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Sınıf Öğretmen Adayların Çevre Sorunlarına Yönelik Farkındalık Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi

Year 2022, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 116 - 127, 29.04.2022

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı sınıf öğretmen adaylarının çevre sorunlarına yönelik farkındalıkları tespit etmek ve çevre sorunlarına yönelik farkındalıklarını cinsiyet, yaş, yurtta kalma, evcil hayvan besleme, çevre etkinliğine ve projelerine katılma durumuna göre incelemektir. Araştırmanın yöntemi ilişkisel tarama modelidir. Araştırmaya 269 sınıf öğretmen adayı katılmıştır. Araştırmada veriler, "çevre sorunlarına yönelik farkındalık ölçeği" kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın analizinde t-testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) ile betimsel istatistikler kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada; sınıf öğretmen adaylarının çevre sorunlarına yönelik farkındalıklarının orta düzeyde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çevre sorunlarına yönelik farkındalık toplam puanları ile cinsiyet, yaş, yurtta kalma, evcil hayvan besleme, çevre etkinliğine ve projelerine katılma durumu arasında anlamlı bir farkın olmadığı; buna karşın çevre sorunlarına yönelik farkındalıklarının bazı alt boyutları ile evcil hayvan besleme ve cinsiyet değişkeni arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir farkın olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bulgular, çevre sorunlarına yönelik farkındalıkların arttırılması gerektiğini ve çevreci davranışların benimsenmesinin teşvik edilebileceğini göstermektedir.

References

  • Alpak Tunç, G. (2016). Investigation of prospective science teachers’ ethical approach towards environment with attitudes towards sustainable environment [Unpublished Master Thesis]. Adnan Menderes University.
  • Alpak Tunç, G. & Yenice, N. (2017). An analysis of pre-service science teachers’ moral considerations about environment and their attitudes towards sustainable environment. International Electronic Journal of Environmental Education,7, 17-33.
  • Arora, N.K., Fatima, K., Mishra, I., Verma, M. & Mishra, J. (2018). Environmental sustainability: challenges and viable solutions. Environmental Sustainability, 1, 309–340. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42398-018-00038-w
  • Arslan, K. & Kızıldağ, A. (2018). Examination of environmental awareness of university students in terms of various variables. The Journal of Academic Social Science, 6(84) 175-192.
  • Aydede Yalçın, M. N. & Çaycı, B. (2018). Investigation of the environmental awareness of pre-service teachers in terms of socio-demographic characteristics. Trakya Journal of Education, 8(3), 578-590.
  • Aydoğdu, M. & Gezer, K., (2007). Environmental science. Anı Publishing.
  • Baykal, H. & Baykal, T. (2008). Environmental problems in a globalized. Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 5(9), 1-17.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2011). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı [Manual of data analysis for social sciences] (13th ed.). Pegem Akademi Publishing.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F., (2013). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri [Scientific research methods] (14th ed.). Pegem Akademi Publishing.
  • Çepel, N., (1992). Doğa-çevre-ekoloji ve insanlığın ekolojik sorunları [Nature-environment-ecology and ecological problems of humanity] (1. Baskı). Altın Kitaplar Publishing.
  • Çepni, S. (2012). Araştırma ve proje çalışmalarına giriş [Introduction to research and project work] (6th .ed.). Celepler Printing Press.
  • Chauhan, B. S. (2008). Environmental studies. University Science Press.
  • Demirbaş, M. & Pektaş, H. M. (2009). Elementary students’ levels of realization of basic concepts related with environment problem. Necatibey Faculty of Education Electronic Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 3(2), 195-211.
  • Deniş, H. & Genç, H. (2007). Comparison of the attitudes towards the environment and their achievements in the environmental science course of primary school teachers who take and do not take environmental science courses. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Education Faculty, 13, 20-26.
  • Doğan, İ. & Purutçuoğlu, E. (2017). The determination of the environmental awareness levels of social workers and their attitudes towards the environment. The Journal of Turkish Social Research, 21(2), 389-405.
  • Doğan, Y., Saraç, E. & Çiçek, Ö. (2017). Perceptions of middle school students about environmental problems, and their causes and solutions. International Journal of Eurasia Social Sciences, 8(29), 787-804.
  • Durac, L. (2020). Education as an element enhancing individual and collective awareness of the need to preserve the environment. Present Envıronment and Sustaınable Development, 14(1), 79-88. https://doi.org/10.15551/pesd2020141006
  • Ercengiz, M., Keçeci Kurt, S. & Polat, S. (2014). Analysis of teacher candidates’ sensitivity on environmental problems (The example of Ağrı). EKEV Academy Journal, 18(59), 119-132. Ergin, D.Y. (2019). Environmental awareness of teacher candidates. World Journal of Education, 9(1), 152-161. https://doi.org/10.5430/wje.v9n1p152
  • Erol, G. H., & Gezer, K. (2006). Attitudes of primary school teacher candidates towards the environment and environmental problems. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 1(1), 65–77.
  • Güneş, T., Alat, K. & Gözüm, A.İ.C. (2013). Renewable energy sources attitude scale for science teachers: validity and reliability study. Journal of Educational Science Research, 3(2), 269-289.
  • Güney, E. (2002). Genel çevre kirlenmesi [General environmental pollution]. Çantay Bookstore.
  • Güven, E. & Aydoğdu, M. (2012). Development of an awareness scale and determination of teacher candidates’ awareness levels regarding environmental problems. Journal of Teacher Education and Educators, 1(2), 185-202.
  • Kadıoğlu Ateş, H. & Işık Öner, A. (2020). Investigation of preservice teacher awareness levels for environmental problems. The Journal of Kesit f Academy, 6(24), 126-144.
  • Kahraman, S., Yalçın, M., Özkan, E. & Aggül, F. (2008). Comparison of pre service science teachers creativity who are in different instruction processes according to gender and type of graduated high school. Gazi University Journal of Gazi Education Faculty, 28(3), 249-263.
  • Kahyaoğlu, M., Daban, Ş. & Yangın, S. (2008). Attitudes of primary candidate teachers about environmental. Dicle University Journal of Ziya Gökalp Faculty of Education, 11, 42-52.
  • Karadağ, Y. & Acar, F. (2020). An analysis about social studies prospective teachers' awereness levels on environmental problems. International Journal of New Approaches in Social Studies, 4(1), 62-78.
  • Karahan, K., Görgün, B. & Oktay, A. (2017). Levels of university students' green marketing and environmental awareness: firat university sampling. Journal of Harput Studies, 4(2), 57-76.
  • Karasar, N. (2015). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi- kavramlar, ilkeler, teknikler [Scientific research method - concepts, principles, techniques] (20th ed.). Nobel Publication Distribution.
  • Kaya, M. F. (2014). Social studies teachers' perceptions related to environmental problems: a sample analysis of metaphors. Turkish Studies, 9(2), 917-931. https://doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.6308
  • Kayalı, H. (2010). Social studies, Turkish and classroom teacher candidates attitudes towards environmental issues. Marmara Geographical Review, 21, 258-268.
  • Kıvrak, A. H. (2018). Determination of the mental models towards environmental pollution of primary school fourth grade [Unpublished Master Thesis]. Kastamonu University.
  • Korhonen, K. & Lappalainen, A. (2004). Examining the environmental awareness of children and adolescents in the Ranomafana region, madagascar. Environmental Education Research, 10(2), 195-216. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504620242000198177
  • Okur Berberoğlu, E. & Uygun, S. (2012). Checking over relationship between environmental awareness and environmental attitudes by structural equation modelling. Journal of Uludag University Faculty of Education, 25 (2), 459-473.
  • Oweini, A. & Houri, A. (2006). Factors affecting environmental knowledge and attitudes among Lebanese college students. Applied Environmental Education and Communication, 5, 95-105.
  • Öcal, T. (2013). Determination of the attitudes of prospective social studies teachers towards environmental problems Marmara Geographical Review, 27, 333-352.
  • Önder, R. (2015). Primary school students' attitudes towards environment. Karabük University Journal of Institute of Social Sciences/JOISS, 5(1), 115-124.
  • Özdemir, A. & Yapıcı, E. (2010). The comparison of awareness and concern levels oriented towards environmental problems of prospective teachers. Journal of Anatolian Natural Science, 1(1), 48-56.
  • Özdemir, O., Yıldız, A., Ocaktan, E. & Sarışen Ö. (2004). Awareness and sensibility levels of medical students. Journal of Ankara University Faculty Medicine, 57(3), 117-127.
  • Özgel, Z. T., Aydoğdu, M. & Güven Yıldırım, E. (2018). Impact of nature camp-assisted environmental education on awareness and attitude towards environmental problems. Ihlara Journal of Education Research, 3(2), 90-106.
  • Öztarakçı, D. (2019). Environment friendly behaviors and environmental identity of pre-service teachers [Unpublished Master Thesis]. Balıkesir University.
  • Pereira, R., Pinho, R., Lopes, L., Antunes, S. C., Abrantes, N. & Gonçalves, F. (2006). Helping teachers to use urban natural areas for science teaching and environmental education. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 15(11), 1467-1473.
  • Petersen, J.E., Shunturov, V., Janda, K., Platt, G. & Weinberger, K., (2007). Dormitory residents reduce electricity consumption when exposed to real-time visual feedback and incentives. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 8(1), 16-33.
  • Pınar, E. & Yakışan, M. (2017). Analysis of drawings on environmental concepts of the primary school students. Trakya University Journal of Education, 8(1), 97-113.
  • Sağsöz, G. & Doğanay, G. (2019). Analysing the opinions of primary school students’ on the environment and environmental problems; example of Giresun province, Turkey. Anadolu University Journal of Education Faculty, 3(1), 1-20.
  • Seçgin, F., Yalvaç, G. & Çetin, T. (2010, November 11-13). Perceptions of 8th grade students on environmental problems through cartoons. International Conference on New Trends in Education and Their Implications. Antalya-Türkiye.
  • Sidekli, S. & Aktay, S. (2017). The awareness of preservice teachers in primary school education department on environmental problems. International Electronic Journal of Environmental Education, 7(2), 152-166.
  • Şeker, F. & Aydinli, B. (2022). A Trial Patch to Sustainable Development. Sci & Educ, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11191-021-00315-x
  • Tabachnick, B.G. & Fidell, L.S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (6th ed.). Pearson.
  • Talas, M. & Karataş, A., (2012). The importance of community service practices course in improving environmental awareness: The example of Nigde University faculty of education. Journal of World of Turks, 4(1), 107-124.
  • Tamam, İ., Yürekli, M.V., Başaran, Ö. & Uskun, E., (2017). Awareness towards environmental problems and environmental attitudes of medical students. Smyrna Med Case Journal, 1, 8-17.
  • Yalçınkaya, E. (2012). The levels of primary 6th grade students’ awareness of environmental issues. Marmara Geographical Review, 25, 137–151.
  • Yapıcı, E. (2009). Comparation of awareness and concern levels oriented towards environmental problems of prospective teachers [Unpublished Master Thesis]. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi.
  • Yıldırım, C., Bacanak, A. & Özsoy, S. (2012). Pre-service teachers’ sensibilities towards environmental problems. Kastamonu Education Journal, 20(1), 121-134.
  • Yıldız, K., Sipahioğlu, Ş. & Yılmaz, M., (2005). Environmental science. Daytime Education and Publishing.
  • Yılmaz, R. (2009). Investigation on the environmental consciousness level in edirne and its relations with socio-economic structures. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 6(1), 79-92.
  • Vatansever Bayraktar, H. & Fırat, T. (2020). Environmental awareness of primary school students. Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences Research, 7(55), 172.

Investigation of Awareness on Environmental Problems of Primary School Teacher Candidates

Year 2022, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 116 - 127, 29.04.2022

Abstract

The aim of this study is to determine the awareness of primary school teacher candidates about environmental problems and to examine their awareness of environmental problems according to gender, age, staying at a dorm, keeping pets, participating in environmental activities and projects. The method of the research is correlational survey model. In the research, 269 primary school teacher candidates are participated. The data in the study were collected using the "Awareness Scale on Environmental Problems". In the analysis of the research, t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and descriptive statistics were used. In the study, it has been determined that primary school teacher candidates' awareness of environmental problems is at a moderate level. There is no significant difference between the total scores of awareness of environmental problems and gender, age, staying at a dorm, keeping pets, participating in environmental activities and projects. On the other hand, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between some sub-dimensions of awareness of environmental problems and the variable of keeping pets and gender. The findings show that awareness of environmental problems should be increased and the adoption of environmental behaviors can be encouraged.

References

  • Alpak Tunç, G. (2016). Investigation of prospective science teachers’ ethical approach towards environment with attitudes towards sustainable environment [Unpublished Master Thesis]. Adnan Menderes University.
  • Alpak Tunç, G. & Yenice, N. (2017). An analysis of pre-service science teachers’ moral considerations about environment and their attitudes towards sustainable environment. International Electronic Journal of Environmental Education,7, 17-33.
  • Arora, N.K., Fatima, K., Mishra, I., Verma, M. & Mishra, J. (2018). Environmental sustainability: challenges and viable solutions. Environmental Sustainability, 1, 309–340. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42398-018-00038-w
  • Arslan, K. & Kızıldağ, A. (2018). Examination of environmental awareness of university students in terms of various variables. The Journal of Academic Social Science, 6(84) 175-192.
  • Aydede Yalçın, M. N. & Çaycı, B. (2018). Investigation of the environmental awareness of pre-service teachers in terms of socio-demographic characteristics. Trakya Journal of Education, 8(3), 578-590.
  • Aydoğdu, M. & Gezer, K., (2007). Environmental science. Anı Publishing.
  • Baykal, H. & Baykal, T. (2008). Environmental problems in a globalized. Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 5(9), 1-17.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2011). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı [Manual of data analysis for social sciences] (13th ed.). Pegem Akademi Publishing.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F., (2013). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri [Scientific research methods] (14th ed.). Pegem Akademi Publishing.
  • Çepel, N., (1992). Doğa-çevre-ekoloji ve insanlığın ekolojik sorunları [Nature-environment-ecology and ecological problems of humanity] (1. Baskı). Altın Kitaplar Publishing.
  • Çepni, S. (2012). Araştırma ve proje çalışmalarına giriş [Introduction to research and project work] (6th .ed.). Celepler Printing Press.
  • Chauhan, B. S. (2008). Environmental studies. University Science Press.
  • Demirbaş, M. & Pektaş, H. M. (2009). Elementary students’ levels of realization of basic concepts related with environment problem. Necatibey Faculty of Education Electronic Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 3(2), 195-211.
  • Deniş, H. & Genç, H. (2007). Comparison of the attitudes towards the environment and their achievements in the environmental science course of primary school teachers who take and do not take environmental science courses. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Education Faculty, 13, 20-26.
  • Doğan, İ. & Purutçuoğlu, E. (2017). The determination of the environmental awareness levels of social workers and their attitudes towards the environment. The Journal of Turkish Social Research, 21(2), 389-405.
  • Doğan, Y., Saraç, E. & Çiçek, Ö. (2017). Perceptions of middle school students about environmental problems, and their causes and solutions. International Journal of Eurasia Social Sciences, 8(29), 787-804.
  • Durac, L. (2020). Education as an element enhancing individual and collective awareness of the need to preserve the environment. Present Envıronment and Sustaınable Development, 14(1), 79-88. https://doi.org/10.15551/pesd2020141006
  • Ercengiz, M., Keçeci Kurt, S. & Polat, S. (2014). Analysis of teacher candidates’ sensitivity on environmental problems (The example of Ağrı). EKEV Academy Journal, 18(59), 119-132. Ergin, D.Y. (2019). Environmental awareness of teacher candidates. World Journal of Education, 9(1), 152-161. https://doi.org/10.5430/wje.v9n1p152
  • Erol, G. H., & Gezer, K. (2006). Attitudes of primary school teacher candidates towards the environment and environmental problems. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 1(1), 65–77.
  • Güneş, T., Alat, K. & Gözüm, A.İ.C. (2013). Renewable energy sources attitude scale for science teachers: validity and reliability study. Journal of Educational Science Research, 3(2), 269-289.
  • Güney, E. (2002). Genel çevre kirlenmesi [General environmental pollution]. Çantay Bookstore.
  • Güven, E. & Aydoğdu, M. (2012). Development of an awareness scale and determination of teacher candidates’ awareness levels regarding environmental problems. Journal of Teacher Education and Educators, 1(2), 185-202.
  • Kadıoğlu Ateş, H. & Işık Öner, A. (2020). Investigation of preservice teacher awareness levels for environmental problems. The Journal of Kesit f Academy, 6(24), 126-144.
  • Kahraman, S., Yalçın, M., Özkan, E. & Aggül, F. (2008). Comparison of pre service science teachers creativity who are in different instruction processes according to gender and type of graduated high school. Gazi University Journal of Gazi Education Faculty, 28(3), 249-263.
  • Kahyaoğlu, M., Daban, Ş. & Yangın, S. (2008). Attitudes of primary candidate teachers about environmental. Dicle University Journal of Ziya Gökalp Faculty of Education, 11, 42-52.
  • Karadağ, Y. & Acar, F. (2020). An analysis about social studies prospective teachers' awereness levels on environmental problems. International Journal of New Approaches in Social Studies, 4(1), 62-78.
  • Karahan, K., Görgün, B. & Oktay, A. (2017). Levels of university students' green marketing and environmental awareness: firat university sampling. Journal of Harput Studies, 4(2), 57-76.
  • Karasar, N. (2015). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi- kavramlar, ilkeler, teknikler [Scientific research method - concepts, principles, techniques] (20th ed.). Nobel Publication Distribution.
  • Kaya, M. F. (2014). Social studies teachers' perceptions related to environmental problems: a sample analysis of metaphors. Turkish Studies, 9(2), 917-931. https://doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.6308
  • Kayalı, H. (2010). Social studies, Turkish and classroom teacher candidates attitudes towards environmental issues. Marmara Geographical Review, 21, 258-268.
  • Kıvrak, A. H. (2018). Determination of the mental models towards environmental pollution of primary school fourth grade [Unpublished Master Thesis]. Kastamonu University.
  • Korhonen, K. & Lappalainen, A. (2004). Examining the environmental awareness of children and adolescents in the Ranomafana region, madagascar. Environmental Education Research, 10(2), 195-216. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504620242000198177
  • Okur Berberoğlu, E. & Uygun, S. (2012). Checking over relationship between environmental awareness and environmental attitudes by structural equation modelling. Journal of Uludag University Faculty of Education, 25 (2), 459-473.
  • Oweini, A. & Houri, A. (2006). Factors affecting environmental knowledge and attitudes among Lebanese college students. Applied Environmental Education and Communication, 5, 95-105.
  • Öcal, T. (2013). Determination of the attitudes of prospective social studies teachers towards environmental problems Marmara Geographical Review, 27, 333-352.
  • Önder, R. (2015). Primary school students' attitudes towards environment. Karabük University Journal of Institute of Social Sciences/JOISS, 5(1), 115-124.
  • Özdemir, A. & Yapıcı, E. (2010). The comparison of awareness and concern levels oriented towards environmental problems of prospective teachers. Journal of Anatolian Natural Science, 1(1), 48-56.
  • Özdemir, O., Yıldız, A., Ocaktan, E. & Sarışen Ö. (2004). Awareness and sensibility levels of medical students. Journal of Ankara University Faculty Medicine, 57(3), 117-127.
  • Özgel, Z. T., Aydoğdu, M. & Güven Yıldırım, E. (2018). Impact of nature camp-assisted environmental education on awareness and attitude towards environmental problems. Ihlara Journal of Education Research, 3(2), 90-106.
  • Öztarakçı, D. (2019). Environment friendly behaviors and environmental identity of pre-service teachers [Unpublished Master Thesis]. Balıkesir University.
  • Pereira, R., Pinho, R., Lopes, L., Antunes, S. C., Abrantes, N. & Gonçalves, F. (2006). Helping teachers to use urban natural areas for science teaching and environmental education. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 15(11), 1467-1473.
  • Petersen, J.E., Shunturov, V., Janda, K., Platt, G. & Weinberger, K., (2007). Dormitory residents reduce electricity consumption when exposed to real-time visual feedback and incentives. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 8(1), 16-33.
  • Pınar, E. & Yakışan, M. (2017). Analysis of drawings on environmental concepts of the primary school students. Trakya University Journal of Education, 8(1), 97-113.
  • Sağsöz, G. & Doğanay, G. (2019). Analysing the opinions of primary school students’ on the environment and environmental problems; example of Giresun province, Turkey. Anadolu University Journal of Education Faculty, 3(1), 1-20.
  • Seçgin, F., Yalvaç, G. & Çetin, T. (2010, November 11-13). Perceptions of 8th grade students on environmental problems through cartoons. International Conference on New Trends in Education and Their Implications. Antalya-Türkiye.
  • Sidekli, S. & Aktay, S. (2017). The awareness of preservice teachers in primary school education department on environmental problems. International Electronic Journal of Environmental Education, 7(2), 152-166.
  • Şeker, F. & Aydinli, B. (2022). A Trial Patch to Sustainable Development. Sci & Educ, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11191-021-00315-x
  • Tabachnick, B.G. & Fidell, L.S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (6th ed.). Pearson.
  • Talas, M. & Karataş, A., (2012). The importance of community service practices course in improving environmental awareness: The example of Nigde University faculty of education. Journal of World of Turks, 4(1), 107-124.
  • Tamam, İ., Yürekli, M.V., Başaran, Ö. & Uskun, E., (2017). Awareness towards environmental problems and environmental attitudes of medical students. Smyrna Med Case Journal, 1, 8-17.
  • Yalçınkaya, E. (2012). The levels of primary 6th grade students’ awareness of environmental issues. Marmara Geographical Review, 25, 137–151.
  • Yapıcı, E. (2009). Comparation of awareness and concern levels oriented towards environmental problems of prospective teachers [Unpublished Master Thesis]. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi.
  • Yıldırım, C., Bacanak, A. & Özsoy, S. (2012). Pre-service teachers’ sensibilities towards environmental problems. Kastamonu Education Journal, 20(1), 121-134.
  • Yıldız, K., Sipahioğlu, Ş. & Yılmaz, M., (2005). Environmental science. Daytime Education and Publishing.
  • Yılmaz, R. (2009). Investigation on the environmental consciousness level in edirne and its relations with socio-economic structures. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 6(1), 79-92.
  • Vatansever Bayraktar, H. & Fırat, T. (2020). Environmental awareness of primary school students. Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences Research, 7(55), 172.
There are 56 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Studies on Education
Journal Section Article
Authors

Fatih Şeker 0000-0003-0427-9208

Hakan Sert This is me 0000-0001-8912-0268

Publication Date April 29, 2022
Submission Date July 9, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Şeker, F., & Sert, H. (2022). Investigation of Awareness on Environmental Problems of Primary School Teacher Candidates. Eğitim Kuram Ve Uygulama Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(1), 116-127.