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TÜRK BANKACILIK SEKTÖRÜNDE YABANCI YATIRIM ÖNCESİ VE SONRASINDA BANKA PERFORMANSININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Year 2020, Issue: 1 - 19th International Business Congress Special Issue, 237 - 257, 25.12.2020

Güliz Lerzan Avşaroğlu İrge Şener

https://doi.org/10.18070/erciyesiibd.846508

Abstract

Küreselleşmenin etkisiyle bilginin, paranın, teknolojinin ülkeler arasında dolaşımı sanki tek
bir ülke varmış gibi hızlanmış, bu değişimden olumlu şekilde yararlanmak isteyen birçok ülke iç
piyasalarını yabancı yatırımcılara açmıştır. Türkiye’de, 1980’lerden sonra görülen liberalleşme
hareketleri sayesinde özellikle bankacılık sektörünün kârlılığının yüksek oluşu göz önüne alındığında
yabancı yatırımcının dikkatini çekmiştir. Bunun sonucunda; ekonomik krizler yaşanmasına rağmen
yasal düzenlemeler sayesinde güçlü bir yapıya kavuşan Türk bankacılık sektörü, dış kaynaklı yatırım
almaya devam etmiştir. Bu çalışmada; söz konusu yatırımların bankacılık sektöründe hangi stratejilerle
yapıldığı; ve bu stratejilerin 2001 krizinden günümüze kadar devam eden dönemde yayımlanmış olan
bankaların çeşitli rasyoları ışığında incelenerek bahse konu yatırımların bankaların performanslarına
etkileri ölçülmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre, belirlenen finansal oranlar çerçevesinde,
yabancı sermaye tarafından yatırım yapılan 6 özel banka ile özel sermaye tarafından yatırım yapılan 8
yabancı bankanın performanslarında önemli farklılıkların bulunmadığı tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Yabancı Yatırım Performans, Bankacılık Sektörü.

References

  • Akgüç, Ö. (1987). 100 soruda Türkiye’de bankacılık, İstanbul: Gerçek Yayınevi, 1987.
  • Aydemir, N., (2004). Dünden bugüne Türkiye’de bankacılık, İstanbul Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, İstanbul.
  • Azam, M., Siddiqui, S. (2012). Domestic and foreign banks’ profitability: differences and their determinants. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 2(1), 33- 40.
  • Berger, A.N., Hasan, I., Zhou, M. (2009). Bank ownership and efficiency in china: what will happen in the world’s largest nation? Journal of Banking and Finance, 33 (1): 113-130.
  • Blomstrom, M., Lipsey, R.E. ve Zejan, M. (1992). What explains developing country growth? National Bureau of Economic Research, (No. w4132). Boland, V. (2009). Modern dilemma for world's oldest bank. Financial Times.
  • Borensztein, E., De Gregorio, J. ve Lee, J. (1998). How does foreign direct ınvestment affect economic growth? Journal of International Economics, 45, 115–135.
  • Chantapong, S. (2005). Comparative study of domestic and foreign bank performance in Thailand: The regression a nalysis. Economic Change and Restructuring, vol. 38, issue 1, 63-83.
  • Chambers, N. (2004). Kriz dönemi ve sonrasında bankaların finansal yapısının analizi, Avcı Ofset Matbaacılık
  • Chaudhry, I.S, Farooq, F. ve Mushtaq, A. (2014). Factors affecting portfolio investment in Pakistan: Evidence from time serıis analysis, Pakistan Economic and Social Review, Published by: Department of Economics, University of the Punjab, Vol. 52, No. 2, 141-158.
  • Claessens, S., Demirgüç-Kunt, A., Huizinga, H. (2001). How does foreign entry affect domestic banking markets? Journal of Banking and Finance, 25 (5): 891-911.
  • Claessens, S. ve Van Horen, N. (2012). Being a foreigner among domestic banks: asset or liability? Journal of Banking and Finance, 36 (5):1276-1290.
  • Çivi H., (1985). Türkiye’de bankacılık; teori, uygulama ve sonuçları, Ankara: Fon Matbaası Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Yardımcı Ders Kitabı Yayın No:1
  • Duce, M. (2003). Definitions of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): A Methodological Note, 1-16
  • Dunning, J. H. (1980). Toward an eclectic theory of ınternational production: some empirical tests. Journal of International Business Studies, 11(1), 9-31.
  • Erol, M.H. (2006). Dünyada ve Türkiye’de bankacılık sektörünün gelişimi ve Türkiye’de kamu bankalarının yeniden yapılandırılması, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul
  • FDIC (2020). Quarterly banking profile (QBP) - second quarter 2018. https://www.fdic.gov/bank/analytical/qbp/2018jun/qbp.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 09/11/2020)
  • Focarelli, D. ve Pozzolo, A. (2001). The patterns of cross-border bank mergers and shareholdings in OECD countries. Journal of Banking and Finance, 25(12): 2305-2337.
  • Fries, S. ve Taci, A. (2005). Cost efficiency of banks in transtion: evidence from 289 bank in 15 post-communist countries. Journal of Banking and Finance, 55- 81.
  • Goldberg, L.G. ve Saunders, A. (1980). The causes of US Bank expansion overseas: The case of Great Britain. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 12(4): 630-643.
  • Goldthwaite, R. A. (1995). Banks, Places and Entrepreneurs in Renaissance Florence, Aldershot, Hampshire, Great Britain
  • Güvenç, D., Yücebalkan B., (2017). Bankacılık sektöründe teknolojik gelişimin işgücüne yansılamaları, Hukuk ve İktisat Araştırmaları Dergisi, Cilt: 9, Sayı: 2, 30-43
  • Hoggson, N. F. (1926). Banking through the ages, New York, Dodd, Mead & Company Isik, I. ve Hassan, M.K. (2003). Financial deregulation and total factor productivity change: an empirical study of Turkish commercial banks, Journal of Banking and Finance, 27 (8): 1455-1485.
  • Jiang, C., Yao, ve S., Feng, G. (2013). Bank ownership, privatization, and performance: evidence from a transition country, Journal of Banking and Finance, 37(9): 3364-3372.
  • Kepenek, Y. ve Yentürk N. (2005). Türkiye Ekonomisi. (18.b), İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Kim, Y. ve Gray, S.J. (2007). An assessment of alternative empirical measures of cultural distance: Evidence from the Republic of Korea, Asia Pasific Journal of Management, 26(1): 55-74.
  • KPMG (2020 a) Standing firm on shifting sands. https://assets.kpmg/content/dam/kpmg/xx/pdf/2020/07/standing-firm-onshifting-sands.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 09/11/2020)
  • KPMG (2020 b) Bankacılık - sektörel bakış. https://assets.kpmg/content/dam/kpmg/tr/pdf/2019/12/sektorel-bakis-2020- bankacilik.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 04/10/2020)
  • Lensink, R., Meesters, ve A., Naaborg, I. (2008). Bank efficiency and foreign ownership: do good institutions matter? Journal of Banking and Finance, 32(5): 834-844.
  • Mergers, Acquisitions and Development Source: Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 36, No. 25 (Jun. 23-29, 2001), pp. 2207-2208 Published by: Economic and Political Weekly
  • Meyer, K. E., Estrin S. (2001). Brownfield entry in emerging markets, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 32, No. 3, 575- 584
  • Nimalathasan, B. (2008). A comparative study of financial performance of banking sector in Bangladesh - An application of CAMELS rating System. Annals of University of Bucharest, Economic and Administrative Series, 141-152.
  • Nocke, V., Yeaple S. (2008). An assignment theory of foreign direct investment, The Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 75, No. 2, pp. 529-557
  • OECD (2020). Inward FDI flows by industry. https://data.oecd.org/fdi/inward-fdiflows-by-industry.htm (Erişim tarihi: 09/11/2020)
  • Patterson, N., Montanjees, M., Motala, J. ve Cardillo, C. (2004). Foreign direct investment: Trends, data, availability, concepts and recording practices. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund.
  • Sabır, H. (2002). Doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlarını gelişmekte olan ülkelere yönlendirici politikalar, HDT Dergisi, Ekim 2002, s:3
  • Statista (2020) Global banking sector ranking based on the domestic bank assets of selected countries in 2009 with a forecast to 2030 and 2050. https://www.statista.com/statistics/276180/country-ranking-based-onworldwide-bank-assets/ (Erişim tarihi: 08/10/2020)
  • Şahin, H. (2009). Türkiye ekonomisi, tarihsel gelişimi ve bugünkü durumu. Bursa: Ezgi Yayınevi.
  • The Banker, Top 1000 world banks. https://www.thebanker.com/Top-1000-WorldBanks/Top-1000-World-Banks-2018 (Erişim tarihi: 07/11/2020) Türk Bankacılık Sektöründe Yabancı Yatırım Öncesi Ve Sonrasında Banka Performansının Değerlendirilmesi 257
  • Thi, N.-A.V., Vencappa, D., (2008). Does the Entry Mode of Foreign Banks Matter for Bank Efficiency? Evidence from the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland, Working Paper No. 925, William Davidson Institute.
  • Türkiye Bankalar Birliği, (2002). Türk bankacılık sistemi 2001, Bankacılar Dergisi, Sayı 42
  • Türkiye Bankalar Birliği (2012). Türkiye’de bankacılık sektörü piyasa yapısı, firma davranışları ve rekabet analizi, İstanbul
  • Türkiye Bankalar Birliği (2020) Banka bilgileri. https://www.tbb.org.tr/ (Erişim tarihi:15/05/2020)
  • https://unctad.org/en/PublicationChapters/WIR2012MethodologicalNote_e n.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 12/09/2020)
  • UNCTAD (2020) Global foreign direct investment falls 49% in first half of 2020. https://unctad.org/news/global-foreign-direct-investment-falls-49-first-half2020 (Erişim tarihi: 09/11/2020)
  • Van Tassel, E. ve Vishwasrao, S. (2007). Asymmetric Information and the mode of entry in foreign credit markets, Journal of Banking and Finance, 31(2): 3742-3760.
  • Visual Capitalist (2020). Where worlds banks make money? https://www.visualcapitalist.com/where-worlds-banks-make-money/ (Erişim tarihi: 09/11/2020)
  • Ziraat Bankası (2019). Bankamız tarihçesi https://www.ziraatbank.com.tr/tr/bankamiz/hakkimizda/bankamiztarihcesi (Erişim tarihi: 09/11/2019)

A RESEARCH ON EVALUATION OF BANK PERFORMANCE PRE AND POST FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN TURKISH BANKING SECTOR

Year 2020, Issue: 1 - 19th International Business Congress Special Issue, 237 - 257, 25.12.2020

Güliz Lerzan Avşaroğlu İrge Şener

https://doi.org/10.18070/erciyesiibd.846508

Abstract

Due to the effect of globalization, the movement of knowledge, capital, technology among
countries accelerated as if there exists only one country; and most of the countries that wish to positively
benefit from this change opened their markets to foreign investments. In Turkey, the profitability of
banking sector after 1980s through liberalization, attracted special interest of foreign investment. As a
result, despite economical crises, Turkish banking sector continued to gain foreign investment due to
strengthening based on legal regulations. In this study, the strategies undertaken for such investments
are examined in the light of various ratios for a period from 2001 until today and the effect of the
investments on the performance of banks was tried to be measured. According to the findings, within
the frame of calculated financial ratios, it was determined that no significant difference exist between
6 private banks with foreign capital and 8 foreign banks with private capital.

Keywords

Foreign Investment Performance Banking Sector

References

  • Akgüç, Ö. (1987). 100 soruda Türkiye’de bankacılık, İstanbul: Gerçek Yayınevi, 1987.
  • Aydemir, N., (2004). Dünden bugüne Türkiye’de bankacılık, İstanbul Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, İstanbul.
  • Azam, M., Siddiqui, S. (2012). Domestic and foreign banks’ profitability: differences and their determinants. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 2(1), 33- 40.
  • Berger, A.N., Hasan, I., Zhou, M. (2009). Bank ownership and efficiency in china: what will happen in the world’s largest nation? Journal of Banking and Finance, 33 (1): 113-130.
  • Blomstrom, M., Lipsey, R.E. ve Zejan, M. (1992). What explains developing country growth? National Bureau of Economic Research, (No. w4132). Boland, V. (2009). Modern dilemma for world's oldest bank. Financial Times.
  • Borensztein, E., De Gregorio, J. ve Lee, J. (1998). How does foreign direct ınvestment affect economic growth? Journal of International Economics, 45, 115–135.
  • Chantapong, S. (2005). Comparative study of domestic and foreign bank performance in Thailand: The regression a nalysis. Economic Change and Restructuring, vol. 38, issue 1, 63-83.
  • Chambers, N. (2004). Kriz dönemi ve sonrasında bankaların finansal yapısının analizi, Avcı Ofset Matbaacılık
  • Chaudhry, I.S, Farooq, F. ve Mushtaq, A. (2014). Factors affecting portfolio investment in Pakistan: Evidence from time serıis analysis, Pakistan Economic and Social Review, Published by: Department of Economics, University of the Punjab, Vol. 52, No. 2, 141-158.
  • Claessens, S., Demirgüç-Kunt, A., Huizinga, H. (2001). How does foreign entry affect domestic banking markets? Journal of Banking and Finance, 25 (5): 891-911.
  • Claessens, S. ve Van Horen, N. (2012). Being a foreigner among domestic banks: asset or liability? Journal of Banking and Finance, 36 (5):1276-1290.
  • Çivi H., (1985). Türkiye’de bankacılık; teori, uygulama ve sonuçları, Ankara: Fon Matbaası Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Yardımcı Ders Kitabı Yayın No:1
  • Duce, M. (2003). Definitions of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): A Methodological Note, 1-16
  • Dunning, J. H. (1980). Toward an eclectic theory of ınternational production: some empirical tests. Journal of International Business Studies, 11(1), 9-31.
  • Erol, M.H. (2006). Dünyada ve Türkiye’de bankacılık sektörünün gelişimi ve Türkiye’de kamu bankalarının yeniden yapılandırılması, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul
  • FDIC (2020). Quarterly banking profile (QBP) - second quarter 2018. https://www.fdic.gov/bank/analytical/qbp/2018jun/qbp.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 09/11/2020)
  • Focarelli, D. ve Pozzolo, A. (2001). The patterns of cross-border bank mergers and shareholdings in OECD countries. Journal of Banking and Finance, 25(12): 2305-2337.
  • Fries, S. ve Taci, A. (2005). Cost efficiency of banks in transtion: evidence from 289 bank in 15 post-communist countries. Journal of Banking and Finance, 55- 81.
  • Goldberg, L.G. ve Saunders, A. (1980). The causes of US Bank expansion overseas: The case of Great Britain. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 12(4): 630-643.
  • Goldthwaite, R. A. (1995). Banks, Places and Entrepreneurs in Renaissance Florence, Aldershot, Hampshire, Great Britain
  • Güvenç, D., Yücebalkan B., (2017). Bankacılık sektöründe teknolojik gelişimin işgücüne yansılamaları, Hukuk ve İktisat Araştırmaları Dergisi, Cilt: 9, Sayı: 2, 30-43
  • Hoggson, N. F. (1926). Banking through the ages, New York, Dodd, Mead & Company Isik, I. ve Hassan, M.K. (2003). Financial deregulation and total factor productivity change: an empirical study of Turkish commercial banks, Journal of Banking and Finance, 27 (8): 1455-1485.
  • Jiang, C., Yao, ve S., Feng, G. (2013). Bank ownership, privatization, and performance: evidence from a transition country, Journal of Banking and Finance, 37(9): 3364-3372.
  • Kepenek, Y. ve Yentürk N. (2005). Türkiye Ekonomisi. (18.b), İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Kim, Y. ve Gray, S.J. (2007). An assessment of alternative empirical measures of cultural distance: Evidence from the Republic of Korea, Asia Pasific Journal of Management, 26(1): 55-74.
  • KPMG (2020 a) Standing firm on shifting sands. https://assets.kpmg/content/dam/kpmg/xx/pdf/2020/07/standing-firm-onshifting-sands.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 09/11/2020)
  • KPMG (2020 b) Bankacılık - sektörel bakış. https://assets.kpmg/content/dam/kpmg/tr/pdf/2019/12/sektorel-bakis-2020- bankacilik.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 04/10/2020)
  • Lensink, R., Meesters, ve A., Naaborg, I. (2008). Bank efficiency and foreign ownership: do good institutions matter? Journal of Banking and Finance, 32(5): 834-844.
  • Mergers, Acquisitions and Development Source: Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 36, No. 25 (Jun. 23-29, 2001), pp. 2207-2208 Published by: Economic and Political Weekly
  • Meyer, K. E., Estrin S. (2001). Brownfield entry in emerging markets, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 32, No. 3, 575- 584
  • Nimalathasan, B. (2008). A comparative study of financial performance of banking sector in Bangladesh - An application of CAMELS rating System. Annals of University of Bucharest, Economic and Administrative Series, 141-152.
  • Nocke, V., Yeaple S. (2008). An assignment theory of foreign direct investment, The Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 75, No. 2, pp. 529-557
  • OECD (2020). Inward FDI flows by industry. https://data.oecd.org/fdi/inward-fdiflows-by-industry.htm (Erişim tarihi: 09/11/2020)
  • Patterson, N., Montanjees, M., Motala, J. ve Cardillo, C. (2004). Foreign direct investment: Trends, data, availability, concepts and recording practices. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund.
  • Sabır, H. (2002). Doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlarını gelişmekte olan ülkelere yönlendirici politikalar, HDT Dergisi, Ekim 2002, s:3
  • Statista (2020) Global banking sector ranking based on the domestic bank assets of selected countries in 2009 with a forecast to 2030 and 2050. https://www.statista.com/statistics/276180/country-ranking-based-onworldwide-bank-assets/ (Erişim tarihi: 08/10/2020)
  • Şahin, H. (2009). Türkiye ekonomisi, tarihsel gelişimi ve bugünkü durumu. Bursa: Ezgi Yayınevi.
  • The Banker, Top 1000 world banks. https://www.thebanker.com/Top-1000-WorldBanks/Top-1000-World-Banks-2018 (Erişim tarihi: 07/11/2020) Türk Bankacılık Sektöründe Yabancı Yatırım Öncesi Ve Sonrasında Banka Performansının Değerlendirilmesi 257
  • Thi, N.-A.V., Vencappa, D., (2008). Does the Entry Mode of Foreign Banks Matter for Bank Efficiency? Evidence from the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland, Working Paper No. 925, William Davidson Institute.
  • Türkiye Bankalar Birliği, (2002). Türk bankacılık sistemi 2001, Bankacılar Dergisi, Sayı 42
  • Türkiye Bankalar Birliği (2012). Türkiye’de bankacılık sektörü piyasa yapısı, firma davranışları ve rekabet analizi, İstanbul
  • Türkiye Bankalar Birliği (2020) Banka bilgileri. https://www.tbb.org.tr/ (Erişim tarihi:15/05/2020)
  • https://unctad.org/en/PublicationChapters/WIR2012MethodologicalNote_e n.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 12/09/2020)
  • UNCTAD (2020) Global foreign direct investment falls 49% in first half of 2020. https://unctad.org/news/global-foreign-direct-investment-falls-49-first-half2020 (Erişim tarihi: 09/11/2020)
  • Van Tassel, E. ve Vishwasrao, S. (2007). Asymmetric Information and the mode of entry in foreign credit markets, Journal of Banking and Finance, 31(2): 3742-3760.
  • Visual Capitalist (2020). Where worlds banks make money? https://www.visualcapitalist.com/where-worlds-banks-make-money/ (Erişim tarihi: 09/11/2020)
  • Ziraat Bankası (2019). Bankamız tarihçesi https://www.ziraatbank.com.tr/tr/bankamiz/hakkimizda/bankamiztarihcesi (Erişim tarihi: 09/11/2019)
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Güliz Lerzan Avşaroğlu This is me

İrge Şener

Publication Date December 25, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Issue: 1 - 19th International Business Congress Special Issue

Cite

APA Avşaroğlu, G. L., & Şener, İ. (2020). TÜRK BANKACILIK SEKTÖRÜNDE YABANCI YATIRIM ÖNCESİ VE SONRASINDA BANKA PERFORMANSININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi(1), 237-257. https://doi.org/10.18070/erciyesiibd.846508
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