GLOBAL ALTIN ARZ-TALEBİ VE ALTIN PİYASALARI ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Year 2021,
Volume: 20 Issue: 80, 2240 - 2260, 01.10.2021
Remzi Başar
,
Mehmet Saraç
Abstract
İnsanlık tarihi boyunca zenginliğin sembolü olan altın binlerce yıldır değerini koruyan ve kıymetini de sürekli olarak arttıran en önemli kıymetli metaldir. Eski çağlarda genellikle para yapımında ve ödeme aracı olarak kullanılsa da günümüzde mücevher olarak ve endüstriyel alanda kullanılmasına ilaveten aynı zamanda bir yatırım aracı olarak önemini her geçen gün arttırmaktadır.
Son yıllarda sıklıkla yaşanan ekonomik dalgalanmalar, bireyler ve finansal kurumlar için çeşitli yatırım araçlarına duyulan güveni azaltarak, kriz zamanlarında altının daha fazla tercih edilen bir yatırım aracı ve cazibesi sürekli artan bir güvenli liman olmasını sağlamaktadır. Merkez Bankaları ve devletler ölçeğinde bakıldığında da altın ülke para birimleri ile varlıklarının değerini korumada vazgeçilmez bir yere ve öneme sahiptir.
Literatür incelemesi şeklindeki çalışma ile son yıllarda ülke merkez bankalarının aşırı para arzı ve yaşanan finansal krizlerin de etkisiyle yüksek oranda artış gösteren bu değerli metalin küresel arz ve talebi ile dünya çapındaki altın piyasalarının incelenmesi üzerine bir değerlendirme yapılması amaçlanmaktadır.
References
- Başar, R. (2015). Global Altın Fiyatlarının Modellenmesi ve Tahmini, Doktora Tezi, Sakarya Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
- CME Chicago Mercantile Exchange, http://www.cmegroup.com/, (18.11.2020).
- Fei, F. ve K. Adibe (2010). Theories of Gold Price Movements: Common Wisdom or Myths, Undergraduate Economic Review, 6, Article 5.
- Goldbarsworldwide (2014). Gold Associations and Exchanges PDF Document, https://goldbarsworldwide.com/PDF/BI_1_GoldAssociations.pdf.
- Goldmoney.com, https://www.goldmoney.com/research/encyclopedia/general/gold-trading-markets-and-exchanges, (28.11.2020).
- ICE, How the LBMA Gold and Silver Prices Work. https://www.theice.com/iba/lbma-gold-silver-price, (28.11.2020).
- LBMA London Bullion Market Association (2020a), http://www.lbma.org.uk/gdl-gold-bar-specifications, (18.11.2020).
- LBMA London Bullion Market Association (2020b). http://www.lbma.org.uk/aboutmembership & http://www.lbma.org.uk/current membership, (28.11.2020).
- LBMA London Bullion Market Association (2020c). LBMA Gold Price, http://www.lbma.org.uk/lbma-gold-price, (28.11.2020).
- Olden, P. (2010). Implications for the Supply Chain of Gold and Other Precious Metals, OECD Due Diligence Guidance For Responsible Supply Chain Management Of Minerals From Conflict-Affected And High Risk Areas, p.33.
http://www.oecd.org/daf/internationalinvestment/guidelinesformultinationalenterprises/46080654.pdf.
- Saraç, M., Zeren, F. ve Başar, R. (2015). Küresel Altın Fiyatlarıyla ABD Ek Beslenme Yardımı Harcamaları ve Baltık Kuru Yük Endeksi Arasındaki Etkileşim, İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 44(1): 12-20.
- Saraç, M., ve Başar, R. (2015). Amerikan Ekonomisindeki Borçluluğun Altın Fiyatlarına Etkisi, Düzce Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5(2): 1-21.
- SPDR Gold Shares (2020). Product Key Facts, https://www.spdrgoldshares.com/media/GLD/file/hong_kong/SPDR-HK-KFS-and-Prospectus-June-2020-EN.pdf.
- Statista.com, Leading Gold Producing Companies Worldwide in 2019, https://www.statista.com/statistics/277031/top-gold-producing-companies-worldwide/, (25.11.2020).
- TOCOM Tokyo Commodity Exchange, https://www.tocom.or.jp/news/2017/20170802.html, (18.11.2020).
- Vural, M. G. (2003). Altın Piyasası Ve Türkiye’de Altın Fiyatlarını Etkileyen Faktörler, Uzmanlık Yeterlilik Tezi, Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası Piyasalar Genel Müdürlüğü.
- World Gold Council (2011a). The Hidden Element in Innovation Report, https://www.gold.org/goldhub/research/gold-hidden-element-innovation-report.
- World Gold Council (2011b). Liquidity In The Global Gold Market, WGC Report, https://www.gold.org/sites/default/files/documents/gold-investment-research/liquidity_in_the_global_gold_market.pdf.
- World Gold Council (2011c). An Investor’s Guide to The Gold Market European Edition Report, WGC Report, www.gold.org.
- World Gold Council (2013a). Gold Investor - Risk Management and Capital Preservation, Why invest in gold? Gold’s Role in Long-Term Strategies, WGC Report, https://www.gold.org/sites/default/files/documents/gold-investor-201307.pdf.
- World Gold Council (2013b).The Direct Economic Impact of Gold, PWC WGC Report, https://www.gold.org/sites/default/files/documents/PWC_direct_economic_impact_of_gold.pdf.
- World Gold Council (2020a). How much gold has been mined?, www.world.org/about-gold/gold-supply/gold-mining/how-much-gold, (30.10.2020).
- World Gold Council (2020b). Gold-Mining-Production-Volumes-Data, www.gold.org/goldhub/data/historical-mine-production, (30.10.2020).
- World Gold Council (2020c). Gold Mining – Mine Production, https://www.gold.org/about-gold/gold-supply/gold-mining, (25.11.2020).
- World Gold Council (2020d). Gold Demand Trends Full Year and Q4 2019, https://www.gold.org/goldhub/research/gold-demand-trends/gold-demand-trends-full-year-2019/supply, (25.11.2020).
- World Gold Council (2020e). Gold Supply and Demand Statistics, https://www.gold.org/goldhub/data/gold-supply-and-demand-statistics, (25.11.2020).
- World Gold Council (2020f). World Offıcıal Gold Holdings - November 2020, https://www.gold.org/download/file/7739/world_official_gold_holdings_as_of_November2020_ifs.xlsx, (26.11.2020).
- World Gold Council (2020g). Monthly Central Bank Statistics & CBGA Sales & Gold Mining Production Volumes Data, https://www.gold.org/goldhub/data/monthly-central-bank-statistics & https://www.gold.org/download/file/7745/CBGA_sales.xlsx & https://www.gold.org/download/file/7593/Gold-Mining-Production-Volumes-Data.xlsx, (26.11.2020).
- World Gold Council (2020h). Gold Demand Trends Q3 2020, https://www.gold.org/goldhub/research/gold-demand-trends/gold-demand-trends-q3-2020 & https://www.gold.org/download/file/15269/gdt-q3-2020-statistics-en.xlsx, (26.11.2020).
Year 2021,
Volume: 20 Issue: 80, 2240 - 2260, 01.10.2021
Remzi Başar
,
Mehmet Saraç
References
- Başar, R. (2015). Global Altın Fiyatlarının Modellenmesi ve Tahmini, Doktora Tezi, Sakarya Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
- CME Chicago Mercantile Exchange, http://www.cmegroup.com/, (18.11.2020).
- Fei, F. ve K. Adibe (2010). Theories of Gold Price Movements: Common Wisdom or Myths, Undergraduate Economic Review, 6, Article 5.
- Goldbarsworldwide (2014). Gold Associations and Exchanges PDF Document, https://goldbarsworldwide.com/PDF/BI_1_GoldAssociations.pdf.
- Goldmoney.com, https://www.goldmoney.com/research/encyclopedia/general/gold-trading-markets-and-exchanges, (28.11.2020).
- ICE, How the LBMA Gold and Silver Prices Work. https://www.theice.com/iba/lbma-gold-silver-price, (28.11.2020).
- LBMA London Bullion Market Association (2020a), http://www.lbma.org.uk/gdl-gold-bar-specifications, (18.11.2020).
- LBMA London Bullion Market Association (2020b). http://www.lbma.org.uk/aboutmembership & http://www.lbma.org.uk/current membership, (28.11.2020).
- LBMA London Bullion Market Association (2020c). LBMA Gold Price, http://www.lbma.org.uk/lbma-gold-price, (28.11.2020).
- Olden, P. (2010). Implications for the Supply Chain of Gold and Other Precious Metals, OECD Due Diligence Guidance For Responsible Supply Chain Management Of Minerals From Conflict-Affected And High Risk Areas, p.33.
http://www.oecd.org/daf/internationalinvestment/guidelinesformultinationalenterprises/46080654.pdf.
- Saraç, M., Zeren, F. ve Başar, R. (2015). Küresel Altın Fiyatlarıyla ABD Ek Beslenme Yardımı Harcamaları ve Baltık Kuru Yük Endeksi Arasındaki Etkileşim, İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 44(1): 12-20.
- Saraç, M., ve Başar, R. (2015). Amerikan Ekonomisindeki Borçluluğun Altın Fiyatlarına Etkisi, Düzce Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5(2): 1-21.
- SPDR Gold Shares (2020). Product Key Facts, https://www.spdrgoldshares.com/media/GLD/file/hong_kong/SPDR-HK-KFS-and-Prospectus-June-2020-EN.pdf.
- Statista.com, Leading Gold Producing Companies Worldwide in 2019, https://www.statista.com/statistics/277031/top-gold-producing-companies-worldwide/, (25.11.2020).
- TOCOM Tokyo Commodity Exchange, https://www.tocom.or.jp/news/2017/20170802.html, (18.11.2020).
- Vural, M. G. (2003). Altın Piyasası Ve Türkiye’de Altın Fiyatlarını Etkileyen Faktörler, Uzmanlık Yeterlilik Tezi, Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası Piyasalar Genel Müdürlüğü.
- World Gold Council (2011a). The Hidden Element in Innovation Report, https://www.gold.org/goldhub/research/gold-hidden-element-innovation-report.
- World Gold Council (2011b). Liquidity In The Global Gold Market, WGC Report, https://www.gold.org/sites/default/files/documents/gold-investment-research/liquidity_in_the_global_gold_market.pdf.
- World Gold Council (2011c). An Investor’s Guide to The Gold Market European Edition Report, WGC Report, www.gold.org.
- World Gold Council (2013a). Gold Investor - Risk Management and Capital Preservation, Why invest in gold? Gold’s Role in Long-Term Strategies, WGC Report, https://www.gold.org/sites/default/files/documents/gold-investor-201307.pdf.
- World Gold Council (2013b).The Direct Economic Impact of Gold, PWC WGC Report, https://www.gold.org/sites/default/files/documents/PWC_direct_economic_impact_of_gold.pdf.
- World Gold Council (2020a). How much gold has been mined?, www.world.org/about-gold/gold-supply/gold-mining/how-much-gold, (30.10.2020).
- World Gold Council (2020b). Gold-Mining-Production-Volumes-Data, www.gold.org/goldhub/data/historical-mine-production, (30.10.2020).
- World Gold Council (2020c). Gold Mining – Mine Production, https://www.gold.org/about-gold/gold-supply/gold-mining, (25.11.2020).
- World Gold Council (2020d). Gold Demand Trends Full Year and Q4 2019, https://www.gold.org/goldhub/research/gold-demand-trends/gold-demand-trends-full-year-2019/supply, (25.11.2020).
- World Gold Council (2020e). Gold Supply and Demand Statistics, https://www.gold.org/goldhub/data/gold-supply-and-demand-statistics, (25.11.2020).
- World Gold Council (2020f). World Offıcıal Gold Holdings - November 2020, https://www.gold.org/download/file/7739/world_official_gold_holdings_as_of_November2020_ifs.xlsx, (26.11.2020).
- World Gold Council (2020g). Monthly Central Bank Statistics & CBGA Sales & Gold Mining Production Volumes Data, https://www.gold.org/goldhub/data/monthly-central-bank-statistics & https://www.gold.org/download/file/7745/CBGA_sales.xlsx & https://www.gold.org/download/file/7593/Gold-Mining-Production-Volumes-Data.xlsx, (26.11.2020).
- World Gold Council (2020h). Gold Demand Trends Q3 2020, https://www.gold.org/goldhub/research/gold-demand-trends/gold-demand-trends-q3-2020 & https://www.gold.org/download/file/15269/gdt-q3-2020-statistics-en.xlsx, (26.11.2020).