DÜNYA BANKASI VE ÇİN'İN KARŞILIKLI FAYDAYA DAYALI İŞBİRLİĞİ: YENİLİK ÖNYARGISININ ÜSTESİNDEN GELMEK

Year 2021, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 20 - 45, 29.12.2021

Özlem Küçük

https://doi.org/10.18354/esam.1029287

Abstract

Dünya Bankası’ndan kredi almaya başladıktan sonra uluslararası ticarete ve yatırıma açıklık, Çin'in ekonomik dönüşümünün ayrılmaz bir parçası olmuştur. Hızlı ve uzun bir ekonomik büyümeyi bilim ve teknolojide ki yeniliklerle destekleyerek sürdürmüştür. Bu makale, Çin’in yabancı yatırımı teşvik eden ekonomik büyüme modeliyle inovasyona dayalı teknolojik gelişiminde ve piyasa ekonomisine uyumunda Dünya Bankası’nın etkisini incelemektedir. Sadece firmalar, üniversiteler ve araştırma enstitüleri arasında değil, aynı zamanda bireyler arasında da rekabete uyumlu ve yeniliğe açık Çin’in kurumsal değişimi akademik çalışmalar ve Banka’nın raporları incelenerek tartışmaya açılacaktır. Çin’in emek yoğun imalattan teknolojik imalata geçişini destekleyen reformlarda Banka’nın katkısı araştırılacaktır. Böylece, yeni Çin tüketim toplumu oluşurken, piyasa ekonomisiyle uyumu sağlanmıştır. Öyle ki, uzun bir süredir, Amerikan tüketimi dünya ekonomisinin temel itici güçlerinden birisiyken, Çin’de ortaya çıkan orta sınıf, yeni pazar olarak ulusötesi şirketlerin yatırımlarını çekmektedir. Ancak, ABD ve Çin arasında yükselen ticaret savaşı, teknoloji milliyetçiliği ve Covid-19 krizi, Çin’in büyümesini olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Banka’nın Çin’e verdiği kredinin ABD üst yönetimi tarafından yüksek perdeden eleştirisi, Çin’li teknoloji firmalarına konulan ambargolar gibi yükselen duvarlar, Çin ekonomisinin büyümesinin üzerinde engellerdir. Nitekim, Amerikan çok uluslu şirketlerinin çıkarlarını koruyan ABD ile yüksek teknoloji üretimini ABD’nin tekelinden çıkarmak isteyen Çin arasında gerginlik ve rekabet artarak sürecektir.

Keywords

Dünya Bankası,, Çin,, Kalkınma,, Teknoloji Üstünlüğü Politikası

Supporting Institution

Kocaeli Üniversitesi

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