ULUSLARARASI GÜVENLİK KAPSAMINDA RİSK TOPLUMU VE FONKSİYONALİST BAKIŞ AÇISI: COVİD-19 SALGINI VE DÜNYA SAĞLIK ÖRGÜTÜ ÖRNEĞİ
Abstract
Özellikle modern dönemin getirisi olan risk toplumu kavramı, günümüz toplumunun da bir gerçeğidir. Risk toplumu karşısında ulus-devletler, artık tekil bireyler değillerdir. Bu kapsamda ulus-devletlerin karşılıklı eşgüdüm içerisinde ortaya çıkabilecek riskleri bertaraf edebilmeleri gerekmektedir. Bu duruma yönelik tarih boyunca çeşitli araştırmacılar tarafından bölgesel ve küresel ölçekte uygulanabilecek bütünleşme teorileri oluşturulmuştur. Bu yaklaşımlardan birisi olan fonksiyonalizm, İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrası dönemde David Mitrany tarafından oluşturulmuştur. Mitrany, fonksiyonalizm olarak adlandırılan bu yaklaşım ile alanında uzmanlaşmış hükümetler arası fonksiyonel örgütler fikrinin esas alınarak uluslararası güvenlik ortamının sağlanabileceğini önermektedir. Bu çalışma, Mitrany ile özdeşleşmiş olan fonksiyonalizm kavramı ve Ulrich Beck ile özdeşleşmiş risk toplumu kavramları açıklanarak birbirleri ile ilişkisine değinilmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu kapsamda çalışmanın ilk iki bölümünde her iki kavram detaylı olarak açıklanmıştır. Çalışmanın üçüncü bölümünde dünyanın halihazırda içinde bulunduğu Covid-19 salgını risk toplumuna, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) ise hükümetler arası bir örgüt olması bakımından fonksiyonalizm yaklaşımına bir örnek olarak sunulmuştur. Covid-19 salgını ve DSÖ örnekleri ile bu iki yaklaşımın birbirleri ile olan ilişkisi çalışmanın ana odak noktasıdır. Çalışma boyunca detaylı bir
literatür taraması yapılarak ilgili kavramlar açıklanmış, betimsel araştırma tekniği ana yöntem olarak
seçilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, ulus-devletlerin ortaya çıkabilecek potansiyel riskler karşısında kendi ulusal güvenliklerini sağlamalarının tek başlarına yapılabilecek bir durum olmaktan çıktığı görülmüştür. Artık ulus-devletler birbirleri ile etkileşim içerisinde olmalı ve ortak eşgüdüm içerisinde uluslararası ve ulusal güvenliği sağlamalıdırlar. Netice itibari ile risk toplumunda ulusal güvenlik ile uluslararası güvenlik bütünleşmiş durumdadır.
Thanks
Teşekkür ediyor, kolaylıklar diliyorum.
References
- Referans 1 Prof. Dr. Sibel Turan, Trakya Üniversitesi İİBF Uluslararası İlişkiler Bölümü
- Referans 2 Prof. Dr. Ahmer Karadağ, İnönü Üniversitesi İİBF Siyaset Bilimi ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Bölümü
- KAYNAKÇA Akgül, M. ve Can, E. N. (2021). Risk Toplumu Bağlamında Covid-19 Haberlerine Yönelik Bir İnceleme. Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 17(33): 535-564. Alexandrescu, M. (2007). David Mitrany: From Federalism to Functionalism. Transylvanian Review, 16(1): 20-33. Anderson, D. (1998). David Mitrany (1888-1975): An Appreciaciton of His Life and Work. Review of International Studies, 24(4): 577-592. Beck, U. (2011). Risk toplumu başka bir modernliğe doğru (1. Baskı). İstanbul: İthaki Yayınları.
RISK SOCIETY AND FUNCTIONALIST PERSPECTIVE IN INTERNATIONAL SECURITY: THE CASE OF THE COVID-19 EPIDEMİC AND WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
Abstract
In particular, the concept of a risk society, which is the return of the modern era, is also a
fact of today's society. In the face of risk society, nation-states are no longer singular individuals. In
this context, nation-states should be able to eliminate risks that may arise in mutual coordination.
Integration theories that can be applied on a regional and global scale have been created by various
researchers throughout history for this situation. One of these approaches, functionalism, was created
by David Mitrany in the Post-World War II period. Mitrany proposes that with this approach, called
functionalism, an international security environment can be achieved based on the idea of
intergovernmental functional organizations specializing in this field. The aim of this study was to
explain the concept of functionalism identified with Mitrany and the concepts of risk society
identified with Ulrich Beck and to address their relationship with each other. In this context, both
concepts are explained in detail in the first two parts of the study. In the third part of the study, the
Covid-19 epidemic in which the world is already located is presented as an example of the risk
society, and the World Health Organization (WHO) is an intergovernmental organization, as an
example of a functionalism approach. The relationship between the Covid-19 outbreak and the WHO
samples and the two approaches to each other is the main focus of the study. During the study, a
detailed literature review was conducted and related concepts were explained, and descriptive
research technique was selected as the main method. As a result of the study, it was found that the
ability of nation-states to ensure their national security in the face of potential risks that may arise
ceases to be a situation that can be done alone. Nation-states must now interact with each other and
ensure international and national security in common coordination. As a result, national security and
international security are integrated in the risk society
Keywords
Functionalism Risk Society Covid-19 Epidemic World Health Organization International Security
References
- Referans 1 Prof. Dr. Sibel Turan, Trakya Üniversitesi İİBF Uluslararası İlişkiler Bölümü
- Referans 2 Prof. Dr. Ahmer Karadağ, İnönü Üniversitesi İİBF Siyaset Bilimi ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Bölümü
- KAYNAKÇA Akgül, M. ve Can, E. N. (2021). Risk Toplumu Bağlamında Covid-19 Haberlerine Yönelik Bir İnceleme. Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 17(33): 535-564. Alexandrescu, M. (2007). David Mitrany: From Federalism to Functionalism. Transylvanian Review, 16(1): 20-33. Anderson, D. (1998). David Mitrany (1888-1975): An Appreciaciton of His Life and Work. Review of International Studies, 24(4): 577-592. Beck, U. (2011). Risk toplumu başka bir modernliğe doğru (1. Baskı). İstanbul: İthaki Yayınları.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Makaleler |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | August 31, 2021 |
| Acceptance Date | June 14, 2021 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2021 Issue: 59 |
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