU support for coal regions. EPRS.
  • https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2019/642217/EPRS_BRI(2019)642217_EN.pdf Erişim: 9 Ağustos 2024.
  • WWF (2023). Summary Report: Territorial Just Transition Plan Scoreboard Assessment. https://www.wwf.eu/?9036866/Territorial-Just-Transition-Plan-Scorecard-Assessment Erişim: 27 Temmuz 2023.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Employment, Policy of Treasury
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Can Portakal This is me 0009-0007-2542-911X

Işılsu Tamcı This is me 0009-0002-2042-7899

Sevil Acar 0000-0001-5535-8673

Project Number 123K509 No'lu TÜBİTAK 1001 Projesi
Publication Date September 11, 2024
Submission Date June 26, 2024
Acceptance Date August 23, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 13 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Portakal, C., Tamcı, I., & Acar, S. (2024). Adil Geçişi Planlamak: Yeşil Dönüşümü Adil Kılmak İçin Bir Çerçeve Önerisi. Ekonomi-Tek, 13(2), 160-182.