Genel Bakış: Eksozomlar ve Bazı Parazit Protozoon Enfeksiyonlardaki Rolleri

Year 2018, Volume: 15 Issue: 2, 179 - 189, 15.08.2018

Abdullah İnci

Abstract

Ekstraselüler veziküller (EVs), eksozomlar da dahil olmak üzere hücreler arası doğrudan temas olmadan bilgi alış verişini mümkün kılan hücresel iletişimin temel araçlarından biri olarak bilinmektedirler. Eksozomlar, multivezikül cisimlerin (MVBs) plazma membranı ile kaynaşmasından sonra salınan, 30-100 nm çapında endositik kökenli nano keseciklerdir. EV'ler, çok yakın zamana kadar sadece hücresel metabolizmanın bir yan ürünü olarak görülürlerdi. An-cak son zamanlarda yapılan yeni keşifler ve üretilen yeni bilgiler bu algının değişmesine yol açmıştır. Bu yeni keşiflerde EV’lerin hücre-hücre iletişimi, sinyal iletimi, genetik materyallerin taşınması ve immün yanıt modülasyonu gibi geniş bir biyolojik aktivite yelpazesinde yer aldıkları gösterilmiştir. Farklı kökenlere sahip olan bu veziküller, düzenleyebildikleri proteinler, DNA, mRNA'lar ve miRNA'lar gibi biyoaktif molekülleri kendi kargolarıyla hedef hücrelere taşırlar ve hastalık patogenezinde de önemli rol oynarlar. Yakın zamandaki çalışmalar, Malaria, Chagas hastalığı ve uyku hastalığı gibi insan hastalıklarından sorumlu olanlar da dahil olmak üzere hücre içi ve hücre dışı gelişim aşamalarında protozoon parazitlerin de benzer mekanizmaları kullandıkları gösterilmiştir. Protozoon parazitler, kendi popülasyonları içerisinde iletişim kurmak, büyümeyi teşvik etmek, bulaşmaya neden olmak, konağın bağışıklık sisteminden kaçmak ve mikro çevreyi manipüle etmek için hücre dışı vezikülleri salgılamaktadırlar. Mevcut veriler ışığında, hastalıkların teşhisinde bir marker, tedavide hedeflenen bir terapötik ajan olarak görülmenin yanında konak patojen ilişkisi, ilaç dirençliliği ve aşı geliştirilmesinde kullanılabileceklerine dair geniş ve önemli bir bakış açısı sağlamıştır. Bu derlemede eksozomların biyogenezi, kompozisyonu ve bazı protozoon infeksiyonlardaki farklı rolleri üzerine güncel bilgilerin sunulması amaç-lanmıştır.

Keywords

Eksozomlar, ekstraselüler veziküller, parazit, protozoon

References

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