Abstract
Avrupa’da yürürlükte olan sayısal mali ve parasal kurallar geçtiğimiz yirmi yıl boyunca sürekli olarak artış göstermiştir. Öyle ki Avrupa’da hemen hemen her ülkede sayısal mali kuralların uygulandığı görülmektedir. Sayısal mali kurallar, yerel ya da bölgesel hükümet düzeylerinde uygulanma alanı bulmaktadır. Özellikle 1990’lı yıllarda Avrupa Birliği üyesi ülkelerde, iradi maliye politikasının neden olduğu olumsuz sonuçları ortadan kaldırmak üzere kurallı maliye politikası önemli bir politika aracı haline gelmiştir. Avrupa’da kurallı maliye politikasının alt yapısı Maastricht Antlaşması ve İstikrar ve Büyüme Paktı ile güçlendirilmiştir. Buna ek olarak Avrupa’da işleyişsel (sürece ilişkin) ve sayısal mali kurallar olmak üzere iki tür mali kural uygulamaya koyulmuştur. Böylece, Avrupa Birliği’nde mali kurallar ile aşırı bütçe açıkları ve kamu borcunun önüne geçilerek mali disiplinin sağlanması amaçlanmaktadır. Avrupa Birliği’nde mali kural uygulamalarının bir diğer önemli nedeni ise para ve maliye politikalarının uyum içerisinde sürdürülmesidir. Bu bağlamda, çalışmanın amacı Avrupa Birliği’nde uygulanan mali ve para kurallarını teorik açıdan analiz etmek; mali ve parasal kurallara ilişkin uygulamaların etkilerini ortaya koymaktır.
References
- Afxentiou, P. C. (2000). Convergence, The Maastricht Criteria, and Their Benefits. The Brown Journal of World Affairs, 7(1), 245-254.
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- Działo, J. (2012). Fiscal Rules and Effective Fiscal Policy. Comparative Economic Research, 15(2), 65-78.
- Elbadawi, I., Schmidt-Hebbel, K. ve Soto, R. (2015). Why do countries have fiscal rules?. Central Banking, Analysis, and Economic Policies Book Series, in Ricardo J. Caballero & Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel (ed.), Economic Policies in Emerging-Market Economies Festschrift in Honor of Vittorio Corbo, 21(1),155-189 Central Bank of Chile
- Fatás, A. ve Mihov, I. (2007). Fiscal Discipline, Volatility, and Growth. Fiscal Policy Stabilization and Growth: Prudence or Abstinence.
- Gaber, S., Gaber, V.ve Gruevski, I. (2014). The Role of Fiscal Rules in Ensuring Fiscal Discipline. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research, 19(1), 17-26.
- Günaydın, İ. ve Eser, L. Y. (2009). Maliye Politikasındaki Yeni Trend: Mali Kurallar, Maliye Dergisi, Sayı 156, Ocak-Haziran 2009.
- Hallerberg, M., Strauch, R. ve Von Hagen, J. (2007). The Design of Fiscal Rules and Forms of Governance in European Union Countries. European Journal of Political Economy, 23(2), 338-359.
- Kopits, G. (2001) Fiscal Rules: Useful Policy Framework or Unnecessary Ornament?. Working Papers, No. WP/01/45, IMF, Washington, DC.
- Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (2003). Fiscal Stance over the Cycle: The Role of Debt, Institutions, and Budget Constraints(OECD Economic Outlook No 74). December, Paris.
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- Şahin, E. A. (2010). Anayasal İktisat Perspektifinden Gelişmiş Ülkelerde Kamu Borcunu Sınırlayan Kurallar” içinde Mali Kurallar Maliye Politikası Yönetiminde Yeni Bir Eğilim Vergi, Harcama, Borçlanma vs. Üzerine Kurallar ve Sınırlamalar, (ed. C.C. AKTAN, A. KESİK, Fatih KAYA), T.C. Maliye Bakanlığı Strateji Geliştirme Başkanlığı
- Vural, İ.Y. (2007). Mali Disiplin ve Ekonomik İstikrarın Sağlanmasında Yeni Bir Araç: Maliye Politikası Kuralları, Kurumsal Maliye Politikası Ed(Coşkun Can Aktan, Dilek Dileyici, İstiklal Y. Vural), Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara.
Abstract
The numerical fiscal and monetary rules in force in Europe have increased steadily over the past twenty years. It is observed that numerical fiscal rules are applied in almost every country in Europe. Numerical fiscal rules are applied at local or regional government levels. Especially in the EU member countries in 1990s, fiscal has found a regular fiscal policy application area in order to eliminate the negative results caused by discretionary fiscal policy. The infrastructure of the regular fiscal policy in Europe has been strengthened by the Maastrich Treaty and the stability and growth pact (SGP). In addition, two types of fiscal rules have been implemented in Europe: operational (process related) and numerical fiscal rules. Thus, it is aimed to prevent fiscal rules and excessive budget deficits and public debt in the European Union to ensure fiscal discipline. Another important reason for the implementation of fiscal rules in the European Union is that monetary and fiscal policies are maintained in harmony. In this context, the purpose of this study is to analyze the fiscal and monetary rules applied in the European Union theoretically and to reveal the effects of fiscal and monetary rules applications.
References
- Afxentiou, P. C. (2000). Convergence, The Maastricht Criteria, and Their Benefits. The Brown Journal of World Affairs, 7(1), 245-254.
- Bukowski, S. (2006). The Maastricht Convergence Criteria and Economic Growth in The EMU. Quaderni del Dipartimento di Economia, Finanza e Statistica, 24, 1-19.
- Calmfors, L. (2015). The Roles of Fiscal Rules, Fiscal Councils and Fiscal Union in EU Integration, IFN Working Paper No: 1076.
- Działo, J. (2012). Fiscal Rules and Effective Fiscal Policy. Comparative Economic Research, 15(2), 65-78.
- Elbadawi, I., Schmidt-Hebbel, K. ve Soto, R. (2015). Why do countries have fiscal rules?. Central Banking, Analysis, and Economic Policies Book Series, in Ricardo J. Caballero & Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel (ed.), Economic Policies in Emerging-Market Economies Festschrift in Honor of Vittorio Corbo, 21(1),155-189 Central Bank of Chile
- Fatás, A. ve Mihov, I. (2007). Fiscal Discipline, Volatility, and Growth. Fiscal Policy Stabilization and Growth: Prudence or Abstinence.
- Gaber, S., Gaber, V.ve Gruevski, I. (2014). The Role of Fiscal Rules in Ensuring Fiscal Discipline. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research, 19(1), 17-26.
- Günaydın, İ. ve Eser, L. Y. (2009). Maliye Politikasındaki Yeni Trend: Mali Kurallar, Maliye Dergisi, Sayı 156, Ocak-Haziran 2009.
- Hallerberg, M., Strauch, R. ve Von Hagen, J. (2007). The Design of Fiscal Rules and Forms of Governance in European Union Countries. European Journal of Political Economy, 23(2), 338-359.
- Kopits, G. (2001) Fiscal Rules: Useful Policy Framework or Unnecessary Ornament?. Working Papers, No. WP/01/45, IMF, Washington, DC.
- Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (2003). Fiscal Stance over the Cycle: The Role of Debt, Institutions, and Budget Constraints(OECD Economic Outlook No 74). December, Paris.
- Oktar, S. ve Yavuz. S.(2000). Euro ve Türkiye. Bilim Teknik Yayınevi; İstanbul, s.191.
- Šehović, D. (2015). Analysis of Fiscal Rules in the European Monetary Union. Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, 4(1), 19-33.
- Şahin, E. A. (2010). Anayasal İktisat Perspektifinden Gelişmiş Ülkelerde Kamu Borcunu Sınırlayan Kurallar” içinde Mali Kurallar Maliye Politikası Yönetiminde Yeni Bir Eğilim Vergi, Harcama, Borçlanma vs. Üzerine Kurallar ve Sınırlamalar, (ed. C.C. AKTAN, A. KESİK, Fatih KAYA), T.C. Maliye Bakanlığı Strateji Geliştirme Başkanlığı
- Vural, İ.Y. (2007). Mali Disiplin ve Ekonomik İstikrarın Sağlanmasında Yeni Bir Araç: Maliye Politikası Kuralları, Kurumsal Maliye Politikası Ed(Coşkun Can Aktan, Dilek Dileyici, İstiklal Y. Vural), Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Makaleler |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | August 30, 2020 |
| Acceptance Date | May 15, 2020 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2020 Issue: 56 |
Cited By
Nitelikli işgücü sorunu üzerine çalışma
Journal of Life Economics
https://doi.org/10.15637/jlecon.9.3.04
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