Abstract
II. Dünya Savaşı’ndan günümüze kadar askeri darbeler Orta Doğu’da değişmeyen siyasal olgulardan biridir. Suriye, tartışmalı sınırları ve çoklu toplum yapısı dolayısıyla darbelerin en yoğun yaşandığı ülkelerden biri olmuştur. 30 Mart 1949 tarihinde Suriye’de gerçekleşen Albay Zaim Darbesi, Orta Doğu’da II. Dünya Savaşı sonrasındaki askeri darbe dalgasının başlangıcını ve prototipini oluşturur. Bu darbeyle ilk defa ABD, Orta Doğu’da ki ulusal çıkarlarını, askeri diktatörlüklerle rahatlıkla koruyabildiğini görerek, bölgede birçok askeri darbenin aktörü oldu ve çeşitli ülkelerde diktatörleri iktidara getirdi. Dört buçuk ay gibi kısa süreli bir tarih kesitini işaret eden Zaim yönetimi, günümüze kadar Hatay’ın Türkiye toprağı olduğunu kabul ederek Türkiye’nin siyasal egemenliğini ve toprak bütünlüğünü tanıyan tek Suriye iktidarıdır. Zaim’in bu dostane politikasına karşılık Türkiye de iyimser bir yaklaşımla darbe yönetimini erken tanıyan ülkelerden biri olmuştur. Ancak Türkiye’nin Albay Zaim iktidarı döneminde Suriye politikası makro planda SSCB tehdidi, Arap devletleri arasında güç mücadeleleri ve Suriye’nin iç politik konjonktürünün zorlamalarının da etkisiyle kontrollü olmuştur.
Keywords
References
- ARI, T. (2014). Geçmişten Günümüze Ortadoğu Siyaset, Savaş, Diplomasi. Bursa: Dora Basım Yayın.
- ARMAOĞLU, F. (2017). Filistin Meselesi ve Arap-İsrail Savaşları (1948-1988). İstanbul: Kronik Kitap.
- BE’ERİ, E. (1982). The Waning of the Military Coup in Arab Politics”. Middle East Studies, 18(1), 69-81. CARLETON, A. (1950). The Syrian Coups D’Etat of 1949. Middle East Journal, 4(1), 1-11.
- EPPEL, M. (1996). Syrian-Iraqi Relations During the 1948 Palestine War. Middle Easern Studies, 32(3), 74-91.
- GINAT, R. (1996). Policy Towards The Arab World 1945-1948. Middle Eastern Studies, 32(4), 321-335.
- GOLDSCHMİDT, A. ve LAWRENCE, D. (2005). Kısa Orta Doğu Tarihi. Çev. Aydemir GÜLER. İstanbul: Ufuk Matbaası.
- BERKTAY, H. (2017). “Devrim Darbe Demokrasi”, 23 Temmuz 2017, http://www.serbestiyet.com/yazarlar/halil-berktay/devrim-darbe-demokrasi-806154 (Erişim Tarihi 7 Şubat 2019).
- HASSAN, S. (2008). Turkey’s İsrael Policy Since 1945. İndian History Congress, 69, 921-929.
- HINNEBUSCH, R. (2002) . The Foreing Policy of Syria, Raymond Hinnesbush ve Anoushiravan Ehteshami (Ed.). The Foreing Policies of Middle East içinde (pp. 141-165). London: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
- KHADDURİ, M. (1951). Constitutinal Development in Syria: With Emphasis on the Constitution of 1950. Middle East Journal, 5(2), 137-160.
- KÜRKÇÜOĞLU, Ö, (1972). Türkiye’nin Arap Orta Doğusuna Karşı Politikası (1945-1970), Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Yayınları.
- LITTLE, D. (1990). Cold War and Covert Action: The United States and Syria 1945-1958. Middle East Jounal, 44( 1), 51-75.
- LITTLE, D. (2004). The CIA and the Cult of Covert Action in the Middle East. Diplomatic History, 28 (5), 663-701. LUTTWAK, E. (1996). Bir Uzmanın Gözüyle Darbe, Çev. Edib İ.POLAT, Ankara: Yaba Yayınları.
- LYNCH M. (2002). Jordan’s Identity and Interest . Shibley Telhami and Michael Barnett(Ed.), Identity and Foreing Policy In The Middle East içinde (pp.26-57). Newyork: Cornell Universty Press.
- MAITY, A.(1954). The Problem Of Turkish Straits. The Indian Journal Of Political Science, 15(2), 134-152.
- MILTON, E. (2008). Contemporary Politics in the Middle East. Malden: Polity Press.
- OWEN, R. (2004). State, Power And Politics in The Making Of The Modern Middle East. New York: Taylor Fracis Group Press.
- QAZAZZ, A. (1967). Military Regimes and
Abstract
From the World War II to the present military coups have become one of the unchanging
political phenomenon in Middle East. Syria has been one of the countries with the most intense
experiences due to the disputable borders and the multi-society structure. The Colonel Zaim coup in
Syria on March 30, 1949 constitutes the beginning and prototype of the military coup wave in the
Middle East. Short-lived Zaim government has become the only one in Syria up to now to accept
sovereignty and territorial of Turkey, Hatay district as Turkey's land. Turkey was one of the earliest
countries to recognize the government of coup in Syria in an optimistic policy in return for Zaim's
friendly approach. However, Turkey's Syria policy in Zaim period was restrained due to the internal
political balance in Syria and the threat of USSR as well as the power struggle between the Arab
states in the macro plan.
Keywords
References
- ARI, T. (2014). Geçmişten Günümüze Ortadoğu Siyaset, Savaş, Diplomasi. Bursa: Dora Basım Yayın.
- ARMAOĞLU, F. (2017). Filistin Meselesi ve Arap-İsrail Savaşları (1948-1988). İstanbul: Kronik Kitap.
- BE’ERİ, E. (1982). The Waning of the Military Coup in Arab Politics”. Middle East Studies, 18(1), 69-81. CARLETON, A. (1950). The Syrian Coups D’Etat of 1949. Middle East Journal, 4(1), 1-11.
- EPPEL, M. (1996). Syrian-Iraqi Relations During the 1948 Palestine War. Middle Easern Studies, 32(3), 74-91.
- GINAT, R. (1996). Policy Towards The Arab World 1945-1948. Middle Eastern Studies, 32(4), 321-335.
- GOLDSCHMİDT, A. ve LAWRENCE, D. (2005). Kısa Orta Doğu Tarihi. Çev. Aydemir GÜLER. İstanbul: Ufuk Matbaası.
- BERKTAY, H. (2017). “Devrim Darbe Demokrasi”, 23 Temmuz 2017, http://www.serbestiyet.com/yazarlar/halil-berktay/devrim-darbe-demokrasi-806154 (Erişim Tarihi 7 Şubat 2019).
- HASSAN, S. (2008). Turkey’s İsrael Policy Since 1945. İndian History Congress, 69, 921-929.
- HINNEBUSCH, R. (2002) . The Foreing Policy of Syria, Raymond Hinnesbush ve Anoushiravan Ehteshami (Ed.). The Foreing Policies of Middle East içinde (pp. 141-165). London: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
- KHADDURİ, M. (1951). Constitutinal Development in Syria: With Emphasis on the Constitution of 1950. Middle East Journal, 5(2), 137-160.
- KÜRKÇÜOĞLU, Ö, (1972). Türkiye’nin Arap Orta Doğusuna Karşı Politikası (1945-1970), Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Yayınları.
- LITTLE, D. (1990). Cold War and Covert Action: The United States and Syria 1945-1958. Middle East Jounal, 44( 1), 51-75.
- LITTLE, D. (2004). The CIA and the Cult of Covert Action in the Middle East. Diplomatic History, 28 (5), 663-701. LUTTWAK, E. (1996). Bir Uzmanın Gözüyle Darbe, Çev. Edib İ.POLAT, Ankara: Yaba Yayınları.
- LYNCH M. (2002). Jordan’s Identity and Interest . Shibley Telhami and Michael Barnett(Ed.), Identity and Foreing Policy In The Middle East içinde (pp.26-57). Newyork: Cornell Universty Press.
- MAITY, A.(1954). The Problem Of Turkish Straits. The Indian Journal Of Political Science, 15(2), 134-152.
- MILTON, E. (2008). Contemporary Politics in the Middle East. Malden: Polity Press.
- OWEN, R. (2004). State, Power And Politics in The Making Of The Modern Middle East. New York: Taylor Fracis Group Press.
- QAZAZZ, A. (1967). Military Regimes and
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Makaleler |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 23, 2020 |
| Acceptance Date | October 12, 2020 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2020 Issue: 57 |
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