ABD'DE DİN ÖZGÜRLÜĞÜ: KİLİSE VE DEVLET ARASINDAKİ AYRIM

Year 2023, Issue: 65, 67 - 72, 31.08.2023

Üstün Yüksel , Hakkı Büyükbaş

https://doi.org/10.18070/erciyesiibd.1213140

Abstract

Din özgürlüğü, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde (ABD) temel bir hak olarak kurulmuştur. Thomas Jefferson’un ünlü ‘ayrılık duvarı’ metaforu ile ‘kilise ve devlet arasında bir duvar’ inşa etmek suretiyle din
özgürlüğünü devletin muhtemel baskısına karşı güvence altına almıştır. Bu metaphor, kilise ve devlet ilişkilerinin sınırlarını belirleyerek din özgürlüğünü temel insani hak olarak hukuki temel çerçevesini oluşturmuştur. ABD Anayasası’nın yazarı James Madison, da din özgürlüğü için kilise ve devlet ilişkilerinin ayrılmasına özel bir önem vermektedir. ABD Anayasası birinci maddesi din özgürlüğünü garanti altına almıştır. Amerikan tarzı kilise ve devlet ayrılığı, Türk vatandaşlarının anayasa tartışmaları için ilgi çekici bir konu olabilir. Türkiye son zamanlarda yeni ve sivil bir anayasa arayışındadır. Bu bağlamda TBMM önceki Başkanı İsmail Kahraman, 2021’de Türkiye’nin yeni anayasasının ‘Türk vatandaşlarının din özgürlüğünü garanti altına alması’ gerektiğini öne sürdü. Bu nedenle, Amerikan kilise ve devlet ilişkilerinde din özgürlüğü tarzını incelemekle ilgileniyoruz.

Keywords

Duvar ayırımı, Birinci Madde, Kilise ve Devlet ayırımı, Din özgürlüğü, Türkiye ve yeni Anayasa., Wall of Separation, the First Amendment, Church and State Separation, Religious freedom, Türkiye and new constitution.

RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN THE USA: SEPARATION BETWEEN CHURCH AND STATE

Abstract

Religious freedom has been established as a fundamental right in the United States of America (U.S.A.). Thomas Jefferson’s famous ‘wall of separation’ metaphor has taken religious freedom under protection against possible oppression by the state, by building a high wall between church and state. Jefferson’s metaphor established the legal basis of religious freedom as a fundamental human right by defining the boundaries of church and state relations. James Madison also, the author of the U.S. Constitution, attributes a special importance to religious freedom. The U.S. Constitution guaranteed freedom of religion in the First Amendment. American style of church and state separation might be an intriguing topic for Turkish citizens’ constitutional debate. Turkey has been in search of a new and civil constitution recently. In this regard, Former Speaker of the Grand National Assembly İsmail Kahraman proposed in 2021 that Türkiye’s new constitution should ‘guarantee religious freedom for Turkish citizens’. Therefore, we are interested in examining the American style of church and state relations for freedom of religion.

Keywords

Wall of Separation, the First Amendment, Church and State Separation, Religious freedom, Türkiye and new constitution.

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