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Year 2020, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 125 - 139, 31.10.2020

Hananeh Kordbacheh , Ahmet Aydın , Sonia Sanajou , Gönül Şahin

Abstract

References

  • de Abajo, Francisco J (2020). Use of Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System Inhibitors and Risk of COVID-19 Requiring Admission to Hospital: A Case-Population Study. The Lancet 395(10238): 1705–14.
  • Astuti I, Ysrafil (2020). Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): An Overview of Viral Structure and Host Response. Diabetes Metab Syndr 14(4): 407–12.
  • Atal, Shubham, Zeenat Fatima (2020). IL-6 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Serious COVID-19: A Promising Therapy. Pharm Med 1.
  • Ayala A, Chung CS, Grutkoski PS, Song GY (2003). Mechanisms of Immune Resolution. Crit Care Med 31(8).
  • Bikdeli B, Mahesh D, Liang T (2020). COVID-19 and Thrombotic or Thromboembolic Disease: Implications for Prevention, Antithrombotic Therapy, and Follow-Up. J Am Coll Cardiol 75(23): 2950–73.
  • Brotherton H, Kalife S, Ahmadou L (2020). Dexamethasone for COVID-19: Data Needed from Randomised Clinical Trials in Africa.
  • Burki T (2020). The Indirect Impact of COVID-19 on Women. The Lancet 20(8): 904–5.
  • National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020). Contact Tracing for COVID-19 | CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/contact-tracing/contact-tracing-plan/contact-tracing.html (October, 18 2020)
  • National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020). How to Protect Yourself & Others https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/prevention.html (October, 18 2020)
  • Chandwani A, Shuter J (2008). Lopinavir/Ritonavir in the Treatment of HIV-1 Infection: Ther Clin Risk Manag 4(5): 1023–33.
  • Costela-Ruiz VJ, Rebecca IM, Jose MP (2020). SARS-CoV-2 Infection: The Role of Cytokines in COVID-19 Disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev.
  • David Norrie J (2020). Remdesivir for COVID-19: Challenges of Underpowered Studies. Dietz, Leslie. (2020). 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: Built Environment Considerations To Reduce Transmission. mSystems 5(2).
  • Fan Q, Bo Z, Jie M, Shuyang Z (2020). Safety Profile of the Antiviral Drug Remdesivir: An Update. Biomed Pharmacother 130: 110532.
  • U.S. Food and Drug Administration FDA (2020). COVID-19 Update: FDA Broadens Emergency Use Authorization for Veklury (Remdesivir) to Include All Hospitalized Patients for Treatment of COVID-19 https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/covid-19-update-fda-broadens-emergency-use-authorization-veklury-remdesivir-include-all-hospitalized (October 18, 2020)
  • U.S. Food and Drug Administration FDA (2020) Recommendations for Investigational COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma | FDA. https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/investigational-new-drug-ind-or-device-exemption-ide-process-cber/recommendations-investigational-covid-19-convalescent-plasma (October 18, 2020)
  • Garg S (2020). Hospitalization Rates and Characteristics of Patients Hospitalized with Laboratory-Confirmed Coronavirus Disease (2019) MMWR 69(15): 458–64.
  • Hadjadj J (2020). Impaired Type I Interferon Activity and Inflammatory Responses in Severe COVID-19 Patients. Science (New York, N.Y.) 369(6504): 718–24.
  • Herman L, Sandeep A, Pavan A, Khalid B (2020). StatPearls. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEI).
  • Ingraham NE (2020). Understanding the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-SARS-CoV Axis: A Comprehensive Review. Eur Respir J 56(1).
  • Jacofsky D, Emilia MJ, Jacofsky M (2020). Understanding Antibody Testing for COVID-19. J Arthroplasty 35(7): S74.
  • Kalra MK (2020). Chest CT Practice and Protocols for COVID-19 from Radiation Dose Management Perspective. Lancet Respir Med 8(5):e27.
  • Kow Cs, Syed SH. (2020). Use of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin in COVID-19 Patients. J Vasc Surg Venous 8(5): 900.
  • Lam TTY (2020). Identifying SARS-CoV-2-Related Coronaviruses in Malayan Pangolins. Nature 583(7815): 282–85.
  • Levi M, Jecko T, Toshiaki I, Jerrold HL (2020). Coagulation Abnormalities and Thrombosis in Patients with COVID-19. The Lancet 7(6): e438–40.
  • Li S, Zi T, Zai L, Xuan L (2020). Searching Therapeutic Strategy of New Coronavirus Pneumonia from Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2: The Target of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 39(6): 1021.
  • Martel J, Yun k, John Y, David O (2020). Could Nasal Nitric Oxide Help to Mitigate the Severity of COVID-19. Emer. Microbes Infect 22(4): 168.
  • Mehra R, Sapan D, Ruschitzka F, Amit P. (2020) Hydroxychloroquine or Chloroquine with or without a Macrolide for Treatment of COVID-19: A Multinational Registry Analysis. The Lancet 0(0).
  • Mehta P (2020). COVID-19: Consider Cytokine Storm Syndromes and Immunosuppression. The Lancet 395(10229): 1033–34.
  • Meng L, Zhanggang Y, Qualian L (2020). Intubation and Ventilation amid the COVID-19 Outbreak: Wuhan’s Experience. Anesthesiology 132(6): 1317–32.
  • Millar M, Laffan M (2017). Drug Therapy in Anticoagulation: Which Drug for Which Patient? J R Coll Physicians Lond 17(3): 233–44.
  • Murphy A, Iraj M, Elham (2020). Economic Sanctions and Iran’s Capacity to Respond to COVID-19. The Lancet 5(5): e254.
  • Murthy S, Charles G, Fowler R (2020). Care for Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19. JAMA 323(15): 1499–1500.
  • Marta, Marry A. Pittman, DrPH, CEO and President Protecting Public Health during the covid-18 pandemic PIH (2020). PIH resources on COVID-19 response.
  • Polderman H. (2012). Hypothermia and Coagulation. Critical Care 16(Suppl 2): A20.
  • Poyiadji N, Gassan D, Micheal S (2020). COVID-19-Associated Acute Hemorrhagic Necrotizing Encephalopathy: Imaging Features. Radiology 296(2): E119–20.
  • Rajendran K, Jayanthi FRCP, Murugan A (2020). Convalescent Plasma Transfusion for the Treatment of COVID-19: Systematic Review. J Med Virol.
  • Rosenbaum L (2020). Facing Covid-19 in Italy — Ethics, Logistics, and Therapeutics on the Epidemic’s Front Line. N Engl J Med 382(18): 1–3.
  • Singhal T (2020). A Review of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Indian J Pediatr 87(4): 281–86.
  • Sriram K, Insel P (2020). A Hypothesis for Pathobiology and Treatment of COVID-19: The Centrality of ACE1/ACE2 Imbalance. Br J Pharmacol.
  • Takayama K (2020). In Vitro and Animal Models for SARS-CoV-2 Research. Trends Pharmacol Sci 41(8): 513–17.
  • Tang A, Zhen, Wing H (2020). Detection of Novel Coronavirus by RT-PCR in Stool Specimen from Asymptomatic Child, China. Emerg Infect Dis 26(6): 1337–39.
  • Tonelli R, Haserodt S, Aytekin M, Dweik RA (2013). Nitric Oxide Deficiency in Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathobiology and Implications for Therapy. Pulm Circ 3(1): 20–30.
  • Wang W, Jianming T, Fangqiang W (2020). Updated Understanding of the Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-NCoV) in Wuhan, China. J Med Virol 92(4): 441–47.
  • Wang Y, Guanhua R, Jianping (2020). Remdesivir in Adults with Severe COVID-19: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicentre Trial. The Lancet 395(10236): 1569–78.
  • World Health Organization WHO (2020). Naming the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and the Virus That Causes It. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it
  • World Health Organization WHO (2020). WHO Discontinues Hydroxychloroquine and Lopinavir/Ritonavir Treatment Arms for COVID-19. https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/04-07-2020-who-discontinues-hydroxychloroquine-and-lopinavir-ritonavir-treatment-arms-for-covid-19
  • Yang Y, Ajitah L, Subhasis J (2020). Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Coronavirus Disease 2019-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: An Initial US Experience at a High-Volume Centre. Card Fail Rev 6.
  • Zhang S, Aizong Z, Yongwu C (2020). Rational Use of Tocilizumab in the Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia. Clin Drug Investig 40(6): 511–18.
  • Zhao Z, Ya-Ping W, Boerwinkle (2004). Moderate Mutation Rate in the SARS Coronavirus Genome and Its Implications. BMC Evo Bio 4: 21.
  • Zheng J (2020). SARS-CoV-2: An Emerging Coronavirus That Causes a Global Threat. Int J Biol Sci 16(10): 1678–85.

Evaluation of the recommended treatment and preventive measures of COVID-19

Year 2020, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 125 - 139, 31.10.2020

Hananeh Kordbacheh , Ahmet Aydın , Sonia Sanajou , Gönül Şahin

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that is continuing to spread around the world threatens the human health and has an impact on global economic crisis.
As of 26th July 2020, no dedicated FDA-approved treatment and vaccine strategies have been confirmed for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 patients. Many ongoing clinical trials are in progress, and varieties of possible treatments are being tested around the globe.
As a vital part of the healthcare system, doctors, nurses and pharmacists play an important role in providing guidelines of protection to the public not only to prevent and control the infection but also to develop treatment strategies and discover vaccine during the pandemic. Several countries around the world are in rush to discover a new and safe therapy and vaccine for novel coronavirus.
This review highlights current knowledge about the possible therapies, their mechanisms, safety considerations based on interventional trials, clinical data of in vitro studies and a patient response.

Keywords

COVID-19 in vitro studies SARS-CoV-2

References

  • de Abajo, Francisco J (2020). Use of Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System Inhibitors and Risk of COVID-19 Requiring Admission to Hospital: A Case-Population Study. The Lancet 395(10238): 1705–14.
  • Astuti I, Ysrafil (2020). Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): An Overview of Viral Structure and Host Response. Diabetes Metab Syndr 14(4): 407–12.
  • Atal, Shubham, Zeenat Fatima (2020). IL-6 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Serious COVID-19: A Promising Therapy. Pharm Med 1.
  • Ayala A, Chung CS, Grutkoski PS, Song GY (2003). Mechanisms of Immune Resolution. Crit Care Med 31(8).
  • Bikdeli B, Mahesh D, Liang T (2020). COVID-19 and Thrombotic or Thromboembolic Disease: Implications for Prevention, Antithrombotic Therapy, and Follow-Up. J Am Coll Cardiol 75(23): 2950–73.
  • Brotherton H, Kalife S, Ahmadou L (2020). Dexamethasone for COVID-19: Data Needed from Randomised Clinical Trials in Africa.
  • Burki T (2020). The Indirect Impact of COVID-19 on Women. The Lancet 20(8): 904–5.
  • National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020). Contact Tracing for COVID-19 | CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/contact-tracing/contact-tracing-plan/contact-tracing.html (October, 18 2020)
  • National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020). How to Protect Yourself & Others https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/prevention.html (October, 18 2020)
  • Chandwani A, Shuter J (2008). Lopinavir/Ritonavir in the Treatment of HIV-1 Infection: Ther Clin Risk Manag 4(5): 1023–33.
  • Costela-Ruiz VJ, Rebecca IM, Jose MP (2020). SARS-CoV-2 Infection: The Role of Cytokines in COVID-19 Disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev.
  • David Norrie J (2020). Remdesivir for COVID-19: Challenges of Underpowered Studies. Dietz, Leslie. (2020). 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: Built Environment Considerations To Reduce Transmission. mSystems 5(2).
  • Fan Q, Bo Z, Jie M, Shuyang Z (2020). Safety Profile of the Antiviral Drug Remdesivir: An Update. Biomed Pharmacother 130: 110532.
  • U.S. Food and Drug Administration FDA (2020). COVID-19 Update: FDA Broadens Emergency Use Authorization for Veklury (Remdesivir) to Include All Hospitalized Patients for Treatment of COVID-19 https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/covid-19-update-fda-broadens-emergency-use-authorization-veklury-remdesivir-include-all-hospitalized (October 18, 2020)
  • U.S. Food and Drug Administration FDA (2020) Recommendations for Investigational COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma | FDA. https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/investigational-new-drug-ind-or-device-exemption-ide-process-cber/recommendations-investigational-covid-19-convalescent-plasma (October 18, 2020)
  • Garg S (2020). Hospitalization Rates and Characteristics of Patients Hospitalized with Laboratory-Confirmed Coronavirus Disease (2019) MMWR 69(15): 458–64.
  • Hadjadj J (2020). Impaired Type I Interferon Activity and Inflammatory Responses in Severe COVID-19 Patients. Science (New York, N.Y.) 369(6504): 718–24.
  • Herman L, Sandeep A, Pavan A, Khalid B (2020). StatPearls. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEI).
  • Ingraham NE (2020). Understanding the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-SARS-CoV Axis: A Comprehensive Review. Eur Respir J 56(1).
  • Jacofsky D, Emilia MJ, Jacofsky M (2020). Understanding Antibody Testing for COVID-19. J Arthroplasty 35(7): S74.
  • Kalra MK (2020). Chest CT Practice and Protocols for COVID-19 from Radiation Dose Management Perspective. Lancet Respir Med 8(5):e27.
  • Kow Cs, Syed SH. (2020). Use of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin in COVID-19 Patients. J Vasc Surg Venous 8(5): 900.
  • Lam TTY (2020). Identifying SARS-CoV-2-Related Coronaviruses in Malayan Pangolins. Nature 583(7815): 282–85.
  • Levi M, Jecko T, Toshiaki I, Jerrold HL (2020). Coagulation Abnormalities and Thrombosis in Patients with COVID-19. The Lancet 7(6): e438–40.
  • Li S, Zi T, Zai L, Xuan L (2020). Searching Therapeutic Strategy of New Coronavirus Pneumonia from Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2: The Target of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 39(6): 1021.
  • Martel J, Yun k, John Y, David O (2020). Could Nasal Nitric Oxide Help to Mitigate the Severity of COVID-19. Emer. Microbes Infect 22(4): 168.
  • Mehra R, Sapan D, Ruschitzka F, Amit P. (2020) Hydroxychloroquine or Chloroquine with or without a Macrolide for Treatment of COVID-19: A Multinational Registry Analysis. The Lancet 0(0).
  • Mehta P (2020). COVID-19: Consider Cytokine Storm Syndromes and Immunosuppression. The Lancet 395(10229): 1033–34.
  • Meng L, Zhanggang Y, Qualian L (2020). Intubation and Ventilation amid the COVID-19 Outbreak: Wuhan’s Experience. Anesthesiology 132(6): 1317–32.
  • Millar M, Laffan M (2017). Drug Therapy in Anticoagulation: Which Drug for Which Patient? J R Coll Physicians Lond 17(3): 233–44.
  • Murphy A, Iraj M, Elham (2020). Economic Sanctions and Iran’s Capacity to Respond to COVID-19. The Lancet 5(5): e254.
  • Murthy S, Charles G, Fowler R (2020). Care for Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19. JAMA 323(15): 1499–1500.
  • Marta, Marry A. Pittman, DrPH, CEO and President Protecting Public Health during the covid-18 pandemic PIH (2020). PIH resources on COVID-19 response.
  • Polderman H. (2012). Hypothermia and Coagulation. Critical Care 16(Suppl 2): A20.
  • Poyiadji N, Gassan D, Micheal S (2020). COVID-19-Associated Acute Hemorrhagic Necrotizing Encephalopathy: Imaging Features. Radiology 296(2): E119–20.
  • Rajendran K, Jayanthi FRCP, Murugan A (2020). Convalescent Plasma Transfusion for the Treatment of COVID-19: Systematic Review. J Med Virol.
  • Rosenbaum L (2020). Facing Covid-19 in Italy — Ethics, Logistics, and Therapeutics on the Epidemic’s Front Line. N Engl J Med 382(18): 1–3.
  • Singhal T (2020). A Review of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Indian J Pediatr 87(4): 281–86.
  • Sriram K, Insel P (2020). A Hypothesis for Pathobiology and Treatment of COVID-19: The Centrality of ACE1/ACE2 Imbalance. Br J Pharmacol.
  • Takayama K (2020). In Vitro and Animal Models for SARS-CoV-2 Research. Trends Pharmacol Sci 41(8): 513–17.
  • Tang A, Zhen, Wing H (2020). Detection of Novel Coronavirus by RT-PCR in Stool Specimen from Asymptomatic Child, China. Emerg Infect Dis 26(6): 1337–39.
  • Tonelli R, Haserodt S, Aytekin M, Dweik RA (2013). Nitric Oxide Deficiency in Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathobiology and Implications for Therapy. Pulm Circ 3(1): 20–30.
  • Wang W, Jianming T, Fangqiang W (2020). Updated Understanding of the Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-NCoV) in Wuhan, China. J Med Virol 92(4): 441–47.
  • Wang Y, Guanhua R, Jianping (2020). Remdesivir in Adults with Severe COVID-19: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicentre Trial. The Lancet 395(10236): 1569–78.
  • World Health Organization WHO (2020). Naming the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and the Virus That Causes It. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it
  • World Health Organization WHO (2020). WHO Discontinues Hydroxychloroquine and Lopinavir/Ritonavir Treatment Arms for COVID-19. https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/04-07-2020-who-discontinues-hydroxychloroquine-and-lopinavir-ritonavir-treatment-arms-for-covid-19
  • Yang Y, Ajitah L, Subhasis J (2020). Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Coronavirus Disease 2019-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: An Initial US Experience at a High-Volume Centre. Card Fail Rev 6.
  • Zhang S, Aizong Z, Yongwu C (2020). Rational Use of Tocilizumab in the Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia. Clin Drug Investig 40(6): 511–18.
  • Zhao Z, Ya-Ping W, Boerwinkle (2004). Moderate Mutation Rate in the SARS Coronavirus Genome and Its Implications. BMC Evo Bio 4: 21.
  • Zheng J (2020). SARS-CoV-2: An Emerging Coronavirus That Causes a Global Threat. Int J Biol Sci 16(10): 1678–85.
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Toxicology
Journal Section Review
Authors

Hananeh Kordbacheh

Ahmet Aydın

Sonia Sanajou 0000-0002-6751-5266

Gönül Şahin

Publication Date October 31, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kordbacheh, H., Aydın, A., Sanajou, S., Şahin, G. (2020). Evaluation of the recommended treatment and preventive measures of COVID-19. EMU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3(2), 125-139.
AMA Kordbacheh H, Aydın A, Sanajou S, Şahin G. Evaluation of the recommended treatment and preventive measures of COVID-19. EMUJPharmSci. October 2020;3(2):125-139.
Chicago Kordbacheh, Hananeh, Ahmet Aydın, Sonia Sanajou, and Gönül Şahin. “Evaluation of the Recommended Treatment and Preventive Measures of COVID-19”. EMU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 2 (October 2020): 125-39.
EndNote Kordbacheh H, Aydın A, Sanajou S, Şahin G (October 1, 2020) Evaluation of the recommended treatment and preventive measures of COVID-19. EMU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3 2 125–139.
IEEE H. Kordbacheh, A. Aydın, S. Sanajou, and G. Şahin, “Evaluation of the recommended treatment and preventive measures of COVID-19”, EMUJPharmSci, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 125–139, 2020.
ISNAD Kordbacheh, Hananeh et al. “Evaluation of the Recommended Treatment and Preventive Measures of COVID-19”. EMU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3/2 (October 2020), 125-139.
JAMA Kordbacheh H, Aydın A, Sanajou S, Şahin G. Evaluation of the recommended treatment and preventive measures of COVID-19. EMUJPharmSci. 2020;3:125–139.
MLA Kordbacheh, Hananeh et al. “Evaluation of the Recommended Treatment and Preventive Measures of COVID-19”. EMU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 3, no. 2, 2020, pp. 125-39.
Vancouver Kordbacheh H, Aydın A, Sanajou S, Şahin G. Evaluation of the recommended treatment and preventive measures of COVID-19. EMUJPharmSci. 2020;3(2):125-39.
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