Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Theory Of Planned Behavior And Entrepreneurship: A Qualitative Research on Entrepreneurs Working in ICT

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 275 - 303, 31.12.2022

Gulcan Ozbolat , Aslı Beyhan Acar

https://doi.org/10.46737/emid.1205829

Abstract

The research aims to identify the Theory of Planned Behavior components of entrepreneurs running their businesses in the information–communication–technology sector. Interviews of 10 entrepreneurs were analyzed in the MaxQda 22 program with content and discourse analysis. The codes are about individual attitudes toward entrepreneurship, subjective norms, self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intentions related to the literature. In contrast to the literature, three entrepreneurs mentioned collective efficacy when they discussed efficacy sources. It shows that entrepreneurship could be much more collective than individual. Another difference from the literature is that two of the ten entrepreneurs talked about feeling useful in the part of entrepreneurship intention in interviews. According to the literature, being useful is a kind of specialty as a social entrepreneur and is related to social exchange theory. It is critical to determine the Theory of Planned Behavior components, which are the fundamentals of entrepreneurial behavior, in a way that is consistent with Turkey’s cultural norms. These findings may contribute to the entrepreneurship literature and help to redefine entrepreneurship education.

Keywords: Entrepreneurship Behavior, Theory of Planned Behavior, Qualitative Research.

Keywords

Entrepreneurship Behavior Theory of Planned Behavior Qualitative Research.

References

  • KAYNAKÇA Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In Action control (pp. 11-39). Ed: Kuhl, J., & Beckmann, J. Action-control: From cognition to behavior. Heidelberg: Springer. 1st edition.
  • Ajzen, I. (1988). Attitudes, personality, and behavior. Chicago: Dorsey Press.
  • Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50 /2, 179-211.
  • Ajzen, I. (2002). Perceived behavioral control, self-efficacy, locus of control, and the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(4), 665–683.
  • Arıkan, Selma. (2009). Collective efficacy and organizational effectiveness: Antecedents and consequences (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Marmara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M., (2001). Efficacy of the theory of planned behaviour: A meta‐analytic review. British journal of social psychology, 40(4), 471-499.
  • Assmann, D., & Ehrl, P. (2021). Individualistic culture and entrepreneurial opportunities. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 188, 1248-1268.
  • Bagozzi, R., Baumgartner, H., & Yi, Y. (1989). An investigation into the role of intentions as mediators of the attitude-behavior relationship. Journal of Economic Psychology 10:35–62.
  • Baluku, M.M., Kikooma, J.F. & Kibanja, G.M. (2016). Psychological capital and the startup capital entrepreneurial success relationship. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 28(1), pp. 27-54.
  • Bandura, A., (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control.New york: W. H. Freeman, 1st edition.
  • Bansal, P., & Corley, K. (2012) Publishing in AMJ—Part 7: What’s different about qualitative research?. Academy of management Journal, 55(3), 509-513.
  • Başkale, H. (2016). Nitel araştırmalarda geçerlik, güvenirlik ve örneklem büyüklüğünün belirlenmesi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 9(1), 23-28.
  • Baumol, W . J. (1996). Entrepreneurship, management and the structure of pay offs. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Berger, I. (2012). YouTube as a source of data. Psychology Postgraduate Affairs Group Quarterly, 83, 9-12.
  • Bird, B. (1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: The case for intentions. Academy of Management Review, 13, 442-454.
  • Boyd, N., & Vozikis, G. 1994 The influence of self-efficacy on the development of entrepreneurial intentions and actions. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 18(4), 63–77.
  • Bozkurt, Ö. Ç. (2014). Planlanmış davranış teorisi çerçevesinde öğrencilerin girişimci olma niyetlerinin incelenmesi. Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(1), 27-47.
  • Can Baysal A., (2004). Güdülenme 143-170. Ed.: Can Baysal A., & Tekarslan, E., Davranış Bilimleri, 4. Baskı, İstanbul: Avcıol Basım-Yayın. ISBN: 975-7429-43-0
  • Cambridge Dictionary, Girişimci, https://dictionary.cambridge.org/tr/sözlük/ingilizce/entrepreneur ehost 6 Ekim 2020
  • Cambridge Dictionary, Girişimcilik, https://dictionary.cambridge.org/tr/sözlük/ingilizce/entrepreneurship ehost 6 Ekim 2020
  • Carland, J. W., Hoy, F., Boulton, W. R., & Carland, J. A. C. (1984). Differentiating entrepreneurs from small business owners: A conceptualization. Academy of Management Review, 9 (2), 354-359.
  • Carsrud, A., & Brännback, M. (2011). Entrepreneurial motivations: what do we still need to know? Journal of small business management, 49(1), 9-26.
  • Cengizçetin, E., (2014). Çeşitli ülkeler ve türkiye’de iş yaratma ve bu bağlamda kamu istihdam kurumlarının rolü ve türkiye’de uygulanabilirliği. (Uzmanlık Tezi) T.C. Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı Türkiye İş Kurumu Müdürlüğü, Ankara.
  • Chell, E. (2013). Review of skill and the entrepreneurial process. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research. Vol. 19 No. 1, pp. 6-31.
  • Corbin, J. M., & Strauss, A. (1990). Grounded theory research: Procedures, canons, and evaluative criteria. Qualitative sociology, 13(1), 3-21. Corbin, J. Strauss (2008). Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques. 3rd edition, London: Sage.
  • Creswell, J.W. (1998). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Traditions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Creswell, J.W. (2003). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Davids, F. (2017). The theory of planned behaviour and the entrepreneurial event model as predictive models of entrepreneurial intention. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town.
  • Drucker, P. F., (2006) Innovation and entreperneurship, (Reprint edition). New York: HarperBusiness.
  • Durak, İ. (2011). Girişimciliği etkileyen çevresel faktörlerle ilgili girişimcilerin tutumları: bir alan araştırması. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(2), 191-213.
  • Eğilmez, M. (2012). İşsizlik nasıl hesaplanıyor?, Kendime yazılar, (Çevrimiçi) https://www.mahfiegilmez.com/2012/01/issizlik-nasl-hesaplanyor.html /eHost 29 Nisan 2022
  • Gartner, W. B. (1988). “Who is an entrepreneur?” is the wrong question. American journal of small business, 12(4), 11-32.
  • Güner, H., & Korkmaz, A., (2011) İstihdamın arttırılmasında girişimciliğin önemi: girişimcilik destekleme modeli olarak İŞGEM’LER . Çalışma İlişkileri Dergisi, sayı 2/1, s. 42-65. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/cider/issue/29524/316920
  • Fikir ve Sanat Eserleri Kanunu. T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Mevzuat Bilgi Sistemi, 5846 sayılı kanun, (Çevrimiçi) https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuatmetin/1.3.5846.pdf ehost 14.05.2022
  • Fillion, J. (1997). Entrepreneurship: Managers and small business owner managers in EC (No. 97). Working Paper.
  • Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I., (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison – Wesley.
  • Hackett, G., (1995). Self-efficacy in career choice and development. (Ed.) A. Bandura. Self-efficacy in changing societies. 1st. Edition. New York: Cambridge.
  • Heider, F. (1946). Attitudes and cognitive organization. The Journal of psychology, 21(1), 107-112.
  • Hofstede Insight Ülke Karşılaştırması, https://www.hofstede-insights.com/country-comparison/turkey/ ehost 13.05.2022
  • Holland, D.V., & Shepherd, D.A. (2013). Deciding to persist: Adversity, values, and entrepreneurs’ decision policies. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. 37(2): 331–358.
  • Karadeniz, E. (2011). Entrepreneurship in Turkey 2010: The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). Türkiye Odalar ve Borsalar Birliği (TOBB), Ankara.
  • Katz, J. A., & Gartner, W. B. (1988). Properties of emerging organizations. Academy of Management Review, 13, 429-441.
  • Kılıçaslan, Y., & Töngür, Ü. (2019). ICT and employment generation: evidence from Turkish manufacturing, Applied Economics Letters, 26:13, 1053-1057, DOI: 10.1080/13504851.2018.1529391
  • Krueger, N. (1993). The impact of prior entrepreneurial exposure on perceptions of new venture feasibility and desirability. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 18(1), 5-21.
  • Krueger Jr, N. F., & Brazeal, D. V. (1994) Entrepreneurial potential and potential entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 18(3), 91-104.
  • Krueger, N. F., & Carsrud, A. L. (1993). Entrepreneurial intentions: Applying the theory of planned behaviour. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 5(4), 315-330.
  • Krueger Jr, N., & Dickson, P. R. (1994). How believing in ourselves increases risk taking: Perceived self‐efficacy and opportunity recognition. Decision sciences, 25(3), 385-400.
  • Krueger Jr, N. F., Reilly, M. D., & Carsrud, A. L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(5-6), 411-432.
  • Kolvereid, L. (1996). Organizational employment versus self-employment: Reasons for career choice intentions. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 20(3), 23-31.
  • Kolvereid, L., & Isaksen, E. (2006). New business start-up and subsequent entry into self-employment. Journal of business venturing, 21(6), 866-885.
  • Lackéus, M. (2015). Entrepreneurship in Education. What, Why, When, How. Entrepreneurship 360 Background Paper. (Çevrimiçi) http://www.oecd.org/cfe/leed/BGP_Entrepreneurship-in- Education.pdf / ehost 7 Mayıs 2022
  • Liñán, F., Moriano, J. A., & Jaén, I. (2016). Individualism and entrepreneurship: Does the pattern depend on the social context?. International Small Business Journal, 34(6), 760-776.
  • Liñán, F. & Chen, Y.W. (2009). ‘Development and cross-cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions’, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 33, No. 3, pp.593–617.
  • Lortie, J., Castogiovanni, G. (2015). The theory of planned behavior in entrepreneurship research: what we know and future directions. International entrepreneurship and management journal, 11(4),935-957.
  • Luthans, F., Norman, S. M., & Jensen, S. M. (2007). The value of the psychological capital of immigrant entrepreneurs. International Journal of Business and Globalisation, 1(2), 161-175.
  • Madden, T. J., Ellen, P. S., & Ajzen, I. (1992). A comparison of the theory of planned behavior and the theory of reasoned action. Personality and social psychology Bulletin, 18(1), 3-9.
  • Moriano JA, Palací FJ., & Morales JF. (2007). The psychosocial profile of the university entrepreneur. Psychology in Spain (11): 72–84.
  • Neuman, W. Lawrence. (2014). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, 7th edition. Essex: Pearson. ISBN 13: 978-1-292-02023-5
  • Obschonka, M., Silbereisen, R. K., & Schmitt-Rodermund, E. (2010). Entrepreneurial intention as developmental outcome. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 77(1), 63-72.
  • Orta Vadeli Karar 2023-2025 (2022, 4 Eylül). Resmi Gazete (Sayı: 31943 (Mükerrer)) Erişim adresi: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/fihrist?tarih=2022-09-04&mukerrer=1
  • Osgood, C. E. (1952). The nature and measurement of meaning. Psychological bulletin, 49(3), 197.
  • Ouellette, J. A., & Wood, W. (1998). Habit and intention in everyday life: The multiple processes by which past behavior predicts future behavior. Psychological bulletin, 124(1), 54.
  • Petersen, A. W., Ward, T., Wehmeyer, C. & Revill, P. (2004). Towards a Comprehensive European level E-Skills Framework: ICT and e-business skills and training at sub-degree and vocational level in Europe, Thessaloniki: Cedefop.
  • Robinson, P. B., Stimpson, D. V., Huefner, J. C., & Hunt, H. K. (1991). An attitude approach to the prediction of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 15(4), 13-32.
  • Scheepers, D., & Ellemers, N., (2019). Social identity theory. Ed: Sassanberg K., Vliek M.L.W. In Social psychology in Action (pp. 23-37). Springer: Cham.
  • Shapero, A., & Sokol, L. (1982). The social dimensions of entrepreneurship. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign's Academy for Entrepreneurial Leadership Historical Research Reference in Entrepreneurship.
  • Shepperd, B. H., Hartwick, J., & Warshaw, P. R. (1988). The theory of reasoned action: A meta-analysis of past research with recommendations for modifications and future research. Journal of Consumer Research, (15) 325–343.
  • Singh G, & DeNoble A (2003). Early retirees as the next generation of entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 23:207–226.
  • Smith, M.B. (1968). Attitude change. International encyclopedia of social sciences. (s. 458 – 467). Crowell Collier and Mac Millan. Akt: Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç., Çemalcılar, Z. (2014). Dünden bugüne insan ve insanlar: Sosyal psikolojiye giriş. İstanbul: Evrim Yayınevi.
  • Soto-Simeone, A., & Kautonen, T. (2021). Senior entrepreneurship following unemployment: a social identity theory perspective. Review of Managerial Science, 15(6), 1683-1706.
  • Tajfel, H. (1978). Social categorization, social identity and social comparisons. In H. Tajfel (Ed.), Differentiation between social groups (pp. 61–76). London, UK: Academic Press.
  • Takım, A., (2015). Türkiye’de ekonomik büyüme ile işsizlik arasındaki ilişki: granger nedensellik testi. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, s.27. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/dpusbe/issue/4769/65618
  • Thompson, J. L. (2002). The world of the social entrepreneur. The International Journal of Public Sector Management, 15, 412-431.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Girişimcilik 2015-2017, (Çevrimiçi) http://tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=30847 /ehost 1 Ekim 2020
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Girişimcilik ve İş Demografisi 2020, (Çevrimiçi) https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Girisimcilik-ve-Is-Demografisi-2020-37187 /ehost 9 Ağustos 2022
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, İstatistikleri Kadın, 2021, (Çevrimiçi) https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Istatistiklerle-Kadin-2021-45635 / e host 22 Haziran 2022
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, İşgücü İstatistikleri Mikro Veri Seti, 2021 (Çevrimiçi), https://www.tuik.gov.tr/media/microdata/pdf/isgucu.pdf / ehost 14 Eylül 2022
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, İşgücü İstatistikleri Temmuz 2022, (Çevrimiçi) https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Isgucu-Istatistikleri-Subat-2022-45646 /ehost 14 Eylül 2022
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Tüketici Fiyat Endeksi, Haziran 2022, (Çevrimiçi) https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Tuketici-Fiyat-Endeksi-Haziran-2022-45795 /ehost 05 Temmuz 2022
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Yurtiçi Üretici Fiyat Endeksi, Haziran 2022, (Çevrimiçi) https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Yurt-Ici-Uretici-Fiyat-Endeksi-Haziran-2022-45855/ehost 05 Temmuz 2022
  • Türk Dil Kurumu TDK Güncel Türkçe Sözlük, “Girişimcilik” https://sozluk.gov.tr /ehost 6 Ekim 2020
  • Türk Dil Kurumu TDK Güncel Türkçe Sözlük, “Girişimci” https://sozluk.gov.tr /ehost 6 Ekim 2020
  • Vamvaka, V., Stoforos, C., Palaskas, T., & Botsaris, C. (2020). Attitude toward entrepreneurship, perceived behavioral control, and entrepreneurial intention: dimensionality, structural relationships, and gender differences. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 9(1), 1-26.
  • Van den Putte, B. (1993). Review of the theory of reasoned action. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Amsterdam.
  • Vardar, A. (2018) Girişimcilik Niyetine Etki Eden Değişkenlerin Planlanmış Davranış Teorisi Çerçevesinde Analizi: Açıköğretim Öğrencileri Üzerinde Bir Araştırma. Doctoral dissertation. Anadolu University (Turkey).
  • Yüksek Öğretim Kurumu, Yüksek öğretim bilgi yönetim sistemi, Türlerine göe mevcut üniversite sayısı, (çevrimiçi), https://istatistik.yok.gov.tr / ehost 1 Haziran 2022

PLANLANMIŞ DAVRANIŞ KURAMI VE GİRİŞİMCİLİK: TİB ALANINDA ÇALIŞAN GİRİŞİMCİLER İLE İLGİLİ NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 275 - 303, 31.12.2022

Gulcan Ozbolat , Aslı Beyhan Acar

https://doi.org/10.46737/emid.1205829

Abstract

Bu araştırma, bilgi – iletişim – teknoloji alanlarında faaliyet gösteren girişim kurucularının Planlanmış Davranış Kuramı bileşenleri kapsamında girişimcilik davranışını tanımlama amacındadır. Analizler için geçmiş yıllarda kurulmuş ve hala hayatına devam eden 10 girişimcinin röportajları söylem ve içerik analizleri ile MaxQda 22 programında incelenmiştir. Girişimciliğe yönelik bireysel tutumlar, öznel normlar, öz yeterlilik ve girişimcilik niyetleri yazın ile tutarlıdır. Üç girişimci yeterlilik hakkında konuşurken kolektif yeterlilikten bahsetmiştir. Bu durum, girişimciliğin düşünülenden daha kolektif bir yapıda olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. On girişimciden ikisinin ise girişimcilik niyetleri hakkındaki ifadeleri arasında faydalı olmaya yönelik söylemleri bulunmaktadır. Yapılan yazın taramasında, faydalı olmanın sosyal girişimcilik ve sosyal değişim kuramı ile ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Planlanmış davranış kuramı bileşenleri çerçevesinde girişimcilik davranışını, Türkiye özelinde ve ülkemiz kültürel normlarıyla tutarlı olacak şekilde tespit edilmesinin hem bu alandaki yazına hem de reel olarak işsizlik oranlarının düşürülmesine dolayısıyla nitelikli bireylerin artmasına fayda sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

Girişimcilik Davranışı Planlanmış Davranış Kuramı Nitel Araştırma.

References

  • KAYNAKÇA Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In Action control (pp. 11-39). Ed: Kuhl, J., & Beckmann, J. Action-control: From cognition to behavior. Heidelberg: Springer. 1st edition.
  • Ajzen, I. (1988). Attitudes, personality, and behavior. Chicago: Dorsey Press.
  • Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50 /2, 179-211.
  • Ajzen, I. (2002). Perceived behavioral control, self-efficacy, locus of control, and the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(4), 665–683.
  • Arıkan, Selma. (2009). Collective efficacy and organizational effectiveness: Antecedents and consequences (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Marmara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M., (2001). Efficacy of the theory of planned behaviour: A meta‐analytic review. British journal of social psychology, 40(4), 471-499.
  • Assmann, D., & Ehrl, P. (2021). Individualistic culture and entrepreneurial opportunities. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 188, 1248-1268.
  • Bagozzi, R., Baumgartner, H., & Yi, Y. (1989). An investigation into the role of intentions as mediators of the attitude-behavior relationship. Journal of Economic Psychology 10:35–62.
  • Baluku, M.M., Kikooma, J.F. & Kibanja, G.M. (2016). Psychological capital and the startup capital entrepreneurial success relationship. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 28(1), pp. 27-54.
  • Bandura, A., (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control.New york: W. H. Freeman, 1st edition.
  • Bansal, P., & Corley, K. (2012) Publishing in AMJ—Part 7: What’s different about qualitative research?. Academy of management Journal, 55(3), 509-513.
  • Başkale, H. (2016). Nitel araştırmalarda geçerlik, güvenirlik ve örneklem büyüklüğünün belirlenmesi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 9(1), 23-28.
  • Baumol, W . J. (1996). Entrepreneurship, management and the structure of pay offs. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Berger, I. (2012). YouTube as a source of data. Psychology Postgraduate Affairs Group Quarterly, 83, 9-12.
  • Bird, B. (1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: The case for intentions. Academy of Management Review, 13, 442-454.
  • Boyd, N., & Vozikis, G. 1994 The influence of self-efficacy on the development of entrepreneurial intentions and actions. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 18(4), 63–77.
  • Bozkurt, Ö. Ç. (2014). Planlanmış davranış teorisi çerçevesinde öğrencilerin girişimci olma niyetlerinin incelenmesi. Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(1), 27-47.
  • Can Baysal A., (2004). Güdülenme 143-170. Ed.: Can Baysal A., & Tekarslan, E., Davranış Bilimleri, 4. Baskı, İstanbul: Avcıol Basım-Yayın. ISBN: 975-7429-43-0
  • Cambridge Dictionary, Girişimci, https://dictionary.cambridge.org/tr/sözlük/ingilizce/entrepreneur ehost 6 Ekim 2020
  • Cambridge Dictionary, Girişimcilik, https://dictionary.cambridge.org/tr/sözlük/ingilizce/entrepreneurship ehost 6 Ekim 2020
  • Carland, J. W., Hoy, F., Boulton, W. R., & Carland, J. A. C. (1984). Differentiating entrepreneurs from small business owners: A conceptualization. Academy of Management Review, 9 (2), 354-359.
  • Carsrud, A., & Brännback, M. (2011). Entrepreneurial motivations: what do we still need to know? Journal of small business management, 49(1), 9-26.
  • Cengizçetin, E., (2014). Çeşitli ülkeler ve türkiye’de iş yaratma ve bu bağlamda kamu istihdam kurumlarının rolü ve türkiye’de uygulanabilirliği. (Uzmanlık Tezi) T.C. Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı Türkiye İş Kurumu Müdürlüğü, Ankara.
  • Chell, E. (2013). Review of skill and the entrepreneurial process. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research. Vol. 19 No. 1, pp. 6-31.
  • Corbin, J. M., & Strauss, A. (1990). Grounded theory research: Procedures, canons, and evaluative criteria. Qualitative sociology, 13(1), 3-21. Corbin, J. Strauss (2008). Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques. 3rd edition, London: Sage.
  • Creswell, J.W. (1998). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Traditions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Creswell, J.W. (2003). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Davids, F. (2017). The theory of planned behaviour and the entrepreneurial event model as predictive models of entrepreneurial intention. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town.
  • Drucker, P. F., (2006) Innovation and entreperneurship, (Reprint edition). New York: HarperBusiness.
  • Durak, İ. (2011). Girişimciliği etkileyen çevresel faktörlerle ilgili girişimcilerin tutumları: bir alan araştırması. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(2), 191-213.
  • Eğilmez, M. (2012). İşsizlik nasıl hesaplanıyor?, Kendime yazılar, (Çevrimiçi) https://www.mahfiegilmez.com/2012/01/issizlik-nasl-hesaplanyor.html /eHost 29 Nisan 2022
  • Gartner, W. B. (1988). “Who is an entrepreneur?” is the wrong question. American journal of small business, 12(4), 11-32.
  • Güner, H., & Korkmaz, A., (2011) İstihdamın arttırılmasında girişimciliğin önemi: girişimcilik destekleme modeli olarak İŞGEM’LER . Çalışma İlişkileri Dergisi, sayı 2/1, s. 42-65. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/cider/issue/29524/316920
  • Fikir ve Sanat Eserleri Kanunu. T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Mevzuat Bilgi Sistemi, 5846 sayılı kanun, (Çevrimiçi) https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuatmetin/1.3.5846.pdf ehost 14.05.2022
  • Fillion, J. (1997). Entrepreneurship: Managers and small business owner managers in EC (No. 97). Working Paper.
  • Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I., (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison – Wesley.
  • Hackett, G., (1995). Self-efficacy in career choice and development. (Ed.) A. Bandura. Self-efficacy in changing societies. 1st. Edition. New York: Cambridge.
  • Heider, F. (1946). Attitudes and cognitive organization. The Journal of psychology, 21(1), 107-112.
  • Hofstede Insight Ülke Karşılaştırması, https://www.hofstede-insights.com/country-comparison/turkey/ ehost 13.05.2022
  • Holland, D.V., & Shepherd, D.A. (2013). Deciding to persist: Adversity, values, and entrepreneurs’ decision policies. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. 37(2): 331–358.
  • Karadeniz, E. (2011). Entrepreneurship in Turkey 2010: The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). Türkiye Odalar ve Borsalar Birliği (TOBB), Ankara.
  • Katz, J. A., & Gartner, W. B. (1988). Properties of emerging organizations. Academy of Management Review, 13, 429-441.
  • Kılıçaslan, Y., & Töngür, Ü. (2019). ICT and employment generation: evidence from Turkish manufacturing, Applied Economics Letters, 26:13, 1053-1057, DOI: 10.1080/13504851.2018.1529391
  • Krueger, N. (1993). The impact of prior entrepreneurial exposure on perceptions of new venture feasibility and desirability. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 18(1), 5-21.
  • Krueger Jr, N. F., & Brazeal, D. V. (1994) Entrepreneurial potential and potential entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 18(3), 91-104.
  • Krueger, N. F., & Carsrud, A. L. (1993). Entrepreneurial intentions: Applying the theory of planned behaviour. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 5(4), 315-330.
  • Krueger Jr, N., & Dickson, P. R. (1994). How believing in ourselves increases risk taking: Perceived self‐efficacy and opportunity recognition. Decision sciences, 25(3), 385-400.
  • Krueger Jr, N. F., Reilly, M. D., & Carsrud, A. L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(5-6), 411-432.
  • Kolvereid, L. (1996). Organizational employment versus self-employment: Reasons for career choice intentions. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 20(3), 23-31.
  • Kolvereid, L., & Isaksen, E. (2006). New business start-up and subsequent entry into self-employment. Journal of business venturing, 21(6), 866-885.
  • Lackéus, M. (2015). Entrepreneurship in Education. What, Why, When, How. Entrepreneurship 360 Background Paper. (Çevrimiçi) http://www.oecd.org/cfe/leed/BGP_Entrepreneurship-in- Education.pdf / ehost 7 Mayıs 2022
  • Liñán, F., Moriano, J. A., & Jaén, I. (2016). Individualism and entrepreneurship: Does the pattern depend on the social context?. International Small Business Journal, 34(6), 760-776.
  • Liñán, F. & Chen, Y.W. (2009). ‘Development and cross-cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions’, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 33, No. 3, pp.593–617.
  • Lortie, J., Castogiovanni, G. (2015). The theory of planned behavior in entrepreneurship research: what we know and future directions. International entrepreneurship and management journal, 11(4),935-957.
  • Luthans, F., Norman, S. M., & Jensen, S. M. (2007). The value of the psychological capital of immigrant entrepreneurs. International Journal of Business and Globalisation, 1(2), 161-175.
  • Madden, T. J., Ellen, P. S., & Ajzen, I. (1992). A comparison of the theory of planned behavior and the theory of reasoned action. Personality and social psychology Bulletin, 18(1), 3-9.
  • Moriano JA, Palací FJ., & Morales JF. (2007). The psychosocial profile of the university entrepreneur. Psychology in Spain (11): 72–84.
  • Neuman, W. Lawrence. (2014). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, 7th edition. Essex: Pearson. ISBN 13: 978-1-292-02023-5
  • Obschonka, M., Silbereisen, R. K., & Schmitt-Rodermund, E. (2010). Entrepreneurial intention as developmental outcome. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 77(1), 63-72.
  • Orta Vadeli Karar 2023-2025 (2022, 4 Eylül). Resmi Gazete (Sayı: 31943 (Mükerrer)) Erişim adresi: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/fihrist?tarih=2022-09-04&mukerrer=1
  • Osgood, C. E. (1952). The nature and measurement of meaning. Psychological bulletin, 49(3), 197.
  • Ouellette, J. A., & Wood, W. (1998). Habit and intention in everyday life: The multiple processes by which past behavior predicts future behavior. Psychological bulletin, 124(1), 54.
  • Petersen, A. W., Ward, T., Wehmeyer, C. & Revill, P. (2004). Towards a Comprehensive European level E-Skills Framework: ICT and e-business skills and training at sub-degree and vocational level in Europe, Thessaloniki: Cedefop.
  • Robinson, P. B., Stimpson, D. V., Huefner, J. C., & Hunt, H. K. (1991). An attitude approach to the prediction of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 15(4), 13-32.
  • Scheepers, D., & Ellemers, N., (2019). Social identity theory. Ed: Sassanberg K., Vliek M.L.W. In Social psychology in Action (pp. 23-37). Springer: Cham.
  • Shapero, A., & Sokol, L. (1982). The social dimensions of entrepreneurship. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign's Academy for Entrepreneurial Leadership Historical Research Reference in Entrepreneurship.
  • Shepperd, B. H., Hartwick, J., & Warshaw, P. R. (1988). The theory of reasoned action: A meta-analysis of past research with recommendations for modifications and future research. Journal of Consumer Research, (15) 325–343.
  • Singh G, & DeNoble A (2003). Early retirees as the next generation of entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 23:207–226.
  • Smith, M.B. (1968). Attitude change. International encyclopedia of social sciences. (s. 458 – 467). Crowell Collier and Mac Millan. Akt: Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç., Çemalcılar, Z. (2014). Dünden bugüne insan ve insanlar: Sosyal psikolojiye giriş. İstanbul: Evrim Yayınevi.
  • Soto-Simeone, A., & Kautonen, T. (2021). Senior entrepreneurship following unemployment: a social identity theory perspective. Review of Managerial Science, 15(6), 1683-1706.
  • Tajfel, H. (1978). Social categorization, social identity and social comparisons. In H. Tajfel (Ed.), Differentiation between social groups (pp. 61–76). London, UK: Academic Press.
  • Takım, A., (2015). Türkiye’de ekonomik büyüme ile işsizlik arasındaki ilişki: granger nedensellik testi. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, s.27. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/dpusbe/issue/4769/65618
  • Thompson, J. L. (2002). The world of the social entrepreneur. The International Journal of Public Sector Management, 15, 412-431.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Girişimcilik 2015-2017, (Çevrimiçi) http://tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=30847 /ehost 1 Ekim 2020
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Girişimcilik ve İş Demografisi 2020, (Çevrimiçi) https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Girisimcilik-ve-Is-Demografisi-2020-37187 /ehost 9 Ağustos 2022
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, İstatistikleri Kadın, 2021, (Çevrimiçi) https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Istatistiklerle-Kadin-2021-45635 / e host 22 Haziran 2022
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, İşgücü İstatistikleri Mikro Veri Seti, 2021 (Çevrimiçi), https://www.tuik.gov.tr/media/microdata/pdf/isgucu.pdf / ehost 14 Eylül 2022
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, İşgücü İstatistikleri Temmuz 2022, (Çevrimiçi) https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Isgucu-Istatistikleri-Subat-2022-45646 /ehost 14 Eylül 2022
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Tüketici Fiyat Endeksi, Haziran 2022, (Çevrimiçi) https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Tuketici-Fiyat-Endeksi-Haziran-2022-45795 /ehost 05 Temmuz 2022
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Yurtiçi Üretici Fiyat Endeksi, Haziran 2022, (Çevrimiçi) https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Yurt-Ici-Uretici-Fiyat-Endeksi-Haziran-2022-45855/ehost 05 Temmuz 2022
  • Türk Dil Kurumu TDK Güncel Türkçe Sözlük, “Girişimcilik” https://sozluk.gov.tr /ehost 6 Ekim 2020
  • Türk Dil Kurumu TDK Güncel Türkçe Sözlük, “Girişimci” https://sozluk.gov.tr /ehost 6 Ekim 2020
  • Vamvaka, V., Stoforos, C., Palaskas, T., & Botsaris, C. (2020). Attitude toward entrepreneurship, perceived behavioral control, and entrepreneurial intention: dimensionality, structural relationships, and gender differences. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 9(1), 1-26.
  • Van den Putte, B. (1993). Review of the theory of reasoned action. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Amsterdam.
  • Vardar, A. (2018) Girişimcilik Niyetine Etki Eden Değişkenlerin Planlanmış Davranış Teorisi Çerçevesinde Analizi: Açıköğretim Öğrencileri Üzerinde Bir Araştırma. Doctoral dissertation. Anadolu University (Turkey).
  • Yüksek Öğretim Kurumu, Yüksek öğretim bilgi yönetim sistemi, Türlerine göe mevcut üniversite sayısı, (çevrimiçi), https://istatistik.yok.gov.tr / ehost 1 Haziran 2022
There are 86 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Gulcan Ozbolat 0000-0003-1938-6815

Aslı Beyhan Acar 0000-0001-6824-6494

Publication Date December 31, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Ozbolat, G., & Beyhan Acar, A. (2022). PLANLANMIŞ DAVRANIŞ KURAMI VE GİRİŞİMCİLİK: TİB ALANINDA ÇALIŞAN GİRİŞİMCİLER İLE İLGİLİ NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA. Ekonomi Maliye İşletme Dergisi, 5(2), 275-303. https://doi.org/10.46737/emid.1205829
AMA Ozbolat G, Beyhan Acar A. PLANLANMIŞ DAVRANIŞ KURAMI VE GİRİŞİMCİLİK: TİB ALANINDA ÇALIŞAN GİRİŞİMCİLER İLE İLGİLİ NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA. Ekonomi Maliye İşletme Dergisi. December 2022;5(2):275-303. doi:10.46737/emid.1205829
Chicago Ozbolat, Gulcan, and Aslı Beyhan Acar. “PLANLANMIŞ DAVRANIŞ KURAMI VE GİRİŞİMCİLİK: TİB ALANINDA ÇALIŞAN GİRİŞİMCİLER İLE İLGİLİ NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA”. Ekonomi Maliye İşletme Dergisi 5, no. 2 (December 2022): 275-303. https://doi.org/10.46737/emid.1205829.
EndNote Ozbolat G, Beyhan Acar A (December 1, 2022) PLANLANMIŞ DAVRANIŞ KURAMI VE GİRİŞİMCİLİK: TİB ALANINDA ÇALIŞAN GİRİŞİMCİLER İLE İLGİLİ NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA. Ekonomi Maliye İşletme Dergisi 5 2 275–303.
IEEE G. Ozbolat and A. Beyhan Acar, “PLANLANMIŞ DAVRANIŞ KURAMI VE GİRİŞİMCİLİK: TİB ALANINDA ÇALIŞAN GİRİŞİMCİLER İLE İLGİLİ NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA”, Ekonomi Maliye İşletme Dergisi, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 275–303, 2022, doi: 10.46737/emid.1205829.
ISNAD Ozbolat, Gulcan - Beyhan Acar, Aslı. “PLANLANMIŞ DAVRANIŞ KURAMI VE GİRİŞİMCİLİK: TİB ALANINDA ÇALIŞAN GİRİŞİMCİLER İLE İLGİLİ NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA”. Ekonomi Maliye İşletme Dergisi 5/2 (December 2022), 275-303. https://doi.org/10.46737/emid.1205829.
JAMA Ozbolat G, Beyhan Acar A. PLANLANMIŞ DAVRANIŞ KURAMI VE GİRİŞİMCİLİK: TİB ALANINDA ÇALIŞAN GİRİŞİMCİLER İLE İLGİLİ NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA. Ekonomi Maliye İşletme Dergisi. 2022;5:275–303.
MLA Ozbolat, Gulcan and Aslı Beyhan Acar. “PLANLANMIŞ DAVRANIŞ KURAMI VE GİRİŞİMCİLİK: TİB ALANINDA ÇALIŞAN GİRİŞİMCİLER İLE İLGİLİ NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA”. Ekonomi Maliye İşletme Dergisi, vol. 5, no. 2, 2022, pp. 275-03, doi:10.46737/emid.1205829.
Vancouver Ozbolat G, Beyhan Acar A. PLANLANMIŞ DAVRANIŞ KURAMI VE GİRİŞİMCİLİK: TİB ALANINDA ÇALIŞAN GİRİŞİMCİLER İLE İLGİLİ NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA. Ekonomi Maliye İşletme Dergisi. 2022;5(2):275-303.
 Download Cover Image