Inflammatory mediators’ essence in apical periodontitis

Year 2024, Volume: 58 Issue: 3, 160 - 168, 20.09.2024

Nikola Milojević , Ema Krdzovic Lazic , Lazar Lukic , Dobroslav Puresevic , Milana Mirkovic , Aleksandar Jakovljevic

https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20241423117

Abstract

Apical periodontitis (AP) represents chronic inflammatory reaction of periradicular tissues of teeth with necrotic pulp. Although AP has been considered as a multifactorial disease, different microorganisms and their virulence factors from infected root canals are considered to be the primary cause of periradicular inflammatory process. The interplay between microbes and host leads to an inflammatory cascade of events that includes activation of innate and adaptive components of immunity. Activation of different immune cells in AP is intermediated by different molecules known as mediators of inflammation. These molecules establish various network interrelationships in the inflamed periapical area and induce alveolar bone resorption. This narrative review aimed to explore and present the current knowledge of selected inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, bone resorption regulators and components of oxidative stress involved in the alveolar bone resorption in AP.

Keywords

periapical periodontitis, cytokines, oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases, bone resorption

Apikal periodontitiste inflamatuar mediatörlerin özü

Abstract

Apikal periodontitis (AP), dişlerin periradiküler dokularının nekrotik pulpa ile kronik inflamatuar reaksiyonunu ifade eder. AP çok faktörlü bir hastalık olarak kabul edilmesine rağmen, enfekte kök kanallarından farklı mikroorganizmalar ve bunların virülans faktörlerinin periradiküler inflamatuar sürecin birincil nedeni olduğu düşünülmektedir. Mikroplar ve konakçı arasındaki etkileşim, bağışıklığın doğuştan gelen ve adaptif bileşenlerinin aktivasyonunu içeren inflamatuar bir olaylar dizisine yol açar. AP'de farklı bağışıklık hücrelerinin aktivasyonuna, inflamasyon aracıları olarak bilinen farklı moleküller aracılık eder. Bu moleküller iltihaplı periapikal bölgede çeşitli ağ ilişkileri kurar ve alveolar kemik emilimini indükler. Bu derleme makalesi, sitokinler, matriks metalloproteinazlar, kemik rezorpsiyon düzenleyicileri ve AP'de alveoler kemik rezorpsiyonunda rol oynayan oksidatif stres bileşenleri dahil olmak üzere bazı inflamatuar mediatörlerle ilgili mevcut bilgileri sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Keywords

periapikal periodontitis, sitokinler, oksidatif stres, matriks metalloproteinazlar, kemik rezorpsiyonu

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