Apicomplexan Protozoonlarda Apicoplast

Year 2017, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 49 - 59, 15.04.2017

Abdullah İnci , Gözde Şahingöz Demirpolat Alparslan Yıldırım , Önder Düzlü

Abstract

Apicomplexa subphylumunda bulunan
protistan türleri fotosentetik olmayan apicoplast adı verilen ikincil bir
plastide sahiptirler. Apicoplast; Plasmodium,
Eimeria, Toxoplasma, Sarcocystis, Theileria
ve Babesia gibi bazı apicomplexan
protozoonlarda bulunan buna karşılık Cryptosporidium
spp ve Gregarina niphandrodes’de
bulunmayan bir plastiddir. Apicoplastın sekonder endosimbiyoz ile bir algden (kırmızı
ya da yeşil alg) evrimleştiğine inanılmaktadır. Apicoplast, endomembran
sisteminin en dış bölümü içinde dört membran tarafından çevrelenmiştir. Apicomplexan
parazitlerinin büyümesi ve replikasyonu için gerekli son derece özelleşmiş bir
organel olan apicoplastın bakterilerde varolan yağ asidi sentezi, hem pathwayi
ve isoprenoid biyosentezine sahip olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu organelin
yıkımlanması bu parazitlerde ölüme yol açmaktadır. Bu durum, ilaç endüstrisinin
protozoonlara karşı ilaç geliştirme çalışmalarında odak noktasını
oluşturmuştur. Bu yüzden ilaç endüstrisi araştırmalarını bu organele ait gen
bölgeleri üzerine yoğunlaştırmıştır. Bununla birlikte apicoplastın işlevleri
hakkındaki bilgiler henüz yeterli olmayıp bu konuda çeşitli hipotezler
mevcuttur. Bu derlemede apicoplasta dikkat çekilmesi ve bazı fonksiyonları
hakkında üretilen bilgilerin paylaşılması amaçlanmıştır.

Keywords

Apicomplexan, apicoplast, evrim, housekeeping fonksiyon, plastid

Apicoplast in Apicomplexan Protozoon

Abstract

Protistan species belonging to the subphylum
apicomplexa have a non-photosynthetic secondary plastid structure also called apicoplast.  This organel is found in most parasitic genera
of apicomplexan protozoans like Plasmodium,
Eimeria, Toxoplasma, Sarcocystis, Theileria
and Babesia spp., but not in the
ohers such as Cryptosporidium spp.
and Gregarina niphandrodes. It is
believed that the apicoplast is originated from an alga (red or green alga) through
secondary endosymbiosis. The apicoplast is surrounded by fourfold membrane
within the outer most part of the endomembrane system. The apicoplast which is
a highly specialized organelle that mediates required functions in the growth
and replication of apicomplexan parasites contains an ensemble of bacteria-like
pathways to replicate and express its genome plus an anabolic capacity
generating fatty acids, heme and isoprenoid precursors. Destroying this organel
usually results in parasite death, thus making apicoplast metabolism an
attractive target for drugs. However, the data about the functions of the
apicoplast are limited and there are some hyppotehesis about this subject. In
this review, it was aimed to point out the apicoplast and to s hare the data
about some functions of this organel.

Keywords

Apicomplexan, apicoplast, evolution, housekeeping functions, plastid

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