Abstract
Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de cinsiyete dayalı ücret eşitsizliği işveren (emek talebi) açısından ele alınmış ve 81 ilde yayımlanmış özel sektör işverenleri tarafından verilen ücret bilgileri girilmiş tam zamanlı iş ilanlardan oluşan 2018 yılı İŞKUR (Türkiye İş Kurumu) açık iş ilanlarına dayalı veri seti kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada sıklık analizleri ve yüzdeler hesaplanarak yatay kesit veri analizi yapılmıştır. Sonuçlara göre Türkiye’de erkeklere kadınlardan daha yüksek ücret ödendiği tespit edilmiştir. Ücret ortalaması (kadın ve erkekler için) en yüksek inşaat sektöründe, en düşük tarım sektöründedir. Cinsiyete dayalı ücret eşitsizliği en fazla tarım ve sırasıyla hizmetler, sanayi, inşaat sektörlerinde gözlenmiştir. Kadınlar ortalama olarak en yüksek ücreti teknik ressamlık, mühendislik ve teknikerlik gibi teknik mesleklerde alırken, erkekler genel müdürlük, usta öğretici, şoför, bilgisayar programcısı, kontrolör, şef, amir, eksper gibi uzmanlık gerektiren mesleklerde almıştır. Kadınlara en yüksek ücret Afyonkarahisar, Kars ve İstanbul; en düşük ücret Iğdır, Diyarbakır ve Kırıkkale’de ödenmiştir. Eğitim düzeyi arttıkça alınan ücret düzeyi kadınlar ve erkekler için artmıştır fakat tüm eğitim kademelerinde kadınlar erkeklerden daha düşük ücret almaktadır. Kadınlar en yüksek ücreti 20-24 yaş aralığında alırken, ücretlerin evlilik yaşıyla paralel olarak azaldığı fakat erkeklerin en yüksek ücreti 30-34 yaş aralığında aldığı ve ücretlerin tecrübeye göre arttığı tespit edilmiştir.
Keywords
References
- Aile, Çalışma ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığı (2016). Meslek Liseleri ve Meslek Yüksekokullarından Mezun Olan Genç Kızların İşsizlik Sorunu ve Çözüm Önerileri Toplantısı, 16 Aralık 2016. Ankara, Erişim Tarihi: 05 Mayıs 2021, https://www.aile.gov.tr/ksgm/haberler/meslek-liseleri-ve-meslek-yuksekokullarindan-mezun-olan-genc-kizlarin-issizlik-sorunu-ve-cozum-onerileri-toplantisi-16-aralik-2016-tarihinde-gerceklestirildi/
- Aktaş. A. ve Uysal. G. (2016). The gender wage gap in Turkey. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 38(2), 1 – 19. https://doi.org/10.14780/muiibd.280227
- Aksoylu, D. ve Karaalp-Orhan, H.S. (2018). Ücret farklılıklarına neden olan faktörler ve işgücü piyasasında tabakalaşma: Ankara ili inşaat sektörü üzerine bir alan araştırması. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 16(2),1–20, https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.349967
- Aksoylu, D. ve Karaalp-Orhan, H.S. (2019). Sağlık sektöründe cinsiyete dayalı ücret eşitsizliği: bir alan araştırması. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1), 1 – 18. https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.412829
- Becker G. (1957). The economics of discrimination. Chigago: The University of Chicago Press.
- Becker, G. (1962). Investment in human capital: a theoretical analysis, Journal of Political Economy, 70(5), 9 – 49. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1829103
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the gender-based wage discrimination in Turkey in terms of the employer (labour demand) by using full-time job private sector job vacancy posts published by İŞKUR (Turkish Employment Agency) for 81 provinces in 2018. In the study, cross-sectional data analysis was performed by calculating frequency analyzes and percentages. The results indicate that men receive higher wages than women. While the highest average wage was paid in the construction sector, the lowest wage was paid in the agricultural sector. Gender-based wage inequality was found in agriculture and then services, industry, and construction sectors respectively. Women receive the highest salaries in technical professions such as draftsmanship, engineering, and technician and men receive the highest salaries in general directors and professions that require expertise such as master trainer, driver, computer programmer, controller, supervisor, and expert. The highest salaries are paid to women in Afyonkarahisar, Kars and Istanbul and the lowest average wage was paid in Iğdır, Diyarbakır and Kırıkkale respectively. As the level of education increased, wages paid are increased however, women earn lower wages than men at all levels of education. While women get the highest wage between the ages of 20-24, wages decrease in parallel with the age of marriage, but it has been determined that men get the highest wage between the ages of 30-34 and the wages increase according to experience.
Keywords
References
- Aile, Çalışma ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığı (2016). Meslek Liseleri ve Meslek Yüksekokullarından Mezun Olan Genç Kızların İşsizlik Sorunu ve Çözüm Önerileri Toplantısı, 16 Aralık 2016. Ankara, Erişim Tarihi: 05 Mayıs 2021, https://www.aile.gov.tr/ksgm/haberler/meslek-liseleri-ve-meslek-yuksekokullarindan-mezun-olan-genc-kizlarin-issizlik-sorunu-ve-cozum-onerileri-toplantisi-16-aralik-2016-tarihinde-gerceklestirildi/
- Aktaş. A. ve Uysal. G. (2016). The gender wage gap in Turkey. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 38(2), 1 – 19. https://doi.org/10.14780/muiibd.280227
- Aksoylu, D. ve Karaalp-Orhan, H.S. (2018). Ücret farklılıklarına neden olan faktörler ve işgücü piyasasında tabakalaşma: Ankara ili inşaat sektörü üzerine bir alan araştırması. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 16(2),1–20, https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.349967
- Aksoylu, D. ve Karaalp-Orhan, H.S. (2019). Sağlık sektöründe cinsiyete dayalı ücret eşitsizliği: bir alan araştırması. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1), 1 – 18. https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.412829
- Becker G. (1957). The economics of discrimination. Chigago: The University of Chicago Press.
- Becker, G. (1962). Investment in human capital: a theoretical analysis, Journal of Political Economy, 70(5), 9 – 49. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1829103
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Makaleler |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | April 28, 2022 |
| Publication Date | April 29, 2022 |
| Acceptance Date | November 16, 2021 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022 Issue: 61 |
Cited By
Analysis of the Differences Between Female and Male Employment in Türkiye with Different Variables
Studia Universitatis „Vasile Goldis” Arad – Economics Series
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An Assessment of Occupational Accidents and Diseases Among Female Healthcare Personnel in Human Health Services
Karaelmas İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.33720/kisgd.1297252
GENDER WAGE GAP IN REGIONAL TURKISH LABOR MARKETS: NUTS1 REGIONS
Pamukkale University Journal of Social Sciences Institute
https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1259237
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