The Correlation of Oral Mucosa Lesions with Dermatological Preliminary Diagnosis and Epidemiological Properties

Year 2020, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 409 - 417, 30.12.2020

Muge Ozcelik Korkmaz , Bahar Sevimli Dikicier , Necati İlhan , Mehmet Güven

https://doi.org/10.32448/entupdates.825640

Abstract

Objective: Our study aims to determine the prevalence and distribution characteristics of oral mucosal lesions (OML), which are frequently encountered in clinical practice, and determine the correlation between dermatological pre-diagnoses and definite histopathological diagnoses.

Methods: The clinical data of 361 individuals who were consulted by Dermatology to the Otolaryngology Clinic of Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine Training and Research Hospital for oral mucosal lesions and underwent excision biopsy were included in the study. Each patient’s data, such as gender, age, and smoking history, were scanned and recorded. Regarding the lesions, localization of the lesions, duration of their presence, clinical pre-diagnoses, and definite diagnoses were recorded. Accordingly, the diagnostic distribution characteristics of the lesions and the correlation between diagnoses were evaluated.

Results: When the age and gender distribution of the patients included in the study were examined, 152 (42.1%) were male, and 209 (57.9%) were female. The average age was 49.72 ± 1.21. While 134 patients (57,37,1%) were ≥65 years old, 227 patients (62,9%) were under 65 years old. 185 (51.2%) of the lesions were localized in the buccal mucosa. The most common ones were chronic inflammatory lesions (21.1%) and lesions of traumatic origin (13.3%). A statistically significant correlation was observed between clinical presuppositions and definite histopathological diagnoses (p <0.05). When we evaluated histopathological diagnoses according to gender and age distribution, no difference was observed in gender distribution. At the same time, premalignant and malignant lesions were statistically significantly higher in elderly individuals (65 years and over) seen. In terms of smoking habits, it was seen that smoking was significantly associated with premalignant and malignant diseases (p <0.05).

Conclusion: This study on oral mucosal lesions, which concern a significant part of the society, will be critical in terms of its contribution to epidemiological data as well as evaluating the reliability of preliminary dermatological diagnoses.

Keywords

Oral mucosal lesion, epidemiology, prevalance, precancerous lesions, Turkey

References

• 1. B W Neville, C. M. Allen, and A. C. Chi, Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology.In: Elsevier, St. Louis, MO, USA, 4th edition,2016.
• 2.Fierro-Garibay C, Almendros-Marqués N, Berini-Aytés L, Gay-Escoda C. Prevalence of biopsied oral lesions in a Department of Oral Surgery. J Clin Exp Dent 2011;3:73-7.
• 3. Kovac-Kovacic M, Skaleric U. The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in a population in Ljubljana, Slovenia. J Oral Pathol Med. 2000; 29:331-5.
• 4. Kramer IH, Pindborg JJ, Bezroukov V, Inferri JS. Guide to epidemiology and diagnosis of oral mucosal diseases and conditions. World Health Organization, Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, vol. 8, no. 1,pp. 1–26, 1980.
• 5. Greer R, Marx R, Said S, Prok L. Pediatric Head, and Neck Pathology. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press; 2017:77-99.
• 6. Harris CK, Warnakulasuriya KA, Cooper DJ, Peters TJ, Gelbier S. Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in alcohol misusers in South London. J Oral Pathol Med. 2004;33:253-9.
• 7. Martori E, Ayuso-Montero R, Martinez-Gomis J, Vi-as M, Peraire M. Risk factors for denture-related oral mucosal lesions in a geriatric population. J Prosthet Dent. 2014 ; 111(4):273-9.
• 8. Reichart PA. Oral mucosal lesions in a representative cross-sectional study of aging Germans. Community .Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2000;28:390-8.
• 9. Cebeci AR, Gülşahı A, Kamburoğlu K, Orhan K, Öztaş B. Prevalence and distribution of oral mucosal lesions in an adult turkish population. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2009;14:272-7.
• 10. Allon I, Kaplan I, Gal G, Chaushu G, Allon DM. The clinical characteristics of benign oral mucosal tumors. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2014;19:438-43.
• 11. Dundar N, Ilhan Kal B. Oral mucosal conditions and risk factors among elderly in a Turkish school of dentistry. Gerontology.2007;53:165-72.
• 12. MumcuG, Cimilli H, Sur H, Hayran O, Atalay T. Prevalence and distribution of oral lesions: a cross-sectional study in Turkey. Oral Diseases .2005;11: 81–7
• 13. World Health Organisation . Oral health surveys: basic methods, 4th edn.1997: WHO: Geneva
• 14. Beata GłowackaB, Tomasz Konopka A . Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in young seniors in the Wrocław region. Dent Med Probl. 2018;55:405–10
• 15. Gunes A,Karali E, Sebit T. Retrospective analysis of benign and premalign lesions in the oral cavity.Mucosa. 2019; 2: 48-52
• 16. Saraswathi TR, Ranganathan K, Shanmugam S, Sowmya R,Narasimhan PD, Gunaseelan R. Prevalence of oral lesions in relation to habits: Cross-sectional study in South India. Indian J Dent Res 2006;17:121-5.
• 17. Rivera C, Droguett D, Arenas-Márquez MJ. Oral mucosal lesions in a Chilean elderly population: A retrospective study with a systemic review from thirteen countries. J Clin Exp Dent. 2017;9:276–283.
• 18. Ercalik-Yalcinkaya S, Özcan M. Association between Oral Mucosal Lesions and Hygiene Habits in a Population of Re-movable Prosthesis Wearers. J Prosthodont. 2015;24 :271-8. DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12208
• 19. Gambhir RS, Veeresha KL, Sohi R, et al. The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in the patients visiting a dental school in Northern India in relation to sex, site and distribution: a retrospective study. J Clin Exp Dent. 2011;3 :10–7.
• 20. Nayak VN, Uma K, Girish HC, Murgod S, Shyamala K, Naik RB. Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia in oral lesions: A review. J Int Oral Health. 2015;7:148-52
• 21. Price A, Miller JH, Junkins-Hopkins JM. Pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia in anaplastic large cell lymphoma, a mimicker of poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma: Report of a case and review of the literature. J Cutan Pathol. 2015;42 :863-9.
• 22. De Rossi SS, Ciarrocca K. Oral lichen planus and lichenoid mucositis. Dent Clin North Am. 2014;58:299-313.
• 23. Aghbari SMH, Abushouk AI, Attia A, et al. Malignant transformation of oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions: a meta-analysis of 20095 patient data. Oral Oncol. 2017;68:92-102.
• 24. Maymone MB, Greer RO, Burdine LK et al .Benign oral mucosal lesions: Clinical and pathological findings .J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019 ;81:43-56.
• 25. Bhatnagar P, Rai S, Bhatnagar G, et al. Prevalence study of oral mucosal lesions, mucosal variants, and treatment required for patients reporting to a dental school in North India: In accordance with WHO guidelines. J Family Community Med. 2013;20:41–8.
• 26. Riaz N, Warraich RA. Tumors and tumor like lesions of the orofacial region at Mayo Hospital, Lahore five year study. Annals of KEMU 2011;17:123-6.
• 27.Pai A, Deverashetty A. Changing Trends in the Oral Mucosa of Geriatric Population - An Epidemiological Study. Journal of The Indian Academy of Geriatrics, 2017; 13:10-17
• 28. Kansky AA, Didanovic V, Dovsak T, Brzak BL, Pelivan I, Terlevic D. Epidemiology of oral mucosal lesions in Slovenia. Radiol Oncol. 2018 ;52:263-66. doi: 10.2478/raon-2018-0031
• 29. Verma S, Sharma H.Prevalence of Oral mucosal lesions and their association with Pattern of tobacco use among patients visiting a dental institution. Indian J Dent Res. 2019;30:652-655. doi: 10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_23_18
• 30. Behura SS, Masthan MK, Narayanasamy AB. Oral Mucosal Lesions Associated with Smokers and Chewers - A Case-Control Study in Chennai Population. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015 ;9 :17-22. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2015/14008.6169. 31. Lodi G, Franchini R, Warnakulasuriya S, et al. Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia to prevent oral cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;7:CD001829.
• 32. Holmstrup P, Dabelsteen E. Oral leukoplaki ad to treat or not to treat. Oral Dis. 2016;22:494-7.
• 33. Yardimci G, Kutlubay Z, Engin B, Tuzun Y. Precancerous lesions of oral mucosa. World J Clin Cases. 2014;2:866-872.